CONNECTIVES
Ms. Nguyen Linh Chi
Instructions for use
Từ nối là từ được dùng để nối các từ, cụm từ, mệnh đề, hoặc các câu
đơn với nhau. Từ nối được phân loại theo nghĩa của chúng.
1. Chỉ sự thêm vào: and, both … and …, not only … but also, as well
as, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, …
Ex: He plays tennis and volleyball.
Not only my sister but also my parents are here.
2. Chỉ sự tương phản hoặc trái ngược: but, yet, still, however, nevertheless,
even though/ although/ though, in spite of, despite, ...
Ex: He had no qualifications, but he got the job.
He had no qualifications. However, he got the job.
Although he had no qualifications, he got the job.
3. Chỉ sự lựa chọn hoặc điều kiện: or, or else, otherwise, if, unless,
either ... or, neither … nor.
Ex: You can walk up or take the cable car.
You'd better hurry. Otherwise, you'll be late.
You'll be late if you don't hurry.
4. Chỉ nguyên nhân và kết quả: so, therefore, consequently, because,
since, as, for, because of, such ... that, so … that
Ex: John didn't study hard, so he failed the final exam.
John didn't study hard. Therefore, he failed the final exam.
John failed the final exam because he didn't study hard.
5. Chỉ mục đích: so that, in order that, in order to, so as to
Ex: I turned on the radio so that I could listen to the news.
I turned on the radio in order to listen to the news.
6. Chỉ mối quan hệ về thời gian: when, whenever, while, as, after, before, since,...
Ex: The lift stopped when she pressed the button.
As I left the house, I remembered the key.
EXERCISE 1
Choose the correct connectives.
1. Dad washed the dishes, _______ Peter put them away. (and, but, or)
2. The students were on time, _______ the teacher was late. (so, or, but)
3. Was the test hard_______ easy? (and, or, but)
4. It started to rain, _______we stayed at home and watch TV. (but, so, and)
5. Mike could speak French, _______ not Italian. (or, and, but)
6. Can you watch television _______ read the newspaper at the same time? (or, and, but)
7. I didn't need the bike anymore, _______ I sold it. (so, but, and)
8. Laura both enjoys books _______ music. (or, but, and)
9. After the trip, we were tired _______ happy. (and, but, or)
10. You'd better hurry, _______ you'll be late for class. (or, so, but)
11. The weather was cold, _______ it was warm inside our house. (but, so, and)
12. Either he will go to the movie, _______ he will go to the play. (and, but, or)
13. He sat down on the sofa _______ turned on the television. (and, but, or)
14. Peter wanted a cup of coffee, _______ he heated some water. (and, but, so)
15. I called their house, _______ no one answered the phone. (so, and, but)
EXERCISE 2
Complete the sentences with the appropriate connectives.
1. My watch was broken, _______ I bought a new one.
2. Carol stayed in bed _______ she felt really ill.
3. Nancy saved up her money _______ she could buy leather boots.
4. Always wash your hands _______ you have a meal.
5. The teacher lectured, _______ the students took notes.
6. She did not study, _______ she passed the exam.
7. _______I don't like vegetables, I eat them every day.
8. Edward missed the final exam. _______, he failed the course.
9. We must be early, _______ we won't get a seat.
10. We must work quickly. _______, we won't finish before dark.
11. _______ Jane studies hard, she will pass all of her exams.
12. In my spare time, I enjoy reading novels _______ watching
television.
13. She spoke very quietly _______ nobody could hear a word.
14. Mike was really sleepy. _______ he stayed up late to watch the
end of the game on TV.
15. _______ her illness, she missed the class.
16. Carol went to work _______ feeling ill.
17. The food was _______ hot that it burned my tongue.
18. My neighborhood is quiet and safe. _______, I always lock my
doors.
19. There was fog at Heathrow; _______, our plane's departure was
delayed.
20. _______ we were having dinner, the telephone rang.
EXERCISE 3
Rewrite the sentences, using the given connectives.
1. The children stayed home because a storm was approaching. (therefore)
2. I didn't have my umbrella, so I got wet. (consequently)
3. Paul is saving his money in order to travel in Europe next summer. (so that)
4. If you don't leave now, you'll be late for class. (otherwise)
5. Jane had a sore throat, yet she still went to work. (however)
6. He is very rich. He bought a whole island. (so ... that)
7. There isn't any air in one of the tires, so I can't ride my bicycle. (because)
8. I got to class on time although I missed my bus. (but)
9. Because of the bad weather we didn't really enjoy our holiday. (so)
10. I had a lot of studying to do, but I went to a movie anyway. (even though)
11. Sue has bought a new coat. She's bought some new boots as well. (and)
12. I was very sleepy, but I finished all of my work anyway. (nevertheless)
13. Olga did poor work. She was fired from her job. (such ... that)
14. The teacher doesn't know the answer. The students don't know the answer. (neither …nor)
15. Barbara is studying Chinese. She is also studying Japanese. (not only ... but also)
