COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
TEST REPORT FRONT COVER SHEET
Student Name: Huda Yaqoob AL-Kamyani.
Certification: I certify that the whole of this work is the result of my individual effort and that all
quotations from books, periodicals etc. have been acknowledged.
Student Signature: Submission Date:
Student Identification Number: 2009644
Student email address: 2009644@[Link]
Program: Year/Level: Undergraduate
Academic Year: Semester:
Course title:
Course code:
Test title: Torsion of Bars
Instructor:
Notes for students :
1. A hard copy of the assignment should be stapled in the top left corner and submitted to the Instructor.
2. Marks may be awarded for satisfactory use of language and/or good presentation; satisfactory referencing
and/or presentation of a bibliography where this is required. Note that all referenced work should be
obtained from credible sources.
3. Students should ensure that they comply with A’Sharqiyah University’s plagiarism policy.
4. Students should make correct use of the Harvard system of referencing.
5. Special instructions (Penalty point for late submission)
Due date and time:
Submission Time Penalty point
No submission is allowed after
Late (-) Total
Marks / / / / / 10
Bending moment
Aim:
The following are the two objects of an introductory experiment:
1. To understand how shear in a beam works.
2. To determine the shearing force at a loaded beam's normal section and compare it to theory.
Apparatus:
1. Weights.
2. Balance indicator.
3. Length scale.
Theory:
Part 1: (To establish bending moment at cut section C).
Using the diagram for reference:
A = Simple support for short beam A.
B = Simple support for long beam B.
C = Cut section.
W1 = Weight hanger 1.
W2 = Weight hanger 2.
W3 = Weight hanger 3.
Assemble the beams as shown in the illustration. A 900mm spread is recommended. W1 is 100mm to the
left, W2 is 300mm to the left, and the pin of this hanger is positioned within the groove of beam 8. W3 is
600mm to the left of the center. Using the graduations on the adhesive graduation label on the front of the
beams, positioning is simple. Each graduation is separated by 50mm.
Adjust the thumbnut on the end of the studding protruding from the bending moment and shear force
spring balance to level the two beams.
ONLY enter the bending moment spring balance reading in kgf into the A boxes in table 1. At 'no-load,'
ON, this will be the reading.
To W1, add 10N. Level the beams and write down the new bending moment spring balance reading in
table 1 in the B box.
Load (N) Balance Reading
W1 Net Force W2 Net Force W3 Net Force
0 A A A
10 B C D
20 E F G
Bending moment (Nmm) [theorical value]
0
10
Note: The letters in the table above are visual aids only to help understand where to place the figures.
W1's 1 ON weight should be transferred to W2. Level the beam and enter the new bending moment
spring balance reading in the box labeled C in table 1.
After that, transfer the load from W2 to W3. Level the beam and enter the new bending moment spring
balance reading in the box labeled D in table 1.
Finally, using a 20N load, repeat the vvhole operation, recording all bending moment spring balance
values in table 1 within the E, F, and G boxes.
The consequence of adding the 10N or 20N load on the beam is the difference between the initial
unloaded spring balance reading (no-load) and the loaded spring balance reading for each load point.
Part 2: (Superposition)
Maintain the same load hanger placements as in phase 1. In table 2, in box A, level the beams and note
the bending moment spring balance reading.
W2 should have a? N iLoad. In table 2, in the box labeled B, level the beams and record the new bending
moment spring balance reading. • Level the beams and enter the new bending moment spring balance
reading in table 2 in the box marked C, while keeping the SN load in place on W2.
Repeat with a varied spacing between supports, load hangers in different places, and different loadings as
time allows.
Load (N) Balance Net Force Bending moment & (theortical
Reading value)
0 A
W2=5 B
W1=W3=10, C
W2=5
Note: The letters the table above are visual aids only to help understand where to place the figures.
Part 3:
Take all of the loads off the hangers. Assemble the apparatus as shown. In table 3, in the box labeled A,
level the beams and record the bending moment spring balance reading.
Place 5N on W1 and 12N on W3, then 5N on W1, 10N on W2, and 2N on W3 for two load configurations
with the same total loading. Level the beams for each configuration and record the new bending moment
spring balance reading in the Band C boxes in table 3.
Load (N) Balance Net Force Bending moment & (theortical
Reading value)
0 A
W1=5, W3=12 B
W1=5, W2=10, C
W2=2
Note: The letters in the table above are visual aids only to help understand where to place the figures.
Formula:
Experiment
Ratio=
theory
Observation:
Table of Part 1:
Load Balance Reading
(N)
W Net Force W Net Force W Net Force
1 2 3
0 A 23.546N A 23.546N A 23.546N
10 B 28.451N C 40.224N D 31.394N
20 E 32.375N F 51.015N G 38.263N
Table of Part 2:
Load (N) Balance Reading Net Force Bending moment & (theoretical value)
0 A 23.546N
W2=5 B 31.395N
W1=W3=10, W2=5 C 41.205N
Table of Part 3:
Load (N) Balance Reading Net Force Bending moment & (theoretical value)
0 A 23.546N
W1=5, W3=12 B 34.337N
W1=5, W2=10, C 41.205N
W2=2
Calculation:
Experiment
Ratio=
theory
Load (N) Balance Net Bending moment & Ratio
Reading Force (theortical value)
0 A 23.546 0 #DIV/0!
N
W1=5, B 34.337 3.46 9.345953757
W3=12 N
W1=5, C 41.205 9.46 4.355708245
W2=10, N
W2=2
Result:
We can calculate the bending moment in a simply supported beam using the results of our experiment.
Because the load is disturbed while applying force, the data obtained differs between the experimental
value and the estimated value for bending moment.
Discussion the result:
As a result, the force will lose its precision. Furthermore, the mass of the hanger increases the load's
force. The hanger's mass has not been calculated. To reduce this inaccuracy, we must first determine the
mass of the hanger so that the load we apply is less than the mass of the hanger. When measuring bending
moment, the beam is not stable because it shakes when the load is applied at the hanger. Because the
hanger is shaking, the reading of the bending moment dynamometer is constantly changing. As a result,
exact readings are rare, leading us to assume the nearest value.
Reference:
Bending [Link]
Safety:
1. In case of emergency, call University Security on 9114 0217 and inform the instructor/lab technician
immediately.
2. Ensure that you know location of all fire exits and evacuation route(s) from the laboratory. Eating,
drinking, or smoking is NOT allowed in the laboratories. The working area is to be kept clean and free of
personal belongings.
