INTEGRITY AND ANTI-

CORRUPTION COURSE
Kursus Integriti dan Antirasuah (KIAR)

NACP
2019-2023
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Module
INTEGRITY
vs CORRUPTION
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No INTEGRITY,
the main cause of corruption!

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MEANING OF INTEGRITY
The quality of being honest and
having strong principles the state of
being whole and undivided.

- Oxford Dictionary, 2nd Edition 2003 -

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MEANING OF INTEGRITY
Honesty, transparency, perfection
and integrity.

- Kamus Dewan, Edisi 2000 -

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MEANING OF INTEGRITY

Integrity in general is a quality of

excellence that is manifested in a holistic
and integral manner in individuals and
organisations. Integrity is based on
ethics.
- NIP, 2004 -

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MEANING OF INTEGRITY
It is about perfect individual and
organisational characteristics based on
noble values such as honest, truthful,
trustworthy, just, responsible,
transparent, efficient and wise.

- The Malaysian Institute of Integrity -

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INTEGRITY in a nutshell

“Is doing the RIGHT thing,

even when no one is watching”
- C.S Lewis -

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How is the INTEGRITY
of Malaysians?

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INTEGRITY
Test
Evaluating the
integrity of
Malaysians?

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Is this action considered
as having integrity?

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DRCHARANJITKAUR
factors that could affect
integrity

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 INDIVIDUAL WEAKNESSES

• Integrity is not a culture

• Weak self-control
• Low moral values
• Low work ethics
• Greed
• Does not reflect on own weaknesses
• Life pressures
• Opportunistic
• Likes pursuing wealth
• Extravagant lifestyle

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 POOR LEADERSHIP

• Leadership that does not set a good

example

• Leadership that does not emphasise

integrity

• Directives that violates procedures and

regulations

• Does not ‘walk the talk’

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 WEAKNESSES IN
SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES

• Weak systems and procedures that create

opportunities for corruption and misappropriation

• Obsolete rules that are no longer suitable to be

implemented

• Lack of transparency in a process

• Lack of enforcement or selective enforcement

• Lack of monitoring

• Limited human resource capabilities and

materials
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 UNHEALTHY CULTURE

• Society’s culture has low emphasis

on integrity

• Fear of reporting due to retaliatory

action.

• ‘I don’t care’ attitude

• ‘Yes man’ and ‘boot-licking’ attitude

at work

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 STRUCTURE AND INSTITUTIONS

STRUCTURE
• Disordered organisational structure, outdated
and not in keeping with the times

• Unclear and unreasonable organisational goals

INSTITUTIONS
• Redundance in scope, duties and
responsibilities among institutions

• No inter-organisational coordination

• Conflict of goals between institutions

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 Why individuals 1. Lack integrity
commit corruption 2. Human nature that loves being celebrated
and abuse of power 3. Human nature that wants easy money

4. Practice and tradition in organisation

5. Conspiracy and mutual agreement

6. Good relations (officer and contractor)

7. Starts with a small amount

8. Tempted with bribes multiple times

9. Managed to reject bribes, but not forever

10. Contractor’s tactics - Berbaik-baik hari ini,

mengena hari esok.
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 REAL ACTIONS WITHOUT
CASES INTEGRITY

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 Misappropriation in rice fertiliser
subsidy

Audit by National Audit Department shows that

misappropriation happened in the following forms:
• Rice farmers did not receive fertiliser subsidy
• Recipients were not farmers
• The same recipients received from two sources
• Subsidy recipients exceeds eligibility

- LKAN 2012 -

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Forged his own • SEREMBAN, 17 January 2012 - Former Director of
Negeri Sembilan Veterinary Department was charged
promotion with forging his own promotion documents.
documents • The offence involved:
a. Forging letter of instruction for promotion from
Grade G48 - RM39,536.90 salary and allowance
adjustment.
b. Forging letter of instruction for acting Grade G52
(KUP) - RM5,013.82 salary and allowance
adjustment.
c. Forging decision letter for promotion from Grade
G48 to Grade G52 - RM5,764.86 salary and
allowance adjustment.
d. Forging decision letter for acting Grade G54.

• 29 January 2015 - Court of Appeals handed a two-year

imprisonment sentence and RM10,000 fine.
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Taking advantage of a single
mother in need of a home

• 18 November 2014 - An officer at a

public agency allegedly solicited
sexual favours from a single mother

• In return for approval for affordable

housing under Projek Perumahan
Rakyat Termiskin (PPRT).

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 Forging certificate to obtain employment:
Former factory manager fined

• KUALA LUMPUR, 22 September 2016 -

A factory manager was charged with
forging a Bachelor’s degree certificate
from International Islamic College, Kuala
Lumpur.

• The purpose was to apply as a Deputy

CEO at a college.

• Pleaded guilty and was fined RM20,000.

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 Breach of trust:
Former amil
• KULAI JAYA, 1 November 2011 - A former
sentenced to 4 years amil / imam was sentenced to 4 years
in prison, 3 whippings imprisonment and 3 whippings for committing
breach of trust.

• The accused pleaded guilty for committing

breach of trust in funds from zakat fitrah and
donation collection for orphans amounting to
RM19,510.

• The accused used the money for his personal

interest.

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 Lack motivation to work

Forging documents Inefficient

Weakness in systems
and procedures
Abuse of power

INTEGRITY
Conflict of interest CHALLENGES Misappropriation

Unethical
Complaints from people

Lack quality
CORRUPTION
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Understanding
The MINDSET of BRIBERS
Reasons why someone
commits corruption

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 Victim of
circumstance
Why do I
and fear of Leadership
take
being isolated by example
bribes?

MINDSET OF
‘Get away CORRUPTION OFFENDERS
once, get Frustration
away syndrome
forever’
mindset

Ambitious For
and greedy survival

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 MINDSET OF
CORRUPTION
OFFENDERS
WHY DO I TAKE BRIBES?

• If I don’t take it, someone else will.

• In this modern world, it’s difficult for me to

say no. We can say no today, but maybe
not tomorrow. Besides, I didn’t ask for it.
They are the ones who offered.

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 MINDSET OF
CORRUPTION
OFFENDERS
AMBITIOUS AND GREEDY

• I want to be rich like my former officer.

• He can be rich, so why can’t I?

Opportunity only comes knocking once.

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 MINDSET OF
CORRUPTION
OFFENDERS
VICTIM OF CIRCUMSTANCE AND FEAR
OF BEING ISOLATED

• If I don’t accept bribes, my friends will

isolate me.

• I do not want to be isolated. So, to make

my life easier, I have to accept.

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 MINDSET OF
CORRUPTION
OFFENDERS
LEADERSHIP BY EXAMPLE

• The boss is the same. I’m following the

boss.

• If he’s taking it all, why should I be the

good guy?

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 MINDSET OF
CORRUPTION
OFFENDERS
‘GET AWAY ONCE, GET AWAY FOREVER’
MINDSET

• Got away once. Got away twice. Got away

thrice. So far everything is fine. Take
responsibility for whatever I do.

• If I am caught, I will expose all the

wrongdoings in this department.

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 MINDSET OF
CORRUPTION
OFFENDERS
FRUSTATION SYNDROME

• It’s unfair for me. I work hard, but . But, when

it comes to rewards, he is the one who will
get it. He is so lazy, but sweet talker.

• Even though I work hard and honest,

nobody notice me.

• Work with integrity could not make you rich.

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 MINDSET OF
CORRUPTION
OFFENDERS
FOR SURVIVAL

• Nowadays, I have to give bribe to get a

project.

• Salary of government servant is very low.

You cannot afford if you are living in town.
Therefore, side income is a solution.

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 HIGH-RISK FIELDS
Be careful if you work in these fields

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CONTRACT AND TENDER Integrity issues that always occur

• Conflict of interest - abuse of power for personal or

family interest / advantage

• Illegal pact between contractor and procurement

officer

• Leaking confidential information about contract /

tender

• Receiving illegal commission / compensation

• Manipulating the specifications of work / goods /

services for benefit of certain contractors

• Approving incomplete work / goods / services

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Fraud in variation order and progress payment claim.
PURCHASE AND SUPPLY
Integrity issues that always occur

• Excessive and unnecessary purchase

• Supply of low quality goods that do not follow

contract specification

• Purposely creating a need for a service / work /

purchase

• Unreasonable marked up price (procurement

price)

• Improper payment (payment is made before the

services / works / goods are still not completed or
supplied)
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ENFORCEMENT AND
REGULATION Integrity issues that always occur

• Using power for your own benefit

• Using discretion without control

• Taking advantage when dealing with customers

who are facing trouble

• False claim for overtime or deliberately created

overtime

• Fail to report wrongdoings

• Does not supervise subordinates

• Blackmailing customers for own benefit

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OFFICE PROPERTY
AND ASSET Integrity issues that always occur

• Quantity of goods delivered does not tally

(short)

• Goods supplied are low quality/does not

follow specification

• Stolen/missing goods from the store are not

reported

• Using office property / asset for personal use

• Distribution of office goods is not recorded

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PRACTISE INTEGRITY,
AVOID CORRUPTION

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INTEGRITY
begins from the heart

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Parents shape children’s
INTEGRITY

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Fix your intention!
Always seek sustenance from
permissible sources

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 GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
to enhance public service integrity

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 1979 - Guideline on Excellence Award
1980 - Punch Card System
1982 - Clean, Efficient and Trust Campaign (Bersih
Cekap Amanah)
AMONG 1982 - Look East Policy (Dasar Pandang Ke Timur)
GOVERNMENT 1983 - Name Tag System
INITIATIVES 1983 - Leadership by Example
1985 - Applica on of Islamic Values in Administra on
TO ENHANCE
1987 - Islamic Work Ethics
PUBLIC 1989 - Work Gerakan Budaya Kerja Cemerlang
SERVICE 1991 - Q Day Celebration (Sambutan Hari Q)
INTEGRITY 1992 - The Twelve Pillars (Tonggak 12)
1998 - PM’s directive to perform good values activities
2000 - Management Integrity Committee
2004 - National Integrity Plan (PIN)
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 2007 - Value Audit (Audit Nilai)
2009 - Key Performance Indicator (KPI)
2009 - Inovative and Creative Team (KIK)
2009 - Governance Integrity Committee
2009 - National Key Result Areas (NKRA)
AMONG
2009 - National Blue Ocean Strategy (NBOS)
GOVERNMENT 2013 - Establishment of Integrity Units at public agencies
INITIATIVES 2014 - Integrity and Governance Committee (JITU)
TO ENHANCE 2014 - Public Sector Conducive Ecosystem
PUBLIC (EKSA) / 5s
SERVICE 2014 - HRMIS
2018 - Special Committee on Anti-corruption (JKKMAR)
INTEGRITY
2018 - Anti-Corruption Committee (JAR)
2018 - Establishment of Integrity and Governance Unit
(IGU) at GLC
2019 - National Anti-Corruption Plan (NACP) 2019-2023
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