09/09/2018

Introduction
Maintenance and
“Take Good Care of your PC, and it will
Troubleshooting take good care of You.”
❑ Preventive Maintenance Plan
❑ Disk Defragmenter
“Take Good Care of your PC, and it
❑ Disk Cleanup
won’t Crash, lose your Data, and cost
❑ Making Backups
❑ Problems with Hard Drive you your Job - probably.”
❑ Routine Maintenance Tasks
❑ Utility and Diagnostic Software

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Preventive Maintenance Preventive Maintenance

 Preventive Maintenance Plan Preventive Maintenance and Recovery Procedures
 valuable tool to have when maintaining a PC 1. Set a supervisor password to limit access to CMOS.
 can help prevent computer failures and reduce repair costs and 2. Educate the user about the importance of not changing setup
downtime information.
 put processes in place to reduce the likelihood that the events that 3. Make a backup copy of CMOS settings and write them in a record book
cause PC failures will occur and to lessen the damage if they do occur for the computer.
 Disaster Recovery Plan 4. Keep a maintenance record of the PC, including the last time CMOS
 manage failures when they occur setup was backed up.

 help define the steps to take if and when system failures do occur

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Preventive Maintenance Disk Defragmenter

Component Maintenance How Often  Fragmentation
• Make sure air vents are clear
• Use compressed air to blow the dust out of the  occurs by creating and deleting files and folders, installing new software
Inside the case
case or use a vacuum to clean vents, power
Yearly
and downloading files from the Internet and these files are placed in
supply and fan/s. several cluster locations that are not directly next to each other
• Ensure that chips and expansion cards are firmly
seated.  depends on operating system strategy
CMOS setup • Keep a backup record of CMOS setup Whenever changes are made
• Perform regular backups At least weekly  for some OS, it writes files to the new drive beginning with cluster 2,
• Automatically execute a virus scan program at
startup
Daily placing the data in consecutive clusters
• Update antivirus software signatures files or
virus definitions
At least weekly  undesirable when the OS has to access many different locations on the
Hard drive • Defragment the drive Monthly drive to read a file, access time slows down since the read/write head
• Do not allow smoking around the PC Always needs to move a lot
• Place the PC where it will not be jarred, kicked or
Always
bumped
• Position the PC so air can circulate around it and
Always
into the front air vents
• Keep the keyboard clean Monthly
Keyboard
• Keep the keyboard away from liquids Always
Mouse • Clean the mouse rollers and ball Monthly
• Clean the screen with a soft cloth At least monthly
Monitor
• Make sure air vents are clear Always
• Make a backup copy of installation CDs As allowed by EUL
Software • Regularly run Disk Cleanup to delete unneeded
At least monthly
files

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Disk Defragmenter Disk Defragmenter

 Defragmentation
 can be performed using the graphical Disk Defragmenter utility of
Microsoft Windows where you can instruct Windows to scan the drive to
determine how fragmented it is
 need to be performed more frequently especially if you save and delete
large data files very often

Disk Defragmenter Tool

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Disk Cleanup Disk Cleanup

 Windows utility used to delete temporary and other nonessential files on Types of files that can be deleted:
a hard drive, freeing up space and often improving performance
 Downloaded program files
 A large free hard disk space allows the system to allocate more resources
 Java applets and ActiveX controls downloaded automatically when you view
for virtual memory which functions as an extension to the main memory. a certain Web page.
 allows you to select which types of files to delete in order to save drive  Temporary Internet files
space
 Files stored on your hard drive for faster viewing

 Offline web pages

 Web pages stored on the computer that allows you to view the Web page
without connecting to the Internet

 Office setup files

 Installation files used by Office

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Disk Cleanup Disk Cleanup

 Recycle bin
 contains files that have deleted from the computer

 Temporary files
 files used by some application programs to store temporary information

 Temporary offline files

 Offline files
 local copies of network files

 Compress old files

 files that are infrequently accessed

 Catalog files for the Content Indexer

 maintains an index of all the files in the disk

Hard Drive Properties

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Disk Cleanup Making Backups

 Backup
 an extra copy of a data or software file that you can use if the original file
becomes damaged or destroyed
 allows you to recover your files from any problems such as system failure,
virus, file corruption or hardware problems
 back up a file means to make a copy of it
 In the case of a system failure or the discovery of corrupted files, you
restore the files by copying the file backups to their original location on
the computer
 can be performed manually or can be scheduled to run automatically
 A scheduled backup is performed automatically by software when the
computer is not commonly in use such as during the middle of the night

Disk Cleanup Window

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Making Backups Making Backups

 Full /Normal Backup
 backs up all data from the hard drive or a directory or folder of the hard drive
 provides a complete copy of your data

 Incremental Backup
 backs up files that have changed or been created since the last back up of
any type, whether the backup itself is an incremental or full backup

 Differential Backup
 backups files that have changed or been created since the last full backup
and it should be performed in regular intervals

Backup and Restore tool for Windows 7

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Problems with Hard Drive Problems with Hard Drive

❖ Drives Retrieve and Save Data Slowly ❖ Hard Drive Not Found
▪ Perform defragmentation using the Disk Defragmenter to rewrite ▪ system BIOS cannot find your drive which is most likely there’s a loose
fragmented files in contiguous sectors. cable or adapter card
▪ check CMOS setup for errors in the hard drive configuration

❖ Hard Drive Not Spinning

▪ Drives that have trouble spinning often whine at startup for several ❖ Invalid Drive or Drive Specification
months before they finally refuse to spin altogether. ▪ system BIOS cannot read the partition table information
▪ Leaving the computer off for an extended period of time may make it ▪ When the partition table is damaged, BIOS tries to load the OS, first
impossible to start the hard drive the next time you turn on the computer. reading the Master Boot Record at the beginning of the partition table
▪ Plan to replace the drive soon. information on the hard drive
▪ try to restore the Master Boot Record at the beginning of the partition
table

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Problems with Hard Drive Problems with Hard Drive

❖ Damaged Boot Record ❖ Damaged FAT or Root Directory or Bad Sectors
▪ hard drive boot record is damaged because of the ff: ▪ partition tables are damaged with the ff messages:
▪ Invalid media type ▪ Sector not found reading drive C, Abort, Retry, Ignore, Fail?
▪ Non-DOS disk ▪ Bad Sector
▪ Unable to read from driver C ▪ Sector not found

▪ recover the boot record from your backup copy or try to repair the boot ▪ try using Windows Error-checking tools to repair the damage
record using data recovery software such as Norton Disk Doctor

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Problems with Hard Drive Problems with Hard Drive

Check Disk window

Windows Error-checking tool

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Problems with Hard Drive Routine Maintenance Tasks

❖ Data and Program File Corruption ❖ Organize the hard drive root directory

▪ can becomecorrupted ranging from power ▪ organizing the files and folders on your hard drive makes it easier to find
files and can help you back up and recover files more easily
spikes to user error ▪ keep all of your documents and other files in your My Documents folder
▪ keep application software files and their data in separate directories
▪ if the corrupted file is a program file, ▪ Software application or files containing data should not be stored in the root
reinstall the software or recover the file directory

from a previous backup

▪ to restore a data file that is not backed up:
▪ Use operating system tools and commands to recover the file.
▪ Use third-party software such as Norton Utilities.
▪ Use professional data recovery service.

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Routine Maintenance Tasks Routine Maintenance Tasks

❖ Create rescue disks ❖ Record setup data
▪ a rescue disk (Startup disk) is a bootable disk with the basic files and ▪ keep a record of CMOS settings, showing hard drive type, drive
some utility programs needed to boot and troubleshoot a failed hard configuration, and so on
drive
▪ motherboard manuals should contain a list of all CMOS settings, an
▪ after creating rescue disks, test them to make sure that they work explanation of their meanings, and their recommended values for your
reference
❖ Document all setup changes, problems and solutions
▪ keep a written record of all of the changes you make to CMOS, so you
▪ when managing and maintaining your personal computer, your have a list of the settings you have changed from the default
documentation and configuration records should be organized and in a
safe place ▪ keep a record of any DIP switch settings and jumper settings on the
motherboard
▪ record any changes in setup data, any maintenance tasks you
complete, any problems the computer has and troubleshooting solutions ▪ record any settings that do not match those outlined in the motherboard
you used to resolve issues manual

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Routine Maintenance Tasks Utility and Diagnostic

❖ Take practical precautions to protect software and data 
Software
Utility Software
▪ if software files become corrupted, to restore the software from backups  occurs by creating and deleting files and folders, programs that perform
or to reinstall the software a specific task, usually related to managing system resources or
identifying a problem with a PC
 designed to diagnose problems, repair and maintain the software on a
PC, recover corrupted or deleted data on the hard drive, provide
security, monitor system performance and download software updates
from the Internet
 may run under the installed operating system or provide its own for better
system control

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Utility and Diagnostic Utility and Diagnostic

Software Software
 Diagnostic Software
Software Description
 used to identify hardware problems Norton System Works General-purpose utility software that provides a variety of
functions, including the ability to recover lost or damaged
 good example is the PC-Technician which provides tools to test any data from a hard drive.
number of hardware components and functions, including memory, hard
drives, serial and parallel ports, video adapters and the keyboard Partition Magic Lets you create, resize and merge partitions on a hard drive
without losing data. You can use the software to run multiple
operating systems easily, convert file system types and fix
partition table errors.

PC-Technician Professional-level PC diagnostic software that loads and

operates without using the PC’s installed operating system
because it has its own proprietary OS built in. PC-Technician
provides tools to test a number of hardware components and
functions.

PC-Doctor Comprehensive hardware diagnostic and system information

tool that can test your computer, determine its configurations
and perform low-level hardware testing.

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