PAKISTAN WATER & POWER DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
WAPDAS DEVELOPMENTAL PLAN
18.9.09
September 2009
WATER AND POWER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
Irrigated agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan's economy. The agriculture sector is the major user of water and its consumption will continue to dominate the water requirements. Direct rainfall contributes less than 15 percent of the water supplied to the crops. The major user of water for irrigation is the Indus Basin Irrigation System. About 105 Million Acres Feet (MAF) out of 155 MAF of surface water is being diverted annually for irrigation while around 48 MAF is pumped from groundwater. Pakistan has a total 196.72 MA area out of that 72.70 is cultivable. The cultivated area (Irrigated & Barani) has come to 52.31 MA, whereas 47.62 MA is area under all sort of irrigation sources. (27 MA is the area under canal irrigation). With large cultivable land base of 77 Million Acres (MA) of which only 27 MA are canal commanded, Pakistan still has the additional potential of bringing about 20.39 MA of virgin land under irrigation. With increased population, Pakistan is fast heading towards a situation of water shortage Per capita surface water availability was 5260 cubic meters in 1951when population was 34 million, which reduced to 1038 cubic meter in 2010 when the estimated population is 172 million. The minimum water requirement to being a "water short country" is 1,000 cubic meters. In the year 2012, Pakistan will have reached the stage of" acute water shortage"
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WATER AND POWER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
According to the 1960 Indus Water Treaty, signed between India and Pakistan with the good offices of World / Bank, India was allowed exclusive rights to use waters of Ravi, Sutlej and Beas rivers, whereas the waters of Western Rivers, Indus, Jhelum and Chenab were assigned to Pakistan. Under the 1960 Treaty, the Indus Basin Replacement Works comprising two major dams, 5 barrages and 8 link canals were constructed to alleviate the problems. However, due to excessive sediment inflows in the river water, all the three storages (Tarbela, Mangla, Chashma) are rapidly loosing their capacities. By the year 2025, these storages would loose 37% (6.27 MAF) of their capacity, which virtually means loss of one mega storage project. An annual average of over 35.2 MAF escapes below Kotri varying from 9 MAF to 92 MAF. However this surplus water in the river system is available in about 70-100 days of summer only. To save and utilize available water, construction of additional storage facilities is essential for sustainable irrigated agriculture, which supports about 70% of the population of Pakistan. National demand of electricity has been and would keep on growing rapidly. Based on the present generation capacity, the hydel:thermal mix in the country is 34:66, which is almost the reverse of an ideal hydel - thermal mix, which should be 70:30 for overall economic development of the Pakistan. Though induction of thermal generation initially helped in overcoming load shedding, it resulted in substantial increase in power tariff. Therefore, a sizeable injection of cheap hydropower through multipurpose storages is a viable option to keep the cost of electricity within affordable limits.
WATER AND POWER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
To facilitate the process of economic development and to ensure greater social stabilization in Pakistan, it is imperative that employment creation and poverty reduction issues are addressed on priority. Additional water storages and power generation would form the basis of this strategy during the next decade. At present the rated electric power generating capacity in Pakistan is only 18000 MW with the demand growing at 10% annually. The average per capita consumption is only 482 units. Power shortage in the industrial, agricultural and domestic sectors has been evident for the past few years with the shortage assuming critical proportions last year. The water shortage is even more acute. To feed a population of nearly 172 million people, existing water storage capacity of 15 Million Acre Feet (MAF) needs to be tripled in the years ahead so that the remaining 20 million acres of cultivable land can be brought under plough. Water conservation and increased water productivity must also be encouraged.
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WATER AND POWER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
It is an economically unsustainable fact that the total water storages capacity in the country is only 15 MAF representing 13% of the total annual flows of 136 MAF. Countries in Asia, Africa and the Americas have a storage capacity many times greater. To address this problem the Government of Pakistan (GoP) is developing feasibility and detailed engineering studies for nearly 20 MAF of water storage and 25,000 MW of hydel power. This is apart from thermal power being developed by the private sector, Independent Power Producers (IPPs) and the Government. To achieve the above objectives the GoP through WAPDA and the private sector plans to concentrate on the following water and power projects in the next few years: (i) Construction of large dams including Diamer-Basha Dam for Public/Private Partnership (ii) Construction of Medium/ Small Water Storage Dams (iii) Construction of Hydropower Projects (iv) Construction of Canals (v) Protection of Irrigation Infrastructure (vi) Water Conservation Strategies. These projects would create additional water storages, generate cheap indigenously developed electricity and prevent flood damages. All these measures would also ensure food security, employment generation and above all poverty alleviation.
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WAPDAs Fifty Years (1958 2008)
Construction of major Water infrastructure:
Completion of Indus Basin Replacement Projects
5-Barrages (Sidhnai, Mailsi Siphon, Qadirabad, Rasul & Chashma), 8 inter-river Link Canals (Trimmu-Sidhnai, Sidhnai-Mailsi, Mailsi-Bahawal, Rasul-Qaidrabad, Qadirabad-Balloki, LCC Feeder, Balloki-Sulemanki, Chashma-Jhelum, Taunsa-Panjnad), Mangla and Tarbela Dams
SCARPS Program (over 70 SCARPS) Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project Development of Water Resources under WAPDA Vision 2025
5-Dams (Mangla Dam Raisin, Mirani, Sabakzai, Gomal Zam & Satpara), 3-Mega Canals (Rainee, Kachhi & Greater Thal), 5-Hydropower Projects (Allai Khwar, Khan Khwar, Duber Khwar, Jinnah, Neelum-Jhelum), 2-Drainage Projects - RBOD I & III (under implementation), 25000 MW Electricity (Under study)
Expertise development in water & power engineering
INDUS BASIN IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Indus River
Tarbela Dam
Terbela Reservoir
Warsak Dam
Neelam River
Jhelum River
Ka Pa shm kis ir tan
Marala Barrage
rth No
Kabul River
ro Ha
Ku nh ar Riv er iv er R
r ive
Mangla Dam
Chenab River
Ravi River
Thal Canal
Kurram River
Chashma Reservoir C.R.B.C
Rasul Barrge
U. Jhe lu
am Link
Ch a sh ma -J
helu
mL ink
Qadirab Ras ul-Q ad adira bad Barrage Link
L.C enab .C.
Link
I Pa ndia k is tan
U. Depalpur
Gomal River
Thal reservoir (proposed) Trimmu Barrage Rangpur Canal
Qadir abad -B Link alloki
Chenab
Tr im Ha muS ve li L idhn ink ai L
l Interna Haveli
Balloki Barrag e
B.S
.Lin
k1
B.S .Lin k 2
Sulemanki Barrage
Chenab
i nk
Sidhnai Barrage
dh Si
Ravi
Islam Barrag e
Sutlej River
Fordwah Eastern Sadiqia
Warsak Dam
Kala Bagh Reservoir S (proposed) Jinnah Barrage
Jhelum
nR oa
Mangla Reservoir
M U. ara Ch la-R av en iL ab i nk Li Khanki nk Barrag B.R.B L e.Ch .D.
R as C ul P ha o nn we el r
lum Jhe U. ternal In
U.Chenab Internal
BRBD Internal
hel L. J
C.B.D.C
um
i-M na
. .C L.C der e Fe
L.C.C. West (Jhang)
L.C.C. East (Gugera)
L. Depalpur
L.B.D.C
U. Pakpattan
Sidhnai
nk l li wa ha Ba si ail
Taunsa Barrage Dera Ghazi Khan Guddu Barrage
De se rt Beg Feed har i Fe er ede r
Taun s
a-Pa
Chena b
L. attan Pakp
njnad
Link
Mailsi
d River jna d un jna P Pun
Ab ia ass
Muzaffargarh
im Qa
j Sutle
L. B w al aha
a U. B
al haw
t Pa
e ed Fe
ic e
Sehwan Reservoir (Proposed) Kotri Barrage
Kalr i
Da
du
e st hW ort
Sukkur Barrage
i hr Ro st r We irpu Kha
Kh Na ai ra rp ur Ea st
HEAD WORKS LINK CANALS TOTAL CANALS
19 11 55
Arabian Sea
i fe o tk Gh e ed r
Lin ed Ch an ne l
i lel Fu ari Piny
Schematic Diagram Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS)
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LAND USE IN PAKISTAN
CATEGORY AREA (MA)
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA AREA SUITABLE FOR AGRICULTURE CULTIVATED AREA (IRRIGATED + BARANI) AREA UNDER IRRIGATION (ALL SOURCES) (CANAL IRRIGATION) ADDITIONAL AREA THAT CAN BE BROUGHT UNDER IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE
SOURCE: AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS OF PAKISTAN 2007-08
196.72
S DU R IN IVE R
72.70
KABUL R IVER
DISPUTED
52.31
TERRITORY
m Ri ver
47.62 26.91
River
20.39
Indus
Jh e l u
r ve r Ri b ive na iR e v Ch Ra
Riv er
t le j Su
Sindh 3.95 MA Punjab 3.56 MA NWFP 2.99 MA Balochistan 9.89 MA TOTAL 20. 39MA
LEGEND MOUNTAINS DESERTS
ARABIAN SEA
AREA THAT CAN BE BROUGHT UNDER IRRIGATION IN SINDH
AREA UNDER IRRIGATION AREA THAT CAN BE BROUGHT UNDER IRRIGATION
WHERE DOES PAKISTAN STAND IN WATER AVAILABILITY vis-a-vis POPULATION
WATER AVAILABILITY Vs POPULATION capita 2010 1038 m3 per GROWTH
6000
330
5260
5000
3
311
300 PER CAPITA AVAILIBILITY 270
5260
PER CAPITA AVAILABILITY (M)
273
4000
210
204
3000
180
2838 143
2000
172 172 Million
(2010)
150 120
2129 111 1611
1038 m3
1250 1038 877 809 751 654
2040
1000
84 63 34 43
1961 1971 1981 1991
90
575 60
30
1951
2001
2010
2020
2025
2030
2050
YEAR
As per global criteria, 1000 m3 per capita is the threshold value
Population (Million)
4159
POPULATION GROWTH
221
240
238
RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION (MAF)
RESERVOIR LIVE STORAGE CAPACITY ORIGINAL TARBELA MANGLA CHASHMA TOTAL 9.68 (1974) 5.34 (1967) 0.72 (1971) 15.74 YEAR 2009 6.78 (70%) 4.46 (83%) 0.37 (51%) 11.61 (74%) LIVE STORAGE LOSS YEAR 2009 2.90 (30%) 0.88 (17%) 0.35 (49%) 4.13 (26%) YEAR 2012 3.18 (33%) 0.90 (17%) 0.29 (40%) 4.37 (28%) YEAR 2025 4.30 (44%) 1.14 (21%) 0.38 (52%) 5.82 (37%)
NEW STORAGES CURRENTLY BEING DEVELOPED/EXAMINED
UNDER IMPLEMENTATION MANGLA DAM RAISING AJK DIAMER-BHASHA NA/NWFP GOMAL ZAM - FATA KURRAM TANGI - FATA 2.88 MAF 6.40 MAF 0.89 MAF 0.90 MAF 11.07 MAF IN PLANNING STAGE DASU NWFP MUNDA FATA AKHORI PUNJAB SHYOK N / Areas Total: 0.8 MAF 0.8 MAF 6.0 MAF 5.0 MAF 12.6 MAF
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WATER DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL
DOWN STREAM KOTRI AVERAGE ANNUAL FLOWS 1976-2000 2001-2008 32.3 MAF 12.3 MAF
DOWN STREAM KOTRI AVERAGE ANNUAL FLOWS (1976-2008) ANTICIPATED USES Down stream Kotri requirement
(3.6 MAF + 5 MAF) @ 5000 cusecs round the year
32.3 MAF
8.6 MAF
Mangla Dam Raising Project Afghanistan uses on River Kabul Indian future uses on Western rivers
(Based on area indicated in Indus Water Treaty)
2.9 MAF 2.0 MAF 18.8 MAF
12.4 MAF
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NET AVAILABLE FOR DEVELOPMENT
After Diamer Basha Dam Project
MAJOR WAPDA PROJECTS COMPLETED 2000-2009
Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project Mirani Dam Project Sabakzai Dam Project US$ 2250 Million Rs. 5811 Million Rs. 2005 Million
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MAJOR WAPDA PROJECTS UNDER EXECUTION
DAMS
Mangla Dam Raising Gomal Zam Dam Satpara Dam Kurram Tangi Dam
HYDROPOWER PROJECTS
Allai Khwar Khan Khwar Duber Khwar Jinnah Neelum-Jhelum
CANALS
Rainee Canal Kachhi Canal Greater Thal Canal
DRAINAGE PROJECTS
RBOD-I RBOD-III
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WATER SECTOR PROJECTS UNDER STUDY
STORAGES Diamer Basha Dam Kurram Tangi Dam Akhori Dam Sukleji Dam Sehwan Barrage Complex Munda Dam Project Shyok Dam Project Yulbo Dam Project CANALS Chashma Right Bank Canal (Lift-cum-Gravity) Irrigation of Skardu / Bunji Plains Training & Capacity Building Ready for Construction -doUnder Study -do-do-do-do-do-
-do-do-do-
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HYDROPOWER PROJECTS UNDER STUDY
Project Diamer-Basha Golen Gol Kohala Tarbela 4th Ext. Dasu Bunji Phandar Palas Valley Spat Gah Basho Keyal Khwar Lawi Harpo Thakot HPP Pattan Yulbo Shyok Refurbishment/Rehabilitation of Mangla Power House River Indus Golen Gol-Mastuj Jhelum Indus Indus Indus Ghizar Chor Nullah Spat Gah Basho Keyal Khwar Shishi Harpo Lungma Indus Indus Indus Shyok Jhelum
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HYDROPOWER PROJECTS WHICH CAN BE UNDERTAKEN FOR EXECUTION DURING NEXT FIVE YEARS
PROJECT Diamer Basha Dam Kohala Bunji Munda Dasu Patan Others (Matiltan, Palas Valley etc.)
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RIVER Indus Jhelum Indus Swat Indus Indus
32 SMALL/MEDIUM DAMS IN PAKISTAN
PHASE-I (2009-2012)
BALOCHISTAN Hingol Dam - (3 MW) Naulong Dam - (4.4 MW) Winder Dam (0.3 MW) Pelar Dam (0.72 MW) Garuk Dam (0.72 MW) SINDH Nai Gaj Dam - (4.2 MW) Darawat Dam (0.45 MW) Sita Dam Project (0.15 MW) Phase-I US$ 263 M US$ 146 M US$ 21 M US$ 21 M US$ 22 M US$ 212 M US$ 40 M US$ 49 M NWFP Bara Dam (5.8MW) Daraban Zam Dam (0.75 MW) US$ 178 M US$ 34 M
PUNJAB Ghabir Dam (0.15 MW) Papin Dam (0.2 MW)
US$ 14 M US$ 27 M
Estimated Cost = US$ 1026 Million
PHASE-II (2010-2013)
BALOCHISTAN Sukleji Dam Basol Dam Badinzai Dam Purali Dam NWFP Chaudwan Zam Dam Tank Zam Dam Sheikh Haider Dam Chashmai Akor Dam Chowkas Dam Totakan Dam Kuhai Dam Siran Dam PUNJAB Kot Fateh Dam Mujahid Dam Lawa Dam Mohra Shera Dam Jamalwal Dam 16
SINDH Salari Dam Nali Dam Khenji Dam Naing Dam Feasibility study, detailed design under process
PAKISTANS HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL
(RIVERWISE SUMMARY)
Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4, 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Indus River Tributaries of Indus (Northern Areas) & NWFP Sub Total (1+2) Jhelum River Kunhar River Neelum River & its Tributaries Poonch River Sub Total (3+4+5+6) Swat River & its Tributaries Chitral River & its Tributaries Sub Total (7+8) Schemes below 50 MW on Tributaries Schemes below 50 MW on Canals Sub Total (9+10) River/ Tributary Power (MW) 37780 6006 44746 3143 1435 1844 397 6819 2371 2282 4653 1055 408 1463
TOTAL
57681
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CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE FOR 20000 MW HYDROPOWER GENERATION
# Name of Project 1 Diamer Basha 2 Golen Gol 3 Kurram Tangi 4 Munda 5 Kohala 6 Keyal Khwar 7 Phandar 8 Basho 9 Lawi 10 Dasu 11 Bunji 12 Akhori 13 Lower Spatgah 14 Palas Valley 15 Tarbela 4th Ext. Rehabilitation of Mangla 16 Power House 17 Training & Capacity Building 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25
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PROJECTS UNDER EXECUTION
Sr # Project 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
1 Allai Khwar 2 Duber Khwar 3 Khan Khwar 4 Jinnah 5 Neelum-Jhelum 6 Gomal Zam Dam 7 Satpara Dam
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SMALL/MEDIUM DAMS
PHASEI (20092012)
Sr # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Project Hingol Dam Naulong Dam Winder Dam Pelar Dam Garuk Dam Nai Gaj Dam Darawat Dam Sita Dam Bara Dam Daraban Zam Dam Ghabir Dam Papin Dam
20
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
SMALL/MEDIUM DAMS
PHASEII (20102013)
Sr # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Project Sukleji Dam Basol Dam Badanzai Dam Salari Dam Nali Dam Khenji Dam Naing Dam Chaudwan Zam Dam Tank Zam Dam Sheikh Haider Dam Chashmai Akor Dam Chowkas Dam Totakan Dam Kuhai Dam Siran Dam Kot Fateh Dam Mujahid Dam Lawa Dam Mohra Shera Dam Jamalwal Dam 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
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