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 PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE
Contents

1 Fun with Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.1 India’s agriculture and National Agricultural Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Agriculture technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3 Agriculture and Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.4 Soil and Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
1.5 Terrace Farming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
1.6 Hill Sheep Farming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
1.7 Desertification and its Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
1.8 Water Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
1.9 Land Utilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
1.10 Soil Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
1.11 Water Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
1.12 Conservation Technologies for Sustaining Natural Resources . . . . . 314
1.13 Watershed Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
1.14 Irrigation Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
1.15 Drainage Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
1.16 Stormwater Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
1.17 Soil Nutrients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
1.18 Fertilizers and Integrated Nutrients Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
1.19 Weed Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
1.20 crop production management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
1.21 Disease and Pest Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
1.22 Apiculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
1.23 Insect Pests and their Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
1.24 Pesticide Residues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
 1

1.25 Nematodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

1.26 Farm Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

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1.27 Farm Power and Energy in Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
1.28 Post-harvest Technology and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
1.29 Marketing and Trading agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
1.30 Farm Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
1.31 Agricultural Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512
1.32 Field Crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512
1.33 crop production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
1.34 Rice crop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
1.35 Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
1.36 Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
1.37 Maize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
1.38 Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
1.39 Millets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
1.40 Types of crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566
1.41 Sugarcane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
1.42 Seed Production and Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
1.43 Agroforestry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
1.44 Forage Crops and Grasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
1.45 Indigenous Technical Knowledge in Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
1.46 Sericulture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640
1.47 Intellectual Property Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
1.48 Agricultural Biotechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688
1.49 Informatics in Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
 1. Fun with Agriculture

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1.1 India’s agriculture and National Agricultural Policy
1. Which of the following describes a funda- 4. Which agency is responsible for procure-
mental characteristic of the Green Revolu- ment, distribution and storage of food
tion? grain production in India?
A. The application of higher levels of or- A. Ministry of Agriculture
ganic fertilizers. B. Food Corporation of India
B. The addition of calorie, fat, and fiber
C. NAFED
content to food labels.
D. TRIFED
C. The development of new strains of
crops with higher yields. 5. Who determines administered price?
D. Deforestation to provide crops with ad- A. Commission for Agricultural Cost and
ditional sunlight. price
2. The Government had constituted National B. Food Corporation of India
Commission on Farmers in under the C. Cabinet Committee on Economic Af-
chairmanship of Dr. M.S. Swaminathan. fairs
A. 2000 D. Agricultural Produce Market Commit-
B. 2004 tee
C. 2006 6. According to a currently accepted defini-
D. 2008 tion (FAO 2000), is achieved when it is
ensured that “all people, at all times, have
3. Issue price is at which the government sup-
physical, social and economic access to
plies food grains
sufficient, safe and nutritious food which
A. in open market meets their dietary needs and food prefer-
B. to the middlemen ences for an active and healthy life”.
C. to state govt A. ’National Security’
D. to ration shop B. ’Food Security’

1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. B
1.1 India’s agriculture and National Agricultural Policy 3

C. ’Personal Security’ 12. Fair price shops protect the interest of

D. ’Overall Security’ A. Poor farmers

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7. Full form of CACP B. Poor consumers
A. Commission For Agricultural commod- C. Poor traders
ity And Produce D. Rich consumers
B. Commission For Agricultural Costs
13. The Govt. supplies food grains to the ra-
And Prices
tion shops at
C. Computation For Agricultural Commod-
A. Minimum Support Price
ity And Prices
B. Issue Price
D. Commission For Agricultural Coopera-
tives And Products C. Procurement Price

8. Agriculture is the primary source of liveli- D. Market Price

hood for about per cent of India’s pop- 14. Which of the following chemicals is used by
ulation. farmers to protect their crops from pests?
A. 48-50 A. Pesticides
B. 58-60
B. Fertilisers
C. 50
C. Weedicides
D. 70
D. Artificial Manure
9. In which of the following crop production
15. Who announced the introduction of
India rank first in the world?
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Youjana?
A. Oil Seeds
A. Narendra Modi
B. Wheat
B. Dr. Manmohan Singh
C. Rice
C. Atal Bihari Vajapayee
D. All of these
D. I. K. Gujral
10. Which of the following is the largest pro-
ducer of Groundnut? 16. Agricultural price policy is required to
A. Karnataka A. provide incentives to farmers
B. Gujarat B. to encourage farmers to spend more
C. Assam C. to increase income inequality
D. Andhra Pradesh D. to increase technology in production

11. Swaminathan formula suggest MSP equal 17. The largest producer and consumer fo the
to pulses in the world is
A. C2 + 10% A. Russia
B. C2 + 20% B. India
C. C2 + 40% C. China
D. C2 + 50% D. Japan

7. B 8. B 9. A 10. D 11. D 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. B

1.1 India’s agriculture and National Agricultural Policy 4

18. The Government of India announced a Na- C. Maize

tional National Agriculture Policy aims for
D. Bajra
growth rate in excess of per annum in
the agriculture sector with required struc- 24. The Kharif crop is grown in the month of
tural changes and reforms.
A. 1%
A. March and harvested in July.
B. 2%
B. July and harvested in September or Oc-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. 3% tober .
D. 4% C. October and harvested in December.
19. Which of the folloiwng types of agriculture D. None of these
is done in densely populated areas
A. Intensive subsistence farming 25. Which of the following is NOT a key com-
ponent of organic agriculture?
B. Primitive Subsistence Farming
A. Using genetically modified seeds.
C. Plantation Agriculture
B. Applying manure as fertilizer.
D. Commercial Agriculture
C. Integrated Pest Management
20. Which country is believed to be the origi-
nal home of the cotton plant? D. Crop Rotation
A. India 26. Agricultural prices in India are
B. China A. very certain
C. Bhutan
B. uncertain
D. Japan
C. very remunerative
21. What is full form of SHG in micro finance? D. constant
A. Self Help Group
B. Social Help Group 27. Which of the following methods of farming
enables farmers to grow different crops on
C. Society Help Guarantee the same land, from time to time?
D. Self Host Generation A. Crop rotation
22. Which one of the following is a coarse B. Drip irrigation
grain?
C. Crop cultivation
A. Wheat
D. Ploughing
B. Rice
C. Pulses 28. The average agricultural growth rate since
2000 is
D. Millets
A. above 4 %
23. Second most important cereal crop of In-
dia… B. less than 4%
A. Wheat C. more than 4 %
B. Rice D. 4 %

18. D 19. A 20. A 21. A 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. C
1.1 India’s agriculture and National Agricultural Policy 5

29. What is full form of MSP? 35. The Government of India announced a Na-
A. Marginal Support Price tional Agriculture Policy on

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B. Most Supplied Price A. January 28, 2000
C. Minimum Support Price B. June 10, 2010
D. Maximum Support Price C. July 28, 2000
30. Which country is the largest exporter of D. July 28, 2020
sugar in the world?
A. Jamaica 36. The Objective/s of India’s Food Security
System is, are:
B. Guyana
C. Brazil A. Provision of minimum nutritional sup-
port to the poor through subsidized food-
D. Canada grains.
31. What name is given to the soil conserva- B. Ensuring price stability in different
tion technique used on steep slopes? States.
A. Terrain Cultivation C. Both of these
B. Crop Rotation/ Shifting
D. None of these
C. Terracing
D. Soil Creep 37. India is the largest producer of in the
world.
32. The committee recommended setting up
Agricultural Price Commission A. Sugar cane
A. Malhotra Committee B. Rice
B. Narasimham Committee C. Wheat
C. Jha Committee D. Jute
D. Vaghul Committee
38. Which of the following is a Rabi crop?
33. The National Agricultural Policy was an-
nounced by the Govt. of India on A. Rice
A. 28th July 2000 B. Maize
B. 27 th JAN. 1991 C. Wheat
C. 26 th JUNE, 2010 D. Cotton
D. 2nd OCT, 2019
39. The objective of National Agricultural Pol-
34. All of the following are benefits of agricul- icy 2000 is to achieve agriculture growth
ture EXCEPT: rate of
A. It contributes to the country’s GDP
A. more than 3% per annum
B. It provides a country with adequate
food B. more than 4% per annum

C. It provides employment opportunities C. more than 5% per annum

D. It creates pension for farmers D. more than 6% per annum

30. C 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. C 36. C 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. D
1.1 India’s agriculture and National Agricultural Policy 6

40. Which of the following country is a second 45. could be promoted to provide incen-
largest producer of rice? tives to the private sector to invest in agri-
A. USA culture in India
B. China A. Banking finance
C. Russia B. Public-Private Partnership

D. India C. Public finance

D. Foreign finance
41. While per capita net availability of food-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
grains including that of has increased, 46. is one of the main features of National
that of has declined which may have Agricultural Policy, 2000.
adversely affected the protein intake. A. Private sector participation
A. cereals; milk B. monopoly in agriculture
B. pulses; cereals C. use of obsolete technology
C. cereals; pulses D. reducing the efficiency in agriculture
D. milk; cereals 47. Buffer stock are stocks build up by the gov-
42. Who approves the Fair and Remunerative ernment to
Price (FRP) of sugarcane? A. Stabilize prices
A. Cabinet Committee on Economic Af- B. MInimise prices
fairs C. Maximise prices
B. Commission for Agricultural Costs and D. create fluctuations
Prices
48. Minimum Support Price guarantees the
C. Directorate of Marketing and Inspec-
farmers
tion, Ministry of Agriculture
A. High income
D. Agricultural Produce Market Commit-
tee B. Floor Price
C. Competitive price
43. is a method used to control the
wastage of water while farming. D. Low income
A. Crop rotation 49. price is the price at which the govern-
B. Drip rotation ment procures grains from the farmers.

C. Drip irrigation A. market price

B. minimum support price
D. Crop irrigation
C. procurement price
44. Since farming addresses soil health,
D. issue price
human health and environmental health
and is eco-friendly, it appears to be one 50. Which state was the harbinger of the
of the options for sustainability. Green Revolution in India?
A. multiple cropping A. Punjab
B. organic B. Uttar Pradesh
C. intensive C. Madhya Pradesh
D. extensive D. Himachal Pradesh

41. C 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. B 46. A 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. A
 1.2 Agriculture technology 7

51. Agricultural policy 2000 encourage 53. The agriculture policy 2000 aim to
participation. A. liberalize internal trade

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A. public
B. import promotion
B. private
C. restricted internal trade
C. more
D. restricted international trade
D. few
52. Agriculture price policy mainly benefits 54. The root cause of food insecurity is

A. Government A. poverty
B. Farmers B. climate change
C. Traders C. corruption
D. Consumers D. salinization of soil

1.2 Agriculture technology

1. What carries the code that tells a plant A. Carotene
what color it will be or how it will taste? B. Lycopene
A. Corm
C. Hepatitis B
B. Stem
D. Bt
C. Flower
5. GMO stands for
D. Gene
A. Genetically modified organism
2. Some consumers are opposed to the use of
biotechnology because of B. Genetically made organism

A. ethical question s C. Generically made organ

B. fear of the unknown health risks D. Generically modified organism
C. biotech products are more costly 6. Virus with RNA genome is
D. any of the above A. bacteriophage
3. Why are farmers profit margins being B. baculovirus
squeezed? C. retrovirus
A. People are consuming less beef. D. cyanophages
B. Because of floods, drought and bush
fires. 7. Which would least likely be a result of
biotechnology in agriculture?
C. They are poor managers of farms.
A. increase in soil erosion
D. Their income is reducing while ex-
penses are increasing. B. decrease in use of pesticide

4. What naturally occurring soil bacterium is C. increase in nutritional value of food

a protein that wards off the European corn D. decrease in amount of land used for
borer? farmland

51. B 52. B 53. A 54. A 1. D 2. D 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. A

1.2 Agriculture technology 8

8. What is not a benefit of plant biotechnol- B. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

ogy:
C. bacillus thuringiensis
A. Is less expensive than traditional agri-
cultural mehods. D. Caenorhabditis elegans
B. Helps preserve the environment.
14. Which statement BEST describes what the
C. Increases the income of farmers. Biotechnology Industry does?
D. Controls our nation?s obesity problem.
A. Using organisms and cells to make-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
9. Source of complementary RNA in RNAi is products or solve problems.
A. retrovirus B. Health care of animals is the primary-
B. transposons focus of this industry.

C. both C. Making scientific equipment which

supports DNA research.
D. none
D. Study the safety of new drugs and ap-
10. What is ONE Way technology could affect prove their use.
agriculture in a bad way?
A. Technology could have a minor mal- 15. An argument in favour of food biotechnol-
function ogy is that it
B. Keep weather up to date A. provides foods that cure disease.
C. keep harvest fresh
B. provides a cash crop for low income
D. helped harvest crops nations.
11. Agricultural products include: C. provides more food to feed a growing
A. Buildings, food, fiber, and fuel population.
B. . Food, fiber, fuel, and chemicals D. biotech foods are not controversial
C. Fiber, food, chemicals, and clothing
16. Mobile genetic elements
D. . Buildings, clothing, food, and fuel
A. therapeutics
12. GM foods look and taste the same as tradi-
tional foods and crops. The only difference B. transposons
is that GM foods can have
C. telophase
A. Better shelf life
D. thyllakoid
B. Genes with traits that improve some
characteristics of a plant.
17. What would a biotechnology engineer not
C. Addition nutrients work with?
D. All are possible A. astronomy
13. Nematodes may be free living or par- B. farming
asitic.A parasitic Nematode of Tobacco
plants is C. crime
A. Meloidogyne incognita D. pharmaceuticals

8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. D 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. A

1.2 Agriculture technology 9

18. How did Georgia’s population change after C. Vaccines are developed to help us live
World War II? longer

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A. All of the counties in Georgia gained D. Bacteria are created to clean up oil
residents as soldiers came home spills
B. Populations in rural areas increased 22. Can biotech foods cause allergic reactions
as the Agricultural Adjustment Act gave in some people?
farmers more opportunities
A. Yes, but only if people eat large quan-
C. All of the counties in Georgia lost many tities of the biotech food.
residents as people went to other states
B. Yes, if the biotech food contains a gene
in search of jobs
from a food known to cause an allergic re-
D. Urban populations increased because action.
technology advanced in farming replacing
C. No. Biotech foods are hypoallergenic.
sharecroppers and forced people to look
for work in cities
D. No, because food allergies are psycho-
19. What is minichromosome technology? logical and not physical.
A. A tiny machine inside computers to au-
23. When designing solutions to technological
tomatically delete unwanted elements in
problems, engineers use the
your background
A. Scientific Method
B. A tiny structure inside a plant’s roots
that turns the plant upside down after it B. Scientific Design Theory
finishes growing C. Engineering design process
C. A tiny structure inside a plant cell that D. Technological theory of design
does not have many genes but contains a
lot of traits 24. bt toxin is coded by which genes

D. A tiny structure inside a plant’s cell A. cry

that connects to a computer in order to B. iac
share what the plant is feeling on Insta- C. lap
gram
D. noy
20. An example of biotechnology used in agri-
25. Crops grown on a farm are considered
culture is
what type of resource?
A. cloning
A. Exhaustible
B. embryo transfer
B. Renewable
C. transgenic crops
C. Nonrenewable
D. all the above
D. Reusable
21. Which describes a way scientists use
26. Bt cotton is not
biotechnology in the field of agriculture?
A. genetically modified plant
A. DNA evidence is used to convict crimi-
nals B. insect resistant
B. Fruits and vegetables are altered to be C. bacterial gene modified plant
more nutritious D. butterfly

18. D 19. C 20. D 21. B 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. B
1.2 Agriculture technology 10

27. Plasmids, yeast, and viruses are known as 32. Agrobacterium causes disease in
plants
A. restriction enzymes A. rust
B. vectors B. gall
C. genetically modified organisms C. smut
D. bacteria D. blight
33. crystal contain toxic

NARAYAN CHANGDER
28. How is RFID helpful to consumers?
A. protein
A. It gives them information on the qual-
ity of their laptops B. carbohydrate
B. It gives them information on how their C. fats
produce was grown D. nucleic acids
C. It tells them which stores are cheap- 34. Endonuclease which cleaves dsRNA is
est
A. ricer
D. It tells them good sci-fi stories
B. dicer
29. Which statement describes a benefit of C. RISC
biotechnology in the field of agriculture? D. slicer
A. development of tools that improve soil
35. What are farmers often turning to with
quality
an aim to make their farms more efficient,
B. development of crops that are disease improve animal welfare standards and re-
resistant duce environmental impact?
C. development of plants that do not re- A. Technology
quire water for growth B. Electronic tractors
D. development of plants that do not re- C. Tax benefits
quire oxygen
D. Better animals
30. bt toxin requires which medium to become 36. Bt toxin genes were isolated from
active
A. beetle
A. acidic
B. bacillius thuringenesis
B. alkaline
C. yeast
C. neutral
D. mushrooms
D. none
37. Which headline BEST describes the impact
31. What is ONE way technology could affect agricultural technology had on Post World
technology in a good way War II Georgia?
A. Could have a malfunction A. Bigger Farms and Fewer Farmers:
Grow More with Less Hired Help
B. Keeps produce fresh
B. Agricultural Adjustment Act: Govern-
C. Spreads disease to crops ment Helps to Hire More Farm Workers
D. fails

28. B 29. B 30. B 31. B 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. A 36. B 37. A
1.2 Agriculture technology 11

C. Crop Yields Falling! - Not Enough for 43. introduction of machines such as the trac-
Returning Soldiers tor and the processor 2. fewer workers
needed on the farm3. more industries

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D. Returning Soldiers Means More Farm-
ers for Georgia looking for labor in the city 4. a shift from
agriculture to manufacturing during World
38. What is the difference between AI and hu- War II What would be the BEST title for
mans? the information above?
A. AI can do tasks faster and can go more A. “The Impact of World War II and the
in depth Decline of Cash Crops” as the state turned
B. AI can come alive at will away from agriculture to manufacturing
C. AI needs nutrients to survive during WWII
D. Humans can teach AI how to do some- B. “The Reasons behind the Population
thing Shift to Large Cities” as new technology
reduced the need for farm workers but
39. How does technology help with weather? called for manufacturing workers
A. By keeping the same weather for the
whole week but it’s non-accurate C. “The Change from Cotton to Other
Crops” as farmers turned from cotton to
B. by telling the correct weather and mak- other cash crops during WWII
ing sure the person knows before time!
C. Doesn’t even tell the weather D. “The Collapse of Farming in Georgia”
as farming was no longer important to the
D. none of above economy of Georgia
40. Which is a negative result of the use of
biotechnology in agriculture? 44. Which project is MOST LIKELY to be
A. Increased crop yields worked on by a biotechnician?

B. Reduction in pesticide use A. developing plants with resistance to

C. Unknown side effects high temperatures

D. Higher nutritional values B. developing architectural designs for

houses in floodplains
41. Agricultural businesses must do three
things C. discovering different isotopes of exist-
ing elements in the periodictable
A. Produce, process, and market
B. Process, manufacture, market D. designing lightweight, strong metallic
alloys for use in carmanufacturing
C. Manufacture, distribute, and market
D. Produce, process, and distribute
45. What is ONE way technology has helped
42. An example of post transcriptional gene si- after production?
lencing is
A. It has helped us cook
A. gene therapy
B. It helps us DESTROY
B. molecular diagnosis
C. RNA interference C. It keeps us entertained
D. Bioinformatics D. none of above

38. A 39. B 40. C 41. D 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. A 46. B

1.2 Agriculture technology 12

46. Which of these fields are most likely re- B. conservation of key species within
lated to the use of biotechnology? ecosystems
A. construction and engineering C. prevention of sewage leaking into wa-
ter supplies
B. medicine and agriculture
D. development of genetically modified
C. water treatment and electricity gener-
corn plants
ation
D. communication and computer technol- 52. An example of biotechnology being used

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ogy as a nutritional application is
A. biodegredable plastics
47. RNA interference is a method of cellular
B. industrial strength fibers
defence mechanism in
C. xenotransplantation
A. eukaryotes
D. golden rice
B. prokaryotes
53. How can we maximize the amount of crops
C. bacteria
that are produced?
D. cyanobacteria
A. By investing in smart machines, sen-
48. Natural genetic engineer is sors, and other tech
A. Meloidegyne incognitia B. By not minimizing our computer tabs
C. By planting in a lot of fields in case a
B. Agrobacterium tumificians
field fails
C. Bacillus thuriengiensis
D. By planting fertilizer instead of crops
D. Thermus aquiticus
54. What is plant biotechnology?
49. The role of transportation in industries A. Adding chemicals to foods to preserve
such as agriculture is them.
A. Vital B. Making synthetic foods using artificial,
B. Very important manmade proteins.
C. Somewhat important C. Inserting a gene with a beneficial trait
into a plant cell.
D. Not important
D. Taking immature plants and adding
50. Root knot disease of tobacco is caused by steroids to make them grow bigger and
stronger.
A. Agrobacterium tumificians
B. Meloidegyne incognitia 55. How can we better the environment?

C. Bacillus thuriengiensis A. By figuring out how to work with na-

ture
D. Thermus aquiticus
B. By figuring out how to make our lap-
51. Which project is most likely to interest a tops come alive
scientist working at a biotechnology com- C. By learning how to spell climate
pany? change
A. study and reconstruction of fossilized D. By learning magic spells that will re-
bones move the environment

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 1.3 Agriculture and Environment 13

56. Why is it important to focus on the future A. dsRNA

of farming? B. ssRNA
A. Because the population will only con-

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C. cRNA
tinue to grow and we need to make sure
we can quickly give people good quality D. siRNA
food
58. How will we decrease the amount of land
B. Because farmers need money
that must be cleared?
C. Because people will start protesting if
this is not the case A. By blending farms with forests

D. Because we are focusing on technol- B. All of the above

ogy, so it’s only fair that we focus on farm- C. By using technology to make the most
ing too out of what we have
57. Both sense and antisense RNA together D. By planting different crops every year
form to replenish the nutrients that were lost

1.3 Agriculture and Environment

1. Chemicals that remain in the environment A. Spraying broad-spectrum chemical
for a long time are described as being this pesticides as the first line of defense
A. Compost B. Complete elimination of all chemical
pesticides
B. Famine
C. Implementing a variety of cultivation
C. Genetic engineering and biological techniques and only spray-
D. Persistent ing pesticides as a last resort
D. Utilizing only trap cropping and crop ro-
2. Cell-based / cultivated meat would re-
tation
quire how many animals to be slaughtered
each year? 5. What is the advantage of using Crop Rota-
A. 0 tion

B. 50 million A. It helps the farmers make more money

C. 500 million
B. It lets the nutrients in the soil replen-
D. 5 billion ish
C. Keeps the land in good condition
3. Biotechnology is referred to as
D. All of the above
A. Genetic engineering
B. Seed agriculture 6. One DISADVANTAGE of the mechanization
of agriculture is
C. Double-cropping
A. crop yields tend to be higher.
D. Vegetative Planting
B. harvesting is done more quickly.
4. Which of the following best describes Inte- C. heavy machinery use can cause soil
grated Pest Management? compaction.

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 14

D. it enables uncultivated land to be taken D. none of above

into cultivation quickly.
12. Domesticated animals were
7. How many pounds of fish do commercial
fisheries catch each day? A. bred and managed for human use

A. 1 million pounds B. killed and being used as a source of en-

ergy
B. 100 million pounds
C. they skim them for their fur
C. 500 million pounds

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. use their bones and skin for shelter
D. 1 billion pounds
and protection
8. Which of the following is the least viable
strategy for world food supply? 13. What three grains provide most of the
world’s calories?
A. increase the number of crops from dif-
ferent plant species A. rice, soybean, corn
B. doubling the global arable land for B. cassava, soybean, wheat
agriculture C. barley, oats, corn
C. increase land for grain production by D. wheat, corn, rice
reducing land for meat production
D. create a better system of food distribu- 14. Top-level predators often eat indirectly ab-
tion sorb toxins as a result of

9. A positive impact of industrial/commercial A. bioaccumulation

agriculture is B. persistence
A. a decrease in amount of crops pro- C. overnutrition
duced
D. biomagnification
B. an increase in amount of crops pro-
duced 15. Which sustainable practice combines
C. increased water and air pollution arable intercrops with forest trees?
D. decrease in the amount of machinery A. Hydroponics
used B. Contour farming
10. How might GMOs help save pollinators? C. Conservation tillage
A. They make huge profits for corpora- D. Agroforestry
tions.
B. They reduce pesticide use. 16. In what ways we can waste less food?

C. They increase herbicide use. A. We should buy food, which we don’t

like eating e.g. broccoli.
D. People might be allergic to them.
B. We should drink more water instead of
11. Why is some produce thrown away? eating meals.
A. it’s the wrong shape C. We should think wisely before meal if
B. it’s too expensive we are really capable for eating it.
C. farmers need fertilizer D. We should buy a bigger fridge.

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 15

17. By planting different crops each growing A. the lack of integration of crops and live-
seasonin a field helps the soil from becom- stock.
ing depletedof nutrients. This is called?

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B. agribusiness.
A. Crop Exlosion C. limited use of chemicals.
B. Crop Irrigation D. an increased “green revolution”
C. Plant Fertilization
23. What is the most common form of commer-
D. Crop Rotation cial agriculture in the United States and
much of Europe?
18. What form of agriculture integrates pro-
duce and animal production? A. Commercial Gardening and Fruit Farm-
ing
A. aquaponics
B. Mix Crop and Livestock Farming
B. aquaculture
C. Dairy Farming
C. hyroponics
D. Grain Farming
D. none of the above
24. The practice of planting a nitrogen-using
19. In which ways can genetic engineering can plant with a nitrogen-fixing plant is called
improve crops
A. intercropping
A. Make them pest or drought resistant
B. contour farming
B. Make them more nutritious
C. agroforestry
C. Make them larger
D. monoculture
D. All answers are correct
25. The production and harvesting of fish and
20. Alternative to use of pesticides is biologi- shell fish in sectioned off coves and land-
cal pest control . This means based ponds is technically referred to as
A. Use of natural predators to kill the A. intensive subsistence agriculture.
pests B. deep sea fishing.
B. Use of herbal pesticides C. acquaculture.
C. Use of mixed cropping D. Monoculture.
D. none of above
26. The land survey system that makes use
21. Which of the following types of agricul- of natural features to form boundaries is
ture is commonly practiced in the United called
States? A. Long-lot survey system
A. drug crop farming B. Metes and bounds system
B. pastoral nomadism C. Township and Range system
C. dairying D. Primogeniture
D. slash and burn
27. The rearing of aquatic animals and plants
22. A major practice of sustainable agriculture for human consumption or use.
is A. ranching

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 16

B. aquaculture C. Mixed cropand livestock.

C. agriculture D. Grazing.
D. cultivation
33. Asian agriculture is characterized by short-
28. Where is aquaculture LEAST likely to be ages of all but which of the following?
used? A. equipment
A. Afghanistan
B. labor

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Israel
C. funds
C. scotland
D. land
D. United States
34. The top layer of soil is called
29. What is true about pesticides?
A. topsoil
A. Conventional produce usually has
more pesticide residue on them B. subsoil
B. Organic produce usually has more pes- C. bedrock
ticide residue on them
D. none of above
C. Organic produce uses no pesticides
D. Conventional produce uses no pesti- 35. Which of the following is the largest driver
cides of deforestation?
A. Beef
30. If houses are far apart from each other in
a rural village, it would be classified as a: B. Palm oil
A. dispersed rural settlement C. Wheat
B. clustered rural settlement D. Wood
C. agglomeration
36. Process by which human activities or cli-
D. plantation settlement mate change make areas more desert-like
31. A measure of human demand on the A. Desertification
Earth’s ecosystems. It compares human B. Domesticated
demand with planet Earth’s ecological ca-
pacity to regenerate C. Arable
A. Ecology D. Overharvesting
B. Ecological Footprint 37. Which of these is FALSE about modern
C. Environment (2nd gen) pesticides?
D. none of above A. They often kill natural predators
32. According to the von Thunen model, what B. They may runoff into nearby aquatic
type of agricultural practice would locate systems
in the outer most concentric ring? C. They become more effective over time.
A. Dairy.
B. Forestry. D. They promote genetic resistance.

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 17

38. The Food Quality Protection Act 43. Substances that can eat through or dis-
solve metal storage tanks and equipment
A. bans the use of DDT, dioxin, PCBs, and
are called

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pesticides on all US produced food
A. ignitable.
B. requires the EPA to reduce pesticide
use when the effects on children is un- B. corrosive.
known C. reactive.
C. regulates the use of genetically modi- D. toxic.
fied organisms inn food produced within
the US 44. GMOs can be

D. encourages fast-food chains to report A. plants only

the ingredients on all food items they sell B. animals only
C. plant, animal, and bacteria
39. Raising of aquatic plants or animals for hu-
man use D. plant and animal only
A. Aquaculture 45. All of the following are assumptions made
B. Overharvesting in the von Thunen model EXCEPT
A. Terrain has forested areas with sev-
C. Arable
eral small lakes and rivers
D. Famine
B. Farmers sell all of their harvest
40. The most important factor in soil formation C. The city is located centrally within an
is the isolated state
A. climate D. Soil and climate are the same
B. topography 46. Which of the following best describes
C. rock type IPM?
A. Spraying broad-spectrum chemical
D. vegetation type
pesticides as the first line of defense
41. If fish are caught faster than they can B. Complete elimination of all chemical
breed the population will pesticides
A. increase C. Implementing a variety of cultivation
and biological techniques and only spray-
B. stay the same
ing pesticides as a last resort
C. emigrate D. Utilizing only trap cropping and crop ro-
D. decrease tation

42. Leachate is a substance that 47. What is true about organic farming?

A. is produced in a compost pile A. Doesn’t actually work

B. Meets our food needs now, but won’t
B. is a byproduct of bacterial digestion
in the future
C. is produced by incinerators
C. Makes enough food to meet our needs
D. contains dissolved toxic chemicals

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 18

D. Cannot produce enough food to meet 53. Nicotine sulfate is an example of a

our current needs A. first generation pesticide
48. Which of the following is true about slash- B. pesticide developed synthetically
and-burn agriculture in the 21st century? C. second generation pesticide
A. It can take decades to replenish the D. teratogen
soil with nutrients
54. Which of the following is NOT a reason
B. Farmers stay in one place

NARAYAN CHANGDER
why land use around the world is deteri-
C. Rain forests are not as risk orating to desert-like conditions known as
desertification?
D. Nitrogen is removed from the soil
A. Overgrazing
49. All of these are typical cash crops grown B. Urbanization
in plantation agriculture, except:
C. Deforestation
A. bananas
D. Irrigation Systems
B. corn
55. What is a seed?
C. coffee
A. An embryo with a young plant inside
D. sugarcane
B. A fruit
50. The population of people has increased C. A plant
while the food production has increased lin-
D. A new plant
early.
A. linearly 56. The purpose of selective breeding is to

B. exponentially A. Get bigger animals

B. get smaller animals
C. explosively
C. create animals with desirable traits
D. inversely
D. create animals with bad traits
51. What does “reduce” mean?
57. Which item should you NOT put in your
A. use more compost pile?
B. use less A. food scraps
C. make new things B. autumn leaves
D. save the Earth C. wood chips
D. plastic
52. The use of certain organisms by humans to
control pests 58. The Swordfish has an MSC Certification la-
A. Biological pest control bel on it. What does this mean?
A. The fish is certified to be organic and
B. Pesticides
free of pesticides and antibiotics.
C. Yield
B. The fish comes from a facility that fol-
D. Overharvesting lows sustainable fishing practices.

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 19

C. The fish was not harvested using any 63. What is the most efficient type of irriga-
form of seining, netting, or trawling. tion?

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D. The fish came from a Marine Reserve. A. Furrow
B. Center Pivot
59. How might scientists check to make sure
their GMO worked? C. Drip

A. Add a fluorescent (glowing) gene (with D. none of above

the gene of interest) to see if the final
64. The process by which people engaged in
product glows
shifting cultivation plant crops of varying
B. Add another gene (with the gene of heights in order to protect lower crops is
interest), like a resistance to herbicide called
gene, to test for its addition in the final A. ridge tillage.
product.
B. intertillage.
C. Add pests to the final product to see if
they live or die! C. shifting cutivtion.

D. All of the above! D. D) subsistence agriculture.

65. Refers to land that can be used to grow

60. A friend tells you she’s decided not to use
crops
pesticides or synthetic chemicals on her
farm; she’ll rely on composting and biolog- A. Desertification
ical pest control. She is practicing B. Domesticated
A. industrial agriculture C. Arable
B. monoculture D. Overharvesting
C. organic agriculture 66. Shifting cultivation is found in all of the
D. sustainable agriculture following locations EXCEPT
A. Tropical Forests
61. The number of different species in an area
is referred to as its B. Southeast Asia

A. population C. Central Agrica

B. genetic diversity D. Southwest Asia

C. biodiversity 67. What geographic factor best explains why

a piece of land is used intensively or exten-
D. Niche diversity
sively for agriculture?
62. A condition that is caused by not enough A. Soil quality.
iron in diet B. Precipitation levels.
A. Anemia C. Climate region.
B. Goiter D. Distance to the market.
C. Kwashoirkor
68. Where is pastoral nomadism the dominant
D. none of above way of life?

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 20

A. Developing countries with dry climates 73. Under FIFRA

A. the EPA assesses health risks of active
B. Developing countries with wet cli- ingredients in pesticides
mates B. all pesticides are registered with the
C. Developed countries with dry climates FDA, EPA, and USDA
C. the US may not use any pesticides that
D. Developed countries with wet climates it produces by itself

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. all food imported must pass strict
69. The two most important crops grown in
guidelines for pesticides present
the Mediterranean region are
A. dates and lemons. 74. Which of the following is not a branch of
Agriculture?
B. almonds and grapes.
A. Agronomy
C. olives and tomatoes.
B. Animal Science
D. grapes and olives.
C. Agricultural Engineering
70. You watch a documentary about an impov- D. Money
erished country near the Sahara desert.
Some of the children appear to have 75. The two main agents of erosion are
swollen stomachs. What malnutrition dis- A. wind and flowing water
order do they have?
B. gravity and frost wedging
A. A goiter
C. oxygen and water
B. Anemia
D. carbon dioxiede and wind
C. Kwashiorkor
D. Obesity 76. The loss of the Atlantic Cod around New-
foundland occurred because those fisheries
71. Which type of agriculture is both labor- were…
intensive & capital-intensive? A. Underexploited
A. pastoral nomadism B. Fully exploited
B. slash and burn agriculture C. Overexploited.
C. dairying D. None of the above.
D. inter tillage
77. Toyota operates in which industry sector?
72. Which of the following are harmful effects A. Primary
of agriculture?
B. Secondary
A. Algal blooms due to fertilizer runoff C. Quaternary
B. Climate change associated with D. Quinary
methane emissions from livestock and
rice paddies 78. If environmental disaster strikes a region,
C. Pesticide residue in food, water, and may ensue.
air A. famine
D. All of the above B. fallow

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 21

C. horticulture 84. What specific nutrient is missing in the diet

D. monoculture of these children?

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A. Carbohydrates
79. What is soil erosion? B. Proteins
A. Building up a thicker layer of soil C. Iodine
B. Selling soil for profit D. Salt
C. Wearing away of the top layer of soil 85. The invention of more productive agricul-
D. Sink holes tural techniques during the 1960s and
1970s is called the
80. Biological pest control is the use of to
A. green revolution
control pests
B. agricultural revolution
A. living organisms
C. farming revolution
B. living organisms and chemicals
D. crop revolution
C. chemical pesticides
86. Practice that modifies the genome of living
D. salt and other dry materials organisms for industrial use
81. Legumes have special root nodules that A. Domesticated
contain colonies of bacteria. The bacteria B. Livestock
receive nutrients from the plant, and the
C. Biological pest control
plant receives nitrogen from the bacteria.
This is an example of a relationship D. Genetic engineering
A. Mutualistic 87. What is the purpose of “finishing” for
B. Commensalistic beef cows?
A. Cause the cows to gain weight
C. Parasitic
B. Making the cows unconscious before
D. none of above
slaughter
82. Which of the following is NOT a major nu- C. The act of slaughtering a cow
trient needed by humans? D. Letting old cows live out their life in a
A. carbohydrates pasture
B. lipids/fats 88. The introduction of pesticides, new fertil-
C. amino acids izers, andirrigation technology aided coun-
tries like Indiaand Mexico grow substan-
D. vitamins tially more food to helpsustain their grow-
ing population. This led to lessconcern
83. Which of the following is NOT an argument about
against GMO usage?
A. famine
A. Development of super bugs/weeds
B. increased life expectancy
B. Introduction of allergens
C. increased overall health of the popula-
C. Higher crop yields tions
D. Possible unknown health effects D. all choice s

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 22

89. Which of the following products requires 94. Which of the following is a likely short-
the most water to produce? coming of the use of genetic engineering
A. Corn in agriculture?

B. Beef A. Increased dependence on agrochemi-

cals.
C. Milk
B. Increased need for mechanization on
D. Lettuce farms.
C. Unanticipated ecological effects on

NARAYAN CHANGDER
90. Which is an advantage of monocropping?
natural ecosystems.
A. Erosion due to exposure of large areas
of soil during planting D. Taking longer than traditional meth-
ods.
B. Nutrition and pesticide needs do not
change 95. Only found in forests and includes leaf
C. More vulnerable to pests that prefer a litter and other non-decomposed organic
high concentration of food matter.
D. Reduction of productivity due to loss of A. A Horizon
nutrient-rich topsoil B. B Horizon

91. Which of these is false about the three sta- C. C Horizon

ple crops? D. none of above
A. They make up the majority (about two- 96. The order of soil horizons from top to bot-
thirds) of human consumption. tom is
B. Corn (maize) is a staple crop. A. O, E, C, B, A
C. Rice is a staple crop. B. O, C, A, B, E
D. At least one of the staple crops is an C. O, A, E, B, C
animal product.
D. A, B, C, E, O
92. Using machines, irrigation sprinklers, and 97. Which is an application of genetic engineer-
chemical fertilizers are all examples of ing?
A. Traditional farming A. destroying all bacteria
B. Subsistence farming B. creating synthetic insulin
C. Modern farming C. producing cells from nonliving mate-
D. none of above rial
D. preventing weeds from spreading to
93. What change would best aid a farmer
farmland
in making the transition from traditional
farmer to sustainable farming? 98. Which category produces the greatest
A. Irrigate the crops using well water amount of waste?
B. Rotate the types of crops grown A. Industrial
C. Plant only genetically modified crops B. Municipal
D. Reduce the ratio of essential elements C. Hazardous
in the fertilizer D. Litter

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 23

99. In the movie Food Inc. we saw a cou- 104. Farming that focuses on producing
ple Feedlots, what is a Feedlot? enough food to feed the farmer’s family.

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A. A part of the farm that has the food A. agro-biotech
stored B. commercial agriculture
B. A place where cows go to graze C. monoculture
C. A place where animals can eat in a hu- D. sustainable agriculture
man way
105. Which of the following includes the
D. A building/stockyard where livestock world’s earliest centers of plant domesti-
is fattened for market cation?
100. A condition that occurs when people do A. Northeast Asia, Eastern Europe, South
not consume enough calories or variety of Africa
foods. B. Russia, China, Latin America
A. Famine C. British Isles, Scandinavia, United
B. Malnutrition States
C. Diet D. Southeast Asia, Mesoamerica, Middle
East
D. Yield
106. According to Carl Sauer, there are two
101. What is Agriculture? distinctive types of agriculture
A. The science or practice of farming A. vegetative planting and double-
B. It is a form of culture that is found in cropping
the Middle East B. shifting cultivation and vegetative
C. It is only factories that mass produce planting
food C. vegetative planting and seed agricul-
ture
D. None of the above
D. slash-and-burn agriculture and double-
102. Cultivated rows run sideways, rather cropping
than up and down. Slows down water ero-
sion. 107. The second agricultural revolution coin-
cided with
A. Shelter belt
A. the Industrial Revolution.
B. Strip cropping
B. the first wave of European migration
C. Terracing
C. Imperialism
D. Contour plowing
D. the Enlightenment.
103. Which of the following is NOT a major 108. What is an ecological impact of soil ero-
grain exporter? sion?
A. China A. Loss of healthy soil
B. Canada B. Creation of better soil
C. USA C. Food for farm animals
D. Australia D. Destruction of bird sanctuaries

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 24

109. Most of the corn produced in the US is C. Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, Water
used for D. Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium
A. sale in the supermarket
115. Known as selective pesticides because
B. feeding cattle they target only one specific type of insect
C. fuel (ethanol) A. organic pesticide
D. exported to other countries B. inorganic pesticide
110. When did agriculture begin? C. broad-spectrum pesticide

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. 100 years ago. D. narrow-spectrum pesticide
B. 2000 years ago 116. What type of agriculture is carried out
C. 10000 years ago for survival-with few or no crops avail-
able for sale? Its usually organic, simply
D. 25000 years ago
for lack of money to buy industrial inputs
111. When roots become saturated with wa- such as fertilizer, pesticides, or gentically
ter due to over-irrigation, it causes death modified seeds.
in plant roots. This is called: A. Substainable agriculture
A. salinization B. Subsistance agriculture
B. desertification C. LDC agriculture
C. agroforestry D. Slash and Burn agriculture
D. waterlogging 117. Why does salination occur? Water from
112. Organic fertilizer made from dung and wells used for irrigation have
urine (animal waste) A. nitorgen
A. Compost B. phosphorous
B. Famine C. salt
C. Genetic engineering D. impurities
D. Persistent 118. Fill in the blank: percent of sea food
now comes from aquaculture.
113. The which took placebetween the
1920’s and 1960’s led to greatincreases A. 34
in crop yields, especially in thedeveloping B. 22
world
C. 49
A. Green Machine
D. 23
B. Green Revolution
119. capable of being broken down by biolog-
C. Feed the Hungry Campaign
ical processes, such as the action of bacte-
D. Agricultural Revolution ria
114. From what sources do most of our Calo- A. biodegradable
ries come from? B. leachate
A. Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins C. recycling
B. Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids D. solid waste

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 25

120. What makes a pollinator beneficial? A. Swidden agriculture.

A. The eat plants. B. aquaculture

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B. The kill pests. C. livestock ranching
C. They fertilize plants. D. truck farming
D. They make honey.
126. Under the integrated pest management
121. Which of the following types of agricul- system, among the following choice s,
ture would agribusiness be involved in? which would be used first to prevent an
A. substance farming infestation?
B. drug crops A. biologic methods such as Bt
C. pastoral nomadism B. DDT
D. livestock farming C. soaps and oils that kill pests
122. In which of the following areas has deser- D. broad spectrum pesticides
tification had the strongest negative im-
pact on food production? 127. Repeated application of irrigated water
in dry climates leads to
A. northern Africa
B. Mexico A. a drop in productivity of the land by
more than 10%, leading to desertification
C. Eastern China
D. Peru
B. a build up of nutrients, leading to in-
123. Which person is suffering from malnutri- creased levels of erosion
tion? C. a build up of salts in the soil, leading
A. gets 700 calories daily due to lack of to salinization
food available D. decreased phosphorus and nitrogen,
B. consumes 2000 calories daily leading to eutrophication
C. gets 2500 calories daily, but eats only
128. The relative abundance of sand, silt and
candy
clay in soil can be found by determining its
D. gets 2500 calories daily from a well
balanced diet A. texture
B. implied ratio
124. A mining company operates in which in-
dustry sector? C. salinity ratio
A. Primary D. saturation
B. Secondary
129. Heavy use of irrigation and fertilizer
C. Quaternary characterizes
D. Quinary A. the green revolution
125. In recent years what type of agricultural B. polyculture
practice has been most responsible for de-
C. aquaculture
forestation of the rain forest in parts of
Central and South America? D. the organic movement

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 26

130. All of the following are benefits of pesti- D. Using GM crops can increase pesticide
cide use EXCEPT resistance in pests.
A. disease control 135. Monocultures require more pesticides
B. crop protection and herbicids because
C. genetic resistance A. they tend to attract more insects and
D. lower food costs for consumers weeds than other crop cultures.
B. they risk total total crop annilation if
131. In commercial fishing, catching bycatch

NARAYAN CHANGDER
infested by a pest insect or plant.
decreases
C. they are so genetically modified that
A. Target fish populations
they resist pesticides and heribicides.
B. Invasive species
D. they require more nutrients and water
C. Nontarget fish populations than traditional crop cultures.
D. Producers
136. Pastoral nomadism is:
132. What is the term for the amount of food A. supported by agribusiness.
produced in an area?
B. capital-intensive.
A. arable
C. centered around cash crop production.
B. efficiency
C. yield D. found mostly in less-developed coun-
D. soil conservation tries.
133. The development of dangerous strains of 137. What does “reuse” mean?
bacteria is a result of which agricultural A. use less
practice
B. use more
A. using herbicides in large scale grain
farming C. use again
B. growing crops that are genetically D. don’t use
modified for increased yields
138. the system of varying successive crops
C. increasing the use of legumes into in a definite order on the same ground, es-
crop rotation protocols pecially to avoid depleting the soil and to
D. incorporating the use of antibiotics control weeds, diseases, and pests.
into the feeding regimes of densely con- A. crop rotation
centrated livestock
B. surplus
134. Which would NOT be a reason to use GM C. industrialization
crops?
D. hybrid
A. Using GM crops can increase crop
yields. 139. The term used to describe the excessive
B. Using GM crops can reduce use of in- growth of algae due to increased runoff of
secticide sprays. fertilisers to the water bodies

C. Using GM crops may be able to feed A. Eutrophication

more people faster. B. Biomagnification

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 27

C. green revolution B. genetically modified organisms

D. none of above C. efficient food processing plants

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140. The enormous menhaden catch is used en- D. The Food Quality Protection Act
tirely to
A. Keep people aware of the aquatic prob- 145. How has transportation changed agricul-
lems they’re causing tural production?
B. Produce feed and oil as bait for catch- A. it has given agribusiness more advan-
ing other fish tages
C. Give fish to the poor B. farms have moved closer to markets
D. Clear the ocean from all the aquatic
C. it has mad subsistence farming easier
pollutants

141. What is the origin of the word “Agricul- D. biotechnology has diminished
ture”?
A. French 146. For organic farmers to make a profit
B. Spanish A. manure must be found in abundance in
C. Greek close proximity to the farm.
D. Latin B. the government must continue to pro-
142. Farming system that relies on natural eco- vide subsidies to organic farmers.
logical systems versus the use of chemical C. consumers must be willing to pay
pesticides higher costs associated with organic pro-
A. organic agriculture duce.
B. commercial agriculture D. organic farmers must use monocrop-
C. subsistence agriculture ping.

D. inventive agriculture
147. Malnutrition over an entire population
143. Alternatives to using pesticides include A. Compost
all of these, EXCEPT:
B. Famine
A. Planting monocultures to attract pests
C. Genetic engineering
B. Trap cropping D. Persistent
C. Using pheromones to lure pests away
from crop 148. What is genetic engineering?
D. Using mechanical bug-vacs to remove A. Manipulation/addition of genes
pests
B. Naturally breeding two animals with
144. The industrialized agriculture system desired traits
shuts down without what key ingredi-
ent? C. Cross-pollinating two crops
A. cheap fossil fuel energy D. Harvesting stem cells

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 28

149. The use of synthetic fertilizers can in- 154. Before agriculture, people were basic
crease crop yield, but also A. nomads
A. destroy nitrifying bacteria in the soil B. meat eaters
B. increase nutrient runoff into nearby
C. hunters and gatherers
surface waters
D. none of the choice s
C. slow the release of organic nutrients
from compost 155. Community Supported Agriculture is a

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. increase fish populations in nearby program that does what?
streams A. allows people to sign up for a season’s
worth of locally grown produce.
150. The two natural agents of erosion are
B. when the entire community turns out
A. wind and flowing water to harvest a crop

B. gravity and frost wedging C. there is no such thing

C. oxygen and water D. When the community purchases all of

its produce from one store
D. carbon dioxiede and wind
156. Which of the following is the most effi-
151. One of the advantages of Polyculture is
cient method of irrigation?
that it
A. Furrow irrigation
A. reduces pests and weeds
B. Drip irrigation
B. is more labor intensive
C. Contour irrigation
C. maximizes efficiency
D. Center Pivot irrigation
D. simplifies production
152. Which of the following is one problem in- 157. What were the benefits of the “green
volved with transferring a farm from one revolution”?
generation to the next? A. It reduced the price of food and im-
A. A drop of productivity of land of more proved the lives of many people,
than 10%. B. It increased the amount of organic
B. Overgrazing and soil erosion. foods available in markets and reduced
the cost of production.
C. There are no problems, just pass it on
down. C. It created environmentally friendly
pesticides
D. Enormous land taxes that must be
paid. D. It created “super foods”

153. Catching or removing from a population 158. Traditional farmers grow several crops
more organisms than the population can re- on the same plot of land in a practice re-
place is called ferred to as
A. Overgrazing A. monoculture
B. Overharvesting B. polyculture
C. Aquaculture C. aquaculture
D. Domesticating D. slash and burn

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 29

159. Mariculture benefits are ALL of the fol- C. shifting cultivation

lowing EXCEPT D. agroforestry

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A. Alternative source of income
164. Removing more organisms from a popu-
B. Can generate a surplus for revenue
lation than can be replaced
generation
A. Livestock
C. Large inputs of machinery, time and
energy B. Domesticated
D. High yields of fish protein C. Overharvesting

160. The Great Plains Shelterbelt was one D. Yield

of the public works programs instituted
165. Which type of agriculture is practiced by
by Franklin Delano Rooseveltfollowing the
the largest percentage of the world’s peo-
dust bowl. This is an massive example of
ple?
A. hunting and gathering
A. Terracing
B. shifting cultivation
B. Contour plowing
C. pastoral nomadism
C. Strip cropping
D. A windbreak D. intensive subsistence

161. Agriculture that features large numbers 166. Which pest control technique uses benefi-
of animals in a small area with corn or cial insects to control pests?
other feeds being shipped in rather than A. Biological
pasture
B. Mechanical
A. IPM
C. Chemical
B. aquaculture
D. Cultural
C. hydroponics
D. CAFO 167. Domesticated animals raised to be used
on a farm or sold for profit
162. A Milkshed is what? A. Domesticated
A. A shed that is used to keep the temper- B. Diet
ature of the milk cold
C. Biological pest control
B. A ring where milk can be produced
& wont spoil at the market D. Livestock
C. The building where the milking of the 168. The layer of soil that contains lots of or-
cows happens ganic matter and nutrients is called the ,
D. It is a form of a milk dud and is also known as topsoil.
A. O Horizon
163. Which of the following is NOT a sustain-
able method of agriculture? B. A Horizon
A. no-till agriculture C. B Horizon
B. intercropping D. C Horizon

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 30

169. A farmer using an Integrated Pest Man- 174. Which of the following is not a soil parti-
agement system on his farm would use cle?
which of these options as a last resort? A. Sand
A. A synthetic chemical pesticide like B. Silt
Malathion
C. Clay
B. Natural predators to the pests
D. Loam
C. Choosing breeds of plants that have
175. Opponents of GMOs are afraid that the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
natural resistance to the pests
GMOs:
D. Planting a different crop that is not tar-
A. will hinder global trade
geted by the pests
B. make plants more resistant to disease
170. Commercial agriculture practiced in the
tropics and subtropics is called C. may cause irreversible changes in hu-
A. intensivesubsistence agriculture. mans
B. paddy rice farming. D. make pants resistant to drought

C. plantation agriculture. 176. Area that extends 200 miles from a na-
tion’s coastline
D. double cropping.
A. Compost
171. Livestock does not provide humans with B. Famine
A. Ruminants C. Exclusive Economic Zone
B. Wool D. Persistent
C. Manure 177. Widespread malnutrition and starvation
D. Leather in an area due to food shortage
A. Diet
172. A dark brown, crumbly material made
B. Famine
from decomposed matter is called
C. Malnutrition
A. compost
D. Yield
B. brown sugar
178. Which of the following crops is produced
C. saw dust
in large amounts in the United States?
D. non-biodegradable A. cassava
173. Which is of the following is not an agri- B. coffee
cultural school in Jamaica? C. rice
A. College of Agriculture Science and Ed- D. wheat
ucation
179. Which type of diffusion is most closely as-
B. Knockalva Poly-Technic College sociated with the Columbian Exchange?
C. Ebony Gardens H.E.A.R.T. Academy A. Stimulus diffusion
D. Green Island High School B. Expansion diffusion

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 31

C. Relocation diffusion D. a virus transfers pesticide resistance

D. Contagious diffusion to a new species

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180. A clothing store operates in which indus- 185. Why is biodiversity important in fight-
try sector? ing disease in food crops?
A. Primary A. It prevents one disease from wiping
out an entire food crop.
B. Secondary
B. It prevents habitat loss of na-
C. Quaternary
tive species.
D. Tertiary
C. It provides different foods for differ-
181. According to the Integrated Pest man- ent populations.
agement strategy, which of the following D. It prevents fungal disease from wip-
would be the LAST RESORT for controlling ing out corn crops.
pests?
186. Commercial agriculture is
A. synthetic (manmade) pesticides
A. A form of agriculture that is controlled
B. import natural predators
by a corporation
C. plant BT corn
B. Producing food for advertisements
D. plant Round Up Ready Corn
C. Producing food to support your family
182. What physical characteristic do all and local community
deserts share? D. Producing food to sell to the public,
A. They have no plants. and create a profit
B. They receive little rain. 187. An organic farmer is required to use
C. They are very, very hot. which of the following when fertilizing
D. They have lots of trees. his/her fields?
A. Inorganic fertilizers
183. A farmer discovers pests have become re-
sistant to the atrazine she’s been using so B. Fertilizers made from mined minerals
she must use larger, more frequent doses. C. Manure or compost
This is known as
D. Nitrogen from the atmosphere
A. the pesticide treadmill
188. If a seed has one seed leaf or cotyledon,
B. both an acute and a chronic effect
it would be consider as a seed.
C. a synergistic effect
A. Monocotyledon
D. an antagonistic effect
B. Dicotyledon
184. The pesticide treadmill occurs when C. Fibrous
A. constantly increasing doses of pesti- D. Tap
cides are needed to control pests
B. predators of the pest species are killed 189. In the winter wheat area of the U.S., the
by broadcast spraying crop is planted in

C. constantly decreasing doses of pesti- A. autumn and harvested in summer.

cides are needed to control pests B. winter and harvested in spring.

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 32

C. winter and harvested in autumn. 195. Which of the following are environmental
D. spring and harvested in summer. impacts of extensive aquaculture?
A. spread of disease
190. Which is NOT an advantage of synthetic
fertilizers? B. pollution
A. Ease of application C. introduced species
B. Highly adjustable nutrient content D. all of the above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Bioavailability of nutrients
196. Undernutrition means
D. Fewer nutrient runoff problems
A. not consuming a sufficient number of
191. According to von Thunen’s Model, which calories.
agricultural zone is closest to the market?
B. lacking a specific nutrient such as vita-
A. Livestock
min A or iron.
B. Commercial Grain
C. a lack of food such that deaths begin
C. Dairy Farming to occur.
D. Forestry D. the ingestion of too many poor quality
192. One type of agriculture is not like the calories.
other.
197. Truck farming typically includes the sale
A. Mediterranean of:
B. ranching
A. fish
C. livestock
B. fruits
D. pastoral nomadism
C. livestock
193. This type of agriculture is common with
D. soybeans
commercial farmers who convert their op-
erations to preserve and enhance environ-
198. The most important reason why most
mental quality.
people in North China grow crops other
A. sustainable agriculture than wet rice is
B. aquafarming A. Government subsidies
C. crop rotation
B. Cultural preference
D. Green Revolution
C. Climate
194. Both shifting agriculturalists and commer-
D. Soil
cial farmers practice crop rotation, but sub-
sistence farmers
199. Aquaponics is the
A. make more use of fertilizers
A. divorce of sunlight and fish
B. do not raise livestock
B. marriage of plants and fish
C. are more likely to allow fields to re-
main fallow C. marriage of soil and water with fish
D. sell their crops on a global market D. divorce of rocks and gravel

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 33

200. Which of the following is NOT a tradi- C. encouraged the use of monocropping.
tional farming practice?

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A. Manure as fertilizer D. pertained to leafy green plants only.
B. Biological pest control
206. The two most widely used and dis-
C. Irrigation drip systems tributed Genetically Modified Organisms
D. Irrigation ditches (GMO) crops are
A. corn and wheat.
201. When one person’s diet doesn’t have
enough nutrients or Calories, they suffer B. wheat and millet.
from C. soybeans and wheat.
A. famine D. soybeans and corn.
B. malnutrition
207. A condition that is caused by not enough
C. anemia iodine in diet
D. scurvy A. Anemia
202. What is a reaper? B. Goiter
A. A machine that harvested, cleaned, C. Kwashoirkor
and threshed a crop
D. none of above
B. A machine that cuts grain standing
208. Typically, slash & burn agriculture leads
C. A combine tractor
to:
D. All of the above
A. shifting cultivation
203. Raising of domesticated animals for food B. plantation farming
or items like leather
C. aquaculture
A. Slash and Burn Agriculture
D. pastoralism
B. Livestock Ranching
C. Steer Raising 209. Which of the following is NOT true about
food and the people of developed coun-
D. Animaling tries?
204. What percentage of the world’s freshwa- A. They eat too much protein, salt, sugar,
ter is used for agriculture? and fat.
A. 30 B. They do not eat enough fiber.
B. 50 C. They primarily use industrial farming
C. 70 of monocultures.
D. 90 D. They primarily plant polycultures on a
plot of land.
205. The Green Revolution
A. discouraged the mechanization of 210. All of the following are aspects of com-
agriculuture. mercial agriculture EXCEPT

B. decreased the energy subsidy of most A. a heavy reliance on machinery

food. B. the product is consumed off the farm

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 34

C. there is little relationship to other busi- 216. Pastoral nomads do not typically herd
nesses
A. cattle.
D. a small percentage of the workforce is
engaged directly in agriculture. B. llamas.
C. sheep.
211. Aquaculture is:
A. The way aquatic organisms connect D. goats.
and interact with each other
217. Which of these Earth materials is likely

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. The raising of aquatic organisms for the most permeable?
human use or consumption
A. gravel
C. How humans interact with aquatic or-
ganisms B. sand
D. none of above C. silt
212. A condition that is caused by not enough D. clay
protein in diet
A. Anemia 218. The agricultural practice of growing a sin-
gle crop, plant, or livestock species at one
B. Goiter
time.
C. Kwashoirkor
A. Uniculture
D. none of above
B. Biculture
213. Most cereal grains produced in the Untied
States are C. Monoculture

A. eaten for breakfast. D. low input farming

B. exported to developing countries.
219. What is wasted when food is thrown
C. sold to food processing industries. out?
D. fed to livestock. A. land
214. What is biomass? B. water
A. The total number of animals living on C. labor
the planet
D. all the above
B. The weight of the planet
C. The ratio of animal life to plant life 220. What is advantage to using Mix Crop and
D. The total weight of all living things on Livestock Farming?
the planet A. Breaks up the workload and keeps a
215. Toxins that get passed up the food chain steady income
in increasing amounts B. Farmers get to relax during the winter
A. biomagnification season, and rest
B. compaction C. Farmers get to make a large amount
C. compounding of money in the summer
D. non-elimination D. None of the above

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 35

221. Hydroponics is C. South America

A. growing with minerals D. Europe

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B. Is illegal
227. The term malnutrition refers to
C. soil less growing
A. A diet lacking key nutrients.
D. must have soil
B. A diet with not enough calories.
222. How much corn, soy, and cotton grown
in the US is GMO? C. A diet with too much protein.

A. 100% D. A diet consisting of more than 2, 000

calories per day.
B. <90%
C. <10% 228. Where does Shifting Cultivation (Slash
D. > 90% and Burn agriculture) take place?
A. Tropical climates with lots of rain
223. The Industrial Revolution transformed
Western agriculture B. Cold climates with lots of sun
A. through mechanization and the cre- C. Tropical climates with little to no rain-
ation of new markets fall
B. With biotechnology D. Climates with multiple seasons, but
C. By eliminating agricultural pests stay consistently warm
D. through the domestication of plants 229. The people of the Sahara Desert practice
and animals
A. Pastoral Nomadism
224. Agriculture is best defined as
B. Slash-and-burn
A. the hunting and gathering
C. Shifting agriculture
B. the altering genetic material of plants
D. Crop Rotation
C. the cultivation of plants/domesticating
animals 230. The rearing of aquatic organisms
D. using technology to increase produc- A. agroforestry
tion
B. aquaculture
225. What is land called that is suitable for
C. CAFO
farming?
A. Growable D. Green Revolution
B. Fallow 231. What is one drawback of Drift Net fish-
C. Arable ing
D. Plantable A. Cost of fish is too high

226. According to geographer Carl Sauer, agri- B. Legal in every state

culture probably first originated in C. A lot of unwanted fish are caught and
A. the Fertile Crescent. discarded
B. Southeast Asia D. none of above

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 36

232. Which of the following is NOT a nega- A. Genetic Engineering

tive side effect of modern agricultural tech- B. Waste utilization
niques versus traditional techniques?
C. Post-harvest management
A. Increased use of fossil fuels
D. Integrated pest management
B. Increased crop yields
238. In what period of agriculture did pollina-
C. Increased use of fertilizers tors begin to decline?
D. Increased use of pesticides A. Beginning of agriculture.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
233. Topsoil; best for plants to root and grow B. Traditional agriculture
in C. Industrial agriculture
A. A Horizon D. Green revolution
B. B Horizon 239. What was the positive effect of the green
C. C Horizon revolution?
D. none of above A. excess use of fertilizer
B. excess use of pesticides
234. Which soil layer is mostly clay?
C. profit for small farms
A. topsoil
D. high yields of grains
B. subsoil
C. regolith 240. Which of the following is a method of
Aquaculture?
D. bedrock
A. Fish farming
235. Hydroponics is a method of growing B. Fish modifying
plants without the use of
C. Fish raching
A. Water D. Both (a) and (c)
B. Fertilizer
241. This system of planting crops on hillsides
C. Soil to protect the soil is common in parts of
D. Sunlight South East Asia and in the Mediterranean
region.
236. You are a farmer planning to start grow-
A. ridge tillage
ing organic vegetables to sell at a farmers’
market. Before you start planting your B. pastoral nomadism
seeds, you should test your soil for which C. sustainable agriculture
two major nutrients D. subsistence agriculture
A. Nitrogen and Phosphorus
242. Which type of fertilizer is mined from
B. Phosphorus and Carbon minerals and requires large amounts of
C. Nitrogen and Carbon fossil fuels during production?
D. Nitrogen and Calcium A. Inorganic fertilizer
B. Animal Manure
237. Which sustainable practice utilizes tech-
niques to delay the biological aging of food C. Compost
while maintaining its quality? D. Herbicide

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 37

243. A major disadvantage to Monoculture is C. Overfertilization

A. its high use of fertilizers D. Runoff/ Erosion

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B. simplicity of production 249. Which of the following is TRUE of
C. its need for specialized harvesting hunter/gatherer societies?
D. that it reduces the threat of pests A. Found in isolated places
B. Comprise 25% of total population
244. Which economic activity includes the ser-
vice sector of the economy? C. Live in very large groups

A. Primary Activities D. Rarely, if ever, migrate/move to new

locations
B. Secondary Activities
250. Agriculture related environmental issue
C. Tertiary Activities
in northern Africa
D. Quaternary Activities
A. urbanization
245. If you do not consume enough carbohy- B. pesticide treadmill
drates, proteins, and lips you will suffer C. desertification
from which of the following disorders?
D. eutrophication
A. famine
251. Solid waste includes all of the following
B. hunger
except;
C. anger
A. newspaper and soda bottles
D. malnutrition
B. food scraps and yard clippings
246. One example of organic fertilizier is C. ozone and carbon dioxide
which is made of organic matter that is de- D. junk mail and milk cartons
composed by bacteria and fungi
A. erosion 252. Some farms will rotate their crops annu-
ally with legumes to reduce the amount
B. domesticated of fertilizer they have to add to their soil.
C. pesticide Which of these crops would be a good
legume rotational crop to replenish nitro-
D. compost
gen?
247. Farms that grow organic crops are not al- A. Corn
lowed to use…
B. Winter wheat
A. Botanical pesticides C. Soybeans
B. Synthetic fertilizers and insecticides D. These are all legumes
C. Compost and manure
253. Farming that requires lots of labor
D. Irrigation and/or capital investment is:
248. Which of the following is a positive effect A. intensive agriculture
of fertilizer use B. extensive agriculture
A. Groundwater contamination C. subsistence agriculture
B. Increased nutritional properties D. diffusion agriculture

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 38

254. An ADVANTAGE of adding organic fertil- B. The occupation of providing raw mate-
izers to soils is that: rials for export
A. the soil structure is improved. C. The business of animal rearing
B. nutrients are released quickly. D. The cultivation of land
C. leaching of nutrients is increased.
260. Which would increase the likelihood of
D. they are more likely to burn the roots
pesticide resistance?
of seedlings.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. An insect has only one generation per
255. Production of agricultural products for year.
the market is called:
B. Continual use of the same pesticides
A. hunting and gathering or pesticides from the same chemical
B. sedentary cultivation class.
C. subsistence agriculture C. Applying a pesticide that has little or
D. commercial agriculture no residual effect.
D. Limiting the number of pesticide appli-
256. Commercial Gardening and Fruit Farming
cations.
typically use what type of labor?
A. People with a college degree 261. Desertification is caused by:
B. American citizens A. An increase in the eating of desserts
C. Migrant Workers B. A decrease in population in desert ar-
D. Immigrants eas

257. Microorganisms are unable to break C. The degradation of soil in semi-arid re-
down plastics because plastics gions

A. are made from oil D. Droughts in tropical regions

B. are too abundant 262. The upper layer of soils that contains or-
C. are made of unknown elements ganic material, rocks, water, and air.
D. do not occur in nature A. surface layer
258. What is a GMO? B. topsoil
A. It is a form of agriculture C. bottom soil
B. It is a company that produces seeds D. topdirt
for farmers
263. Humans have obtained food in a variety
C. An organism whose DNA has been al-
of ways. Which method below emerged
tered by a lab
last?
D. All of the above
A. Hunting & gathering
259. Agriculture is
B. Vegetative planting
A. The cultivation of the land to produce
C. Seed agriculture
livestock and crops, for food and materi-
als for industry. D. The Colombian Exchange

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 39

264. How can we prevent food wasting? 269. The ecosystem in the western Plains of
A. We should buy more fast-food, we the United States is best described as a

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don’t have to prepare it at home. A. temperate desert
B. We can eat more spicy food, it is so de- B. temperate grassland
licious! C. deciduous forest
C. We mustn’t throw away food which D. wind erosion
can be reused.
D. We should eat in restaurants, so not to 270. Why did Cattle Ranching decline in the
throw away food at home. 1880’s?
A. Ranchers started to become farmers,
265. Which does not result in soil erosion? and grow grains
A. slash and burn agriculture B. The gold rush pushed people to leaving
B. monocropping ranching
C. rotating crops C. It was no longer popular to be a
D. yearly plowing/tilling rancher
D. Came into conflict with sedentary agri-
266. Good garden soil may culture.
A. have equal quantities of sand, silt and
clay 271. A CEO is an example of which sector?

B. have mostly sand A. secondary

C. have mostly clay B. tertiary

D. none of these answers is correct C. quaternary

D. quinary
267. An integrated pest management ap-
proach to pest control emphasizes which 272. One difference between subsistence and
of the following? commercial agriculture is that in commer-
A. Eradication of the pest population cial agriculture

B. Reduction of crop damage to an eco- A. A large % of the population is directly

nomically tolerable level involved in agriculture

C. Use of plant monoculture to simplify B. Less machinery is used

spraying C. More extensive use is made of fertiliz-
D. Elimination of the use of second gener- ers
ation pesticides D. Crop yields are smaller

268. A large area of cropland seeded with one 273. Which of the following categories in-
crop is a(n) cludes all of the others?
A. monoculture A. fungicides
B. polyculture B. pesticides
C. organic practice C. insecticides
D. traditional farming technique D. herbicides

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 40

274. GMO’s can allow farmers to A. a decrease in amount of crops pro-

A. use less pesticides and chemicals duced

B. engage in trap cropping B. an increase in amount of crops pro-

duced
C. use pheromones to lure pests away
from crop C. increased water and air pollution

D. Use mechanical bug-vacs to remove D. decrease in the amount of machinery

pests used

NARAYAN CHANGDER
275. Technology in which genes from one or- 280. Cattle, sheep, and goats are considered
ganism are placed in another organism to be:

A. Compost A. Livestock

B. Famine B. Farm animals

C. Genetic engineering C. Ruminants

D. Persistent D. Endangered animals

276. An Earth material that is 45% mineral, 281. This is still widely debated among scien-
50% pore space and 5% organic matter tists.
is called A. Meat production
A. soil B. How to grow corn
B. subsoil C. Malnutrition in the states
C. bedrock D. Genetic Engineering
D. impermeable
282. People living in developing countries are
277. Mediterranean agriculture must be prac- much more likely to be dependent on a sin-
ticed in a climate that is gle plant crop, such as rice, as a source
of calories. What macronutrient makes up
A. Wet summer, dry winter most of their diet?
B. Plentiful rainfall year round A. Carbohydrates
C. Dry summer, cool moist winter B. Proteins
D. Mild and dry year round C. Fats
278. Refrigerated ships and railroad cars most D. About the same amount of all of these
directly benefited the long-distance trans- macronutrients.
portation to global markets of
283. Today what percent of Ranchers Lease
A. Wheat their land from the United States govern-
B. Beef ment?
C. Cotton A. 40%
D. Fruit B. 50%

279. A negative impact of indus- C. 60%

trial/commercial agriculture is D. 70%

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 41

284. You are looking at a box of Miracle-Gro B. less soil erosion due to less surface
at the hardware store. It is made from runoff
potash, which is mined from the ground,

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C. less water needed for irrigation
and ammonium nitrate, which is chemically
manufactured. What type of fertilizer is D. farming with machines on steep hill
it? slopes can take place

A. Inorganic 289. We call it when wind and water move

B. Organic - manure soil or rock from one place to another
A. erosion
C. Organic - compost
B. domesticated
D. none of above
C. pesticide
285. How does our demand for beef contribute
D. compost
to deforestation in Latin America?
A. The need for more land to grow feed 290. Wet rice is the crop most associated with
crops for cows intensive agriculture for all of the follow-
ing reasons EXCEPT
B. The need for more trees to build barns
A. Is usually planted by hand

C. The need for larger CAFO’s B. Time consuming

D. We need a place to dispose of the large C. Labor intensive

amounts of cow manure (poo) D. Expensive to grow

286. Which one of these techniques would be 291. is a light weight sterile mix, which
the best for reducing water erosion on contains natural ingredients found in na-
farmland that is along a steep hillside? ture and it is used for growing plants
in controlled environment such as green-
A. Terracing
houses, shade houses, etc.
B. Contour plowing
A. Soil-less medium
C. Strip cropping
B. Soil
D. A windbreak C. Clay
287. How do pesticides that regulate plant D. Silt
growth work?
292. Which of the following is an example of
A. They attract predators of the pest. intensive agriculture?
B. They disrupt the pest’s life cycle A. Wet Rice Dominant Subsistence Agri-
C. They allow crops to recover from pests culture
and grow faster. B. Pastoral Nomadism
D. They cause pests to stop growing so C. Ranching
that they stay too small to cause damage.
D. Grain Production
288. What is the primary benefit the process 293. Type of commercial agriculture that fo-
of terracing crops provides? cuses on raising large numbers of cattle or
A. more crops due to more space sheep for meat.

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 42

A. pastoralism 299. Organic farming includes

B. grain farming A. no use of chemicals
C. vegetative agriculture B. focus on soil health
D. livestock ranching C. both
D. none
294. Nitrogen is a necessary nutrient for
plants but can only be taken up by the 300. Why is leachate dangerous?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
roots in the form of A. It has toxic fumes
A. nitrates B. It can leak into our water supply
B. atmospheric nitrogen C. It can’t be processed
C. ammonium D. none of above
D. outgasing 301. The water holding capacity of soil is
LEAST likely to be affected by the addition
295. Dirt differs from soil because it lacks
of which of the following?
A. water
A. Clay
B. air
B. Hummus
C. humus C. Manure
D. carbon D. Pesticide
296. Which sector of the economy is based on 302. Organisms that have been bred and man-
providing services? aged for human use
A. primary A. Livestock
B. secondary B. Domesticated
C. tertiary C. Biological pest control
D. quarternary D. Overharvesting

297. Hydroponics is a technique for 303. If you have too many insects and weeds
on your farm you would apply , which
A. growing with minerals are chemicals that are used to kill insects
B. using manure to grow plants and weeds.
C. soil less growing A. Compost
D. growing plants in air B. Manure
C. Pesticides
298. Broken down bedrock (the foundation of
good soil) is found in the horizon. D. Fertilizer

A. O 304. Which of the following best define

the term ‘Genetic Modification Organism’
B. B
(GMO)?
C. E
A. GMO is an organism that had its DNA
D. C artificially altered.

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 43

B. GMO is an organism that had its DNA 309. Alternatives to using pesticides include
artificially altered by the addition of genes (all of these except)
from the DNA of unrelated species.

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A. using monocultures to single out pests
C. GMO is an organism that had its DNA
artificially altered by the mutation process B. GMO crops with inherent pest resis-
to its DNA. tance
D. none of above C. using pheromones to lure and trap
pests
305. All of the following are types of subsis-
tence agriculture EXCEPT D. biological controls
A. pastoral nomadism. 310. The connection between industry of farm-
B. shifting cultivation. ing and business.
C. swidden agriculture A. agribusiness

D. truck farming B. subsistence agriculture

C. plantation farming
306. Grain farming primarily creates food for
D. feedlot

A. Humans 311. Which of the following do some unin-

formed people believe are harmful effects
B. Animals
of agriculture?
C. Oil
A. Algal blooms due to fertilizer runoff
D. None of the above
B. Climate change associated with
307. Which soil has the highest water holding methane emissions from livestock and
capacity? rice paddies

A. Sandy soil C. Pesticide residue in food, water, and

air
B. Clayey soil
D. All of the above
C. Loam
312. What does sustainability mean?
D. None of the above
A. Using lots of resources.
308. Which of these is an example of a genet- B. Maintaining the world we live in for fu-
ically modified organism (GMO)? ture generations.
A. A dog that is produced from mating C. Cutting down trees.
two different breeds.
D. Using lots of water and electricity.
B. Yellow Dent corn, a much larger strain
of corn bred from wild varieties. 313. Which is NOT a disadvantage of
C. A liger, which is born when a male lion monocropping?
and female tiger mate. A. Erosion due to exposure of large areas
D. BT corn, which contains a gene from of soil during planting
a bacterium that gives it resistance from B. Nutrition and pesticide needs do not
the European corn borer. change

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 44

C. More vulnerable to pests that prefer a 318. Cancer, nervous system disorders, and ill-
high concentration of food ness are all concerns associated with
D. Reduction of productivity due to loss of A. pesticides
nutrient-rich topsoil B. manure

314. What type of Agriculture did Von Thü- C. integrated pest management
nen’s Model state would be in the first D. compost
ring?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
319. A large farm in Iowa plants over a hun-
A. Mixed Crops dred acres of corn every year. This is the
B. Dairy/ Gardening only crop they grow and sell. This is an ex-
ample of what type of farming practice?
C. Grains
A. Subsistence agriculture
D. Ranching
B. Crop rotation
315. If you wanted to buy meat that does not C. Monoculturing
contain antibiotics or was not fed geneti- D. Irrigation
cally modified plants, which of the follow-
ing labels would you look for when shop- 320. Step like ridges are built and arranged
ping? sideways on a hill. Slows down water
erosion.
A. Organic
A. Shelter belt
B. Free Range
B. Strip cropping
C. Cage Free
C. Terracing
D. Certified Humane
D. Contour plowing
316. Agriculture derives from “ ” which 321. Contour farming
means (of the land) and “ ” which
A. Grows crops perpendicular to the
means (to till or cultivate).
slope of the land
A. “Ager” and “Cultura”
B. Plants trees between rows of crops
B. “agri” and “cultura” C. Growing two or more crops in proxim-
C. “cultura” and “Agrarius” ity
D. “cultivate” and “agriculture” D. Grow different crops each season

322. Corn was first domesticated in

317. Which of the following best describes the
process of desertification? A. the Tibetan Plateau

A. A drop of productivity of land of more B. the Canadian Prairie.

than 10%. C. Central Mexico
B. Caused by overgrazing and soil ero- D. Northern Argentina.
sion.
323. Irrigation can lead to all of the following
C. Occurs in arid or semi-arid areas. EXCEPT:
D. All of the above A. Waterlogging

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 45

B. Salinization 328. The raising of aquatic organisms for hu-

C. Depletion of ground water man use.

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D. Recharging of aquifers A. marine aquaculture
B. freshwater aquaculture
324. Which of the following is NOT part of In-
tegrated Pest Management (IPM)? C. Both

A. Intercropping D. none of above

B. Pest resistant crop varieties 329. The temperature is best described as

C. Limited irrigation A. low
D. Creating habitats for predators of B. high
pests C. seasonal
325. DDT has been banned for decades, but is D. none of above
still found in humans today. It exhibits
330. Crop rotation

A. immunity A. Grows crops perpendicular to the

slope of the land
B. determination
B. Plants trees between rows of crops
C. resistance
C. Growing two or more crops in proxim-
D. persistance ity
326. Which type of agriculture is found primar- D. Grow different crops each season
ily in developing countries?
331. Erosion is a danger whenever the soil is
A. Plantation
A. covered with grass
B. Truck farming
B. bare and exposed to wind and rain
C. Mediterranean
C. plowed along the contour of the land
D. Livestock ranching
D. covered by forest
327. Many early farmers of the Western U.S.
332. Which one of the following food systems
plains believed a theory called “Rain Fol-
provides the majority of our food?
lows the Plow.” What was the problem
with this theory? A. Aquaculture
A. Farming actually makes it rain less, not B. Rangelands
more. C. CAFO’s
B. The climate at the time farming took D. Croplands (or Farmlands like the
place was not any different than normal. movie said)
C. The usually high precipitation during
this period of early farming and settling 333. Eating a lot of meat is inefficient because
was a coincidence. A. 10% of energy is lost in transfer be-
D. This theory is actually true. Farming tween trophic levels.
and settling an area makes it rain more B. 50% of energy is lost in transfer be-
frequently. tween trophic levels.

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 46

C. 60% of energy is lost in transfer be- 339. Which of the following is NOT an exam-
tween trophic levels. ple of a biological pest control?
D. 90% of energy is lost in transfer be- A. Use of pathogens to control pests
tween trophic levels. B. Natural plant defenses
334. Aquaculture is C. Use of i nsecticides to eliminate pests
A. The practice of fishing D. disruption of pest breeding
B. The study of the oceans

NARAYAN CHANGDER
340. Which is most similar to intercropping?
C. The practice of taking care of the A. contour plowing
ocean by setting fishing limits
B. agroforestry
D. The practice of raising fish and other
C. no-till agriculture
water dwelling organisms for food
D. integrated pest management
335. Land used to raise food and fiber crops
for human use is 341. What specific nutrient is missing in the
diet of children with Kwashiokor?
A. cropland
A. Carbohydrates
B. range land
B. Proteins
C. aquaculture
C. Iodine
D. pollinators
D. Salt
336. What type of irrigation is shown above?
342. Disorder of nutrition resulting from im-
A. Furrow proper balance of nutrients
B. Center-pivot A. Diet
C. Drip B. Famine
D. none of above C. Malnutrition

337. Crop rotation & the enclosure movement D. Yield

were hallmarks of: 343. A farming system in which the products
A. The First Agricultural Revolution are sold for use away from the farm.
B. The Second agricultural revolution A. subsistence agriculture
C. the Third agricultural revolution B. commercial agriculture
D. the Green revolution C. sustainable agriculture
D. organic agriculture
338. People in industrialized country is more
likely to eat compared to people in de- 344. Commercial agriculture practiced in the
veloping country. tropics is called
A. rice A. Intensive subsistence agriculture
B. corn B. plantation agriculture
C. bean C. shifting cultivation
D. beef D. paddy rice farming

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 47

345. Which of the following statements is NOT 350. What is Organic food?
characteristic of modern industrial agricul-
A. Food that is grown from GMO’s, that
ture?

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uses little fertilizer
A. Specialized production
B. Food that is produced by humans
B. Prices met by individual needs of farm-
ers C. Food produced without synthetics
C. Selling products to processors D. Food that only uses pesticides
D. Participating in a global trade network
351. Which is an immediate factor for the cur-
346. Why might someone want to avoid chem- rent food crisis?
ical pest control?
A. Decrease in human population
A. It will kill pests.
B. High grain reserves
B. It will kill good insects.
C. It will result in a larger crop. C. drought in areas with a high crop yield

D. It is wrong to kill insects.

D. increase in grain production
347. A place where raw ingredients are
changed into the useful items we need or 352. Many scientists argue that worldwide
want; wood into furniture, ore into steel fisheries are declining, yet the worldwide
for cars, wheat into bread, and potatoes number of fish harvested continues to in-
into chips. crease. What best explains this discrep-
A. Natural Resources ancy?
B. Farm A. Scientists are being cautious in their
C. Factory estimates.
D. Store B. Fisheries are collapsing only in select
areas.
348. In the United States many farms are inte-
grated into a large food production indus- C. More people are reporting the fish that
try. This is known as they catch.
A. commercial farming. D. Improvements in technology is in-
creasing the catch despite declining pop-
B. food processing.
ulations.
C. agribusiness.
D. mechanized farming. 353. What is Subsistence Farming?

349. The period of rapid technological advance- A. Farming that focuses on feeding the
ment that began around 1800 is known as family and making money
the B. Farming that uses environment
A. Agricultural Revolution friendly techniques
B. Roman Empire C. Farming where the farmer produces
C. Sumerian Standard of Ur food to live off of
D. Industrial Revolution D. Farming that grows organic food

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 48

354. Which of the following have aided com- C. aquatic organisms

mercial farmers in MDCs? D. plants
A. transportation improvements and the
rise of sea levels 359. Shifting cultivation is most commonly
found in which climate region?
B. scientific advances and the reduction
in the need for electronics A. Dry

C. transportation improvements, scien- B. Tropical

NARAYAN CHANGDER
tific advances, and electronics C. Polar
D. ancient irrigation projects that can be D. Warm temperate
refitted for modern farming
360. Genetic engineering of food crops
355. One animal food product that uses the A. is only done on corn
most land, water and produces the most
greenhouse gas is B. is only done on soy

A. beef C. is only done on certain things

B. pork D. Is done with Round-Up and other pes-

ticides
C. chicken
D. eggs 361. A is a prolonged period of below av-
erage precipitation in an area.
356. The green revolution includes all of the A. Famine
following except
B. Drought
A. use of machinery for large scale agri-
culture C. Yield

B. new crop strains with higher yields D. Green Revolution

C. the use of irrigation 362. Extensive agriculture involves

D. genetically modified organisms A. lots of land and labor

357. Concentrated Animal Feedlot Operations B. little land and labor

(CAFO’s) can BEST be described as C. lots of land; less labor
A. a method of producing meat with more D. lots of labor; less land
land
363. Modern (2nd gen) pesticides have many
B. an experiment to test the effective- advantages NOT including
ness of antibiotics
A. saving human lives through their use
C. the storing of grain as a nutritional
supplement B. eliminating genetic resistance

D. large numbers of livestock in confined C. increasing agricultural yields

spaces D. fast-acting results

358. Aquaculture is the raising of for hu- 364. Emphasis on use of pesticides, herbicides,
man consumption. and monoculture
A. ruminants A. green revolution
B. poultry B. organic agriculture

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 49

C. nomadic grazing 370. Which of the following is NOT part of sus-

D. subsistence agriculture tainable agriculture?

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A. Crop rotation
365. Which of the following is a monocotyle- B. Agroforestry
donous plant?
C. Contour plowing
A. Corn
D. Monocropping
B. Mango
371. Lack of adequate calories
C. Cherry
A. malnutrition
D. Cerasee
B. undernutrition
366. Which of the following is a leading coun- C. overnutrition
try in Aquaculture?
D. anemia
A. Russia
372. The leaf litter that will enrich the topsoil
B. Japan beneath it makes up the horizon.
C. China A. O
D. Brazil B. A
C. E
367. Under the integrated pest management
system, the first line of defense during an D. B
infestation is to use
373. Widespread malnutrition and starvation
A. biologic methods in an area due to a short of food, usually
B. DDT caused by drought

C. genetic engineering A. The Green Revolution

B. Famine
D. broad range pesticides
C. Poverty
368. The production of which of the following D. Land degeneration
is the largest driver of deforestation?
374. Which of the following crops did not
A. Beef
emerge in the Americas?
B. Palm oil
A. Beans
C. Wheat B. Wheat
D. Wood C. Corn
369. Which type of fishing has high rates of D. Potatoes
bycatch and highly destructive of benthic 375. Because it has many components which
communities. work together, soil can be called a(n)
A. Pole Fishing A. system
B. Long Line Fishing B. degradation
C. Purse Seining C. composite
D. Trawling D. litter

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 50

376. Which of the following is soil-less me- A. availability for ALL farmers
dia?i. Sphagnum peat mossii. Perliteiii. B. cheaper costs
Vermiculiteiv. Coconut coirv. Coarse sand
C. higher yields
A. All of the above
D. tastier grains
B. None of the above
C. i&v 382. Over irrigation of shallow rooted plants
could cause the water table to rise bring-
D. i, ii, iii&v
ing with it dissolved

NARAYAN CHANGDER
377. What was Von Thunen’s Formula? A. salt
A. Profit= Market Price/Production Cost B. limestone
C. soil
B. Profit=Production Costs- Market
Price D. nutrients

C. Profit= Market Price - Production 383. Intensive agriculture involves

Costs
A. lots of land and labor
D. Profit= Rent from land- transporta-
B. little land and labor
tion
C. lots of land; less labor
378. Type and amount of food a person eats
D. lots of labor; less land
A. Diet
B. Famine 384. Where do beef cattle begin their lives?

C. Malnutrition A. In a CAFO

D. Yield B. In an indoor factory farm

C. In a small cage
379. Sustainability is to
D. In an open pasture
A. maintain our resources for the future
generation 385. Most farms today use synthetic pes-
B. not to use the natural resources ticides and herbicides (such as Round-up)
to control their biological pests. The prob-
C. not to pollute the environment
lem with these chemicals is that they
D. use only clean energy in the environment.
380. The most fertile soils take years to A. Synthetic pesticides | Bioaccumulate
develop cm. B. Botanical pesticides | Bioaccumulate
A. 10; 10 C. Synthetic pesticides | Biodegrade
B. 100 ; 10 D. Botanical pesticides | Biodegrade
C. 1000 ; 1
386. What would happen if industrial farmers
D. 100, 000 ; 0.1 stopped using inorganic chemical fertiliz-
381. Even though the Green Revolution had its ers?
downsides (need for chemicals and water), A. Crop yields would decrease dramati-
the positive was cally

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 51

B. Crop yields would increase dramati- C. Only kids because they eat the least
cally among of all.

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C. Farmers would use much more water D. Everyone should be aware of food
D. The need for pesticides would de- wasting because it’s our common respon-
crease sibility.

387. The Third Agricultural Revolution is also 392. What geographer suggested that certain
known as crops are grown in direct relation to their
distance from the market center?
A. GMO Revolution
A. Johann Heinrich von Thunen
B. Seed Agricultural Revolution
B. Carl Sauer
C. Green Revolution
D. Industrial Revolution C. Thomas Malthus
D. Jon Snow
388. What is food biotechnology?
A. Adding chemicals to foods to preserve 393. The largest cause of soil erosion and re-
them. moval of topsoil is/are
B. Making synthetic foods using artificial, A. flowing water
man-made proteins. B. strong wind
C. Inserting a gene with a beneficial trait C. industrial monooculture
into a plant cell.
D. clear-cutting forests
D. Taking immature plants and adding
steroids to make them grow bigger and 394. Industrialized agriculture is often re-
stronger. ferred to as “high input” because it re-
quires a great deal of:
389. The cultivation of a single crop in a given
area A. pesticides
A. polyculture B. fertilizers
B. monoculture C. fossil fuels
C. inorganic farming D. all of these
D. organic farming 395. Which of the following would be best ad-
390. Organic fertilizer comes from dressed with contour plowing?

A. only plants A. eutrophication

B. only animals B. soil erosion
C. plants and animals C. soil salinization
D. synthetic chemicals D. pesticide tredmill

391. Who should care about food waste? 396. Genetically modified foods are engi-
neered to resist herbicides so that
A. Only mother because she cooks din-
ners. A. humans won’t be put at health risks
B. Only father because he goes for shop- from pesticides
ping. B. insect pests will avoid the crops

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 52

C. the crops will grow more efficiently C. NO2

D. farmers can use heavier doses of pes- D. NO3
ticides for weeds without killing the crop
plants 402. Which type of agriculture is found primar-
ily in less developed countries?
397. Which event spurred the exchange A. Mediterranean
of agricultural products around the
B. Plantation
world?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Truck Farming
A. The Columbian exchange
D. Livestock Ranching
B. World War II
C. the invention of GMOs 403. What does RECYCLING mean?
D. enclosure A. throw away
B. give things to other people
398. Genetic engineering has been used to pro-
duce C. make new things out of old ones

A. medicines. D. using things again and again

B. food animals. 404. Increases in crop yields during the green

C. improved crops. revolution resulted in part from
A. biological pest control
D. all of these.
B. new crop varieties
399. A pesticide is if it does not break
C. new pest resistant crops
down easily or quickly in the environ-
ment. D. new fertilizers
A. Persistent 405. is any waste that is a risk to the
B. Domesticated health of humans or other living things.
C. Compost A. hazardous waste

D. Aquaculture B. politics
C. sewage
400. All of the following are disadvantages of
raising animals in feedlots, EXCEPT D. water runoff

A. less land use 406. When you eat eggs, your eggs most
likely came from what type of chickens?
B. uses more water
A. A laying hen
C. produces large amounts of animal
waste B. A broiler hen
D. increased antibiotic use C. A dairy hen
D. A mamma hen
401. What form of nitrogen is found in the at-
mosphere and then captured by nitrogen 407. No fishing zones are designed to fix
fixing bacteria? of fish.
A. N2 A. overharvesting
B. NH4 B. excessive aquaculture

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 53

C. overpopulation 413. How many animals are raised and killed

for food each year?
D. contamination

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A. 700 million
408. The majority of the world fresh water is B. 7 billion
used in
C. 70 billion
A. industry D. 700 billion
B. transportation
414. Which of the following best describes a
C. power plants genetically modified organism (GMO)?
D. irrigation A. An organism that has been selectively
bred for the best traits
409. What may NOT lead to desertification of B. An organism that contains foreign DNA
farmland?
A. no-till farming C. An organism that is produced after ex-
posure to a mutagen.
B. over grazing cattle
D. An organism that has been cloned
C. soil erosion
415. The cows and chickens we eat today are
D. none of above
considered , which means to breed or
410. Soil is important for all the following rea- manage organisms for human use.
sons except. A. erosion
A. To anchor plant roots B. domesticated

B. Air for respiration of the animal lungs C. pesticide

D. compost
C. Home and habitat for micro and macro
organisms 416. What is the Winter wheat belt?
D. Water for plant growth A. A part of North America that can not
produce crops
411. Amount of crops produced per unit area B. A part of North America where it is al-
A. Diet ways cold

B. Famine C. A part of North America where you pick

in the fall
C. Malnutrition
D. A part of North America where you
D. Yield plant in the fall

412. Pastoral Nomadism can be characterized 417. In 1960 developed countries produced
as of the worlds grains and in 2010 they
produced
A. Extensive Subsistence agriculture
A. 1/4, 3/4
B. Livestock Ranching B. 1/3, 1/2
C. Shifting agriculture C. 1/6, 1/2
D. Intensive Subsistence agriculture D. 1/4, 1/2

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 54

418. The natural factors that affect biodiver- 423. Pesticides do which of the following?
sity are? A. Reduce pests
A. Poaching, pollution, introducing exotic B. Promote pest growth
species, habitat destruction
C. Fertilize plants
B. Captive breeding, laws/treaties, habi-
tat preservation D. Reduce crop yield
C. Climate, area, diversity of niches, ge- 424. A major concern for American Farmers is
netic diversity, and extinction of species

NARAYAN CHANGDER
the depletion of
D. none of above A. aquifers
419. The country that produces the most maize B. pesticides
in the world is C. animal waste
A. Canada. D. monoculture
B. The United States.
425. the use of natural substances rather than
C. Russia. chemical fertilizers and pesticides to enrich
D. Brazil. the soil and grow crops
420. material used for the support and sta- A. Non-GMO
bility of hydroponic plants; includes sand, B. Organic Farming
gravel, peat moss and sawdust
C. Sustainability
A. artificial growing medium
D. Earth Farming
B. soil
426. In the pesticide treadmill, pests are
C. potting soil
A. Increasing resistance
D. clayey loam and humus
B. Decreasing in population
421. What is the spring wheat belt?
C. Killing other pests
A. It is part of North America that plants
grains in the spring D. Migrating to new areas
B. It is part of North America that picks 427. environmental advantage of no-till agri-
grains in the spring culture
C. It is a part of North America that al- A. less erosion
ways is warm
B. decrease in labor costs
D. None of the above
C. increased use of herbicides and pesti-
422. Soil is cides
A. The loose material on the surface of D. increased need for irrigation
the land in which plants grow.
428. Two major effects of soil erosion are
B. The part of the earth where water
gather A. water pollution and soil infertility

C. Mud and water B. desertification and salinization

D. The inner part of the earth in which C. salinization and water pollution
plants grow. D. soil infertility and desertification

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 55

429. What benefit does intercropping vegeta- C. Factory

bles such as corn with beans have? D. Store

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A. provides nutrients to the ground
435. One cause of soil erosion/degradation is
B. provides moisture to the ground
A. deforestation
C. increases the input in the system
B. polyculture
D. holds the soil together
C. organic farming
430. A poison used to destroy pests D. the minimal use of fertilizer
A. Biological Pest Control
436. Why might an insect population grow
B. Pesticide
over time even after pesticides are applied
C. Genetic Engineering monthly?
D. Overharvesting A. an increase in the population of insect
predators
431. All soil profiles begin as
B. increased soil erosion
A. weathered bedrock
C. the survival of increasing numbers of
B. thick humus
insects resistant to the pesticide
C. unweathered bedrock
D. an increase in soil and nutrients and
D. sand, silt, and clay soil microorganisms
432. A diet low in will result in the dis- 437. Overgrazing of public land is an example
order , which reduces the ability of of
the body to transport oxygen through the
A. rule of 70
blood.
B. eminent domain
A. Iron / Kwashiorkor
C. tragedy of the commons
B. Iron / Anemia
D. manifest of destiny
C. Iodine / Goiter
D. Protein / Kwashiorkor 438. Which Fishing technique is considered the
most destructive?
433. All of the following are methods of solid
A. Drift Nets
waste disposal EXCEPT:
B. Trawling
A. landfills
B. open dumping C. Baiting

C. incineration D. Breeding

D. recovery 439. The is a government agency that

serves us by enforcing and forming laws
434. Products we get from the ocean, from that protect the environment.
plants or animals that occur naturally with-
out management from humans or from A. DDT
mining. B. EPA
A. Natural Resources C. CIA
B. Farm D. FBI

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 56

440. Repellent chemicals and tough skin are 445. How many components is soil made up
both examples of of?
A. genetic engineering A. 4
B. natural plant defenses B. 2
C. 3
C. disrupting insect breeding
D. 1
D. pathogens
446. The was the period between 1950

NARAYAN CHANGDER
441. China and India produce how much of the and 1970 when increases in crop yields re-
worlds total rice? sulted from the use of new crop varieties
A. 80% and the application of modern agriculture
techniques.
B. 70%
A. drought
C. 60% B. persistent
D. 50% C. Green Revolution
442. Which of the following is NOT a way of D. Industrial Revolution
conserving topsoil: 447. What is a trade-off?
A. Build terraces when planting crops on A. The positive outcome of a decision
hillsides only.
B. Till down the slope instead of across it B. The negative outcome of a decision
only.
C. Do not till the soil between plantings C. Both the positive and negative out-
come of a decision.
D. Leave strips of land untilled between
fields D. Trading Pokemon cards with your
lunch friends.
443. model is used by geographers to ex-
448. Which sector has grown in the fastest in
plain the importance of proximity to the
developed countries?
market in the choice of crops to the com-
mercial farm. A. primary

A. McKinley’s B. secondary
C. tertiary
B. Iqbel’s
D. none of above
C. Whittlesey’s
449. A is a waste disposal facility where
D. von Thünen’s
wastes are put in the ground and covered
each day with a layer of dirt, plastic, or
444. The loss of a natural habitat is called?
both.
A. Habitat development
A. landfill
B. biodiversity B. incinerator
C. Pollution C. compost heap
D. Habitat destruction D. aquifer

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 57

450. Which of the soil layers is composed of 455. What are common plantation farming
humus and detritus? products?

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A. A horizon A. Cotton
B. B horizon B. Sugarcane
C. C horizon C. Coffee
D. O horizon D. All of the above
451. excessive irrigation in drier climates
456. All of the following are true about the
leads to
Green Revolution EXCEPT
A. local and regional flash flooding
A. Takes place mainly in science laborato-
B. increased water tables ries
C. increased soil salinization B. Only tested on farms in MDCs
D. increased crop yields C. Allows for plants and animals that
452. Which is NOT true regarding of the mech- grow in conditions they normally would
anization of agriculture? not
A. The use of machines encourages farm- D. Led to the increase in industrial farm-
ers to grow several types of plants on a ing
single farm.
457. Mixture of decomposing organic matter
B. There is an economic advantage to us- used as a fertilizer
ing machines when fuel prices are low.
A. Domesticated
C. There is an economic advantage to us-
ing machines when cost of labor is high. B. Biological pest control
C. Aquaculture
D. Mechanization allows farms to take ad- D. Compost
vantage of economies of scale.
458. What is a huge problem with the overuse
453. Which trophic level would be able to feed of pesticides?
the most people?
A. bioaccumulation in the tissue of ani-
A. producers mals is passed through the food chain
B. primary consumers
B. Over time pesticide resistant species
C. secondary consumers will become less abundant
D. tertiary consumers C. high output of food
454. According to the Integrated Pest Man- D. an increase of fertilizers use
agement strategy, which of the following
would be the MOST PREFERRED method of 459. The purpose of herbicides is to kill which
pest control? of the following?
A. Synthetic (manmade) Pesticides A. insects
B. Importing natural predators B. birds
C. Stop planting crops C. rodents (rats, mice, and squirrels)
D. Plant GMO crops D. weeds (unwanted plants)

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 58

460. Which of the following is likely to mini- 465. Why do hunter/gatherer societies mi-
mize soil erosion? grate?
A. No till agriculture A. New entertainment options
B. Herbicide use B. War
C. Follow migration of plants/animals
C. High Yield crops
D. Signs from the heavens
D. Deforestation
466. Which of the following statements is

NARAYAN CHANGDER
461. Which of the following works to protect true?
against the exploitation of agricultural la- A. Only animals have hearths.
bor?
B. Only crops have hearths.
A. fair trade C. Different animals and crops emerged
B. all agribusiness from different hearths.
C. plantation farming D. All domesticated animals emerged
from the same hearth.
D. suitcase farming
467. Which of the following agricultural prod-
462. The idea that land value, will decrease as ucts are not cash crops?
one gets farther away from central mar- A. cocoa
kets is.
B. coffee
A. Proximity of Location C. cotton
B. Threshing D. corn
C. Von Thunen’s Model 468. Any fuel made from biological plant mat-
D. Bid Rent Theory ter rather than fossil fuels.
A. gasoline
463. One alternative to catching fish from the
B. biofuel
ocean is , which is the process of farm-
ing fish and other aquatic organisms C. diesel
A. aquaculture D. electric

B. domesticated 469. Subsistence agriculture dominates in

C. pesticide A. Less developed countries

B. More developed countries
D. compost
C. Mid-latitude climates
464. What do we call it when an ecosystem is D. Newly industrialized countries
able to maintain its structure and be stable
over time? 470. The type of nutrient consumed most in
the world is
A. It is dependable.
A. fats
B. It is sustainable. B. protiens
C. It is independent. C. carbohydrates
D. It is adaptable. D. nucleic acids

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 59

471. Agroforestry/Alley cropping B. Ranchers had range rights, their ani-

A. Grows crops perpendicular to the mals had free reign

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slope of the land C. Ranchers looked out for each other
B. Plants trees between rows of crops and fought against others
C. Growing two or more crops in proxim- D. None of the above
ity
D. Grow different crops each season 477. Cows are classified as , because they
have the ability to break down shrubs and
472. Historians believe that Pastoral Nomads turn it into meat.
are where in the evolutionary scale?
A. poultry
A. At the bottom
B. livestock
B. Right below Hunters and Gathers
C. ruminants
C. Same as Hunter and Gathers
D. In between Hunters and Gathers and D. domesticated
Sedentary people?
478. Farms that grow organic crops are not al-
473. This is NOT a source of famine around the lowed to use
world.
A. Botanical pesticides
A. War
B. Synthetic fertilizers and insecticides
B. Natural Disaster
C. New crop variety C. Compost and manure

D. Crop failure by drought D. Irrigation

474. The process of nutrients or minerals being 479. Nutrients or minerals are removed from
removed from soil by dissolving in water soil by dissolving in water
A. salinization A. salinization
B. aeration
B. aeration
C. compaction
C. compaction
D. leaching
D. leaching
475. Which is NOT a benefit of genetically
modified organisms? 480. Physiological density is defined as
A. Increased profits
A. the average farm production com-
B. Increased resistance to extreme pared to arable land.
weather
B. the number of farmers as compared to
C. Increased crop yield the total population.
D. Increased genetic diversity
C. the number of people compared to
476. The “code of the west” refereed to what arable land.
for Ranchers? D. the number of farms compared to the
A. Farmers had control of the land total land area.

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 60

481. Why is the Green Revolution agriculture 486. Which of these statements accurately
NOT considered a sustainable form of agri- compares forest soils to grassland soils?
culture? A. Grassland soils have much thicker O
A. It introduced new GMO plants horizons due to the accumulation of fallen
leaves
B. The plants required large amounts of
pesticides, fertilizers, and water B. Grassland soils have much thicker A
horizons due to the deep root structure of
C. It produces too many plants
the plants

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. The plants require small amounts of C. Forest soils have much thicker A hori-
pesticide, fertilizers, and water zons because very little leaching of nutri-
ents takesplace.
482. What makes the seed?
D. The two soils have nearly identical pro-
A. Embryo, Food store, Testa
files, which each horizon being about the
B. Plumule, Testa samethickness.
C. Testa 487. What percentage of greenhouse gas emis-
D. Radicle sions caused by producing food are from
animal products?
483. Von Thünen’s Model had how many as-
A. 80
sumptions?
B. 60
A. 3
C. 40
B. 4
D. 20
C. 5
488. Which trophic level would be most af-
D. 6
fected by a toxin such as DDT?
484. The Earth’s available arable land is being A. producers
reduced by B. primary consumers
A. soil erosion C. secondary consumers
B. fast-growing human populations D. tertiary consumers
C. desertification
489. Which is part of an integrated pest man-
D. all of these agement?
A. no-til
485. What is a CAFO (confined animal feeding
operation)? B. increased application of pesticides
A. A place where animals eat food in the C. contour plowing
winter months D. crop rotation
B. An operation with more than 1, 000 an-
490. Given the “Clean Fifteen” and “Dirty
imals at a time
Dozen” lists we looked at, which produce
C. A small Feedlot that has 0 to 1, 000 an- would you expect to have the greatest
imals amount of pesticide residue?
D. None of the above A. Cantaloupe

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 61

B. Grapefruit 495. An organism that produces genes for

C. Avocados a trait that is not originally part of its
species’ gene code/DNA is a

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D. Apples
A. Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)
491. The 10% rule applies to raising plants B. Organic Organism
and animals on a farm, just like in an
ecosystem. With that in mind, how many C. Hydroponic
pounds of grain would you expect to be D. Monoculture
needed to produce 10 pounds of beef?
A. 10 pounds of grain 496. Chemical messengers that are produced
in the plant and control growth.
B. 50 pounds of grain
A. Hormones
C. 100 pounds of grain
B. Tropisms
D. Over 250 pounds of grain
C. Compounds
492. A major benefit to crop rotation would
D. Sugars
be
A. Several different crops produced in 497. What is sustainability?
the same year A. Meeting the needs of the community
B. Nitrogen is put into the soil, which is NOW and planning for the needs of the
needed for plants community in the FUTURE.
C. Requires less manual labor B. Meeting the needs of the community
D. Farmers can replenish the soild and NOW only.
improve agricultural productivity C. Meeting the needs of the community in
the FUTURE only.
493. Which of the Agricultural Revolutions did
not include increased usage of complex ma- D. Both the positive and negative out-
chines? come of a decision.
A. First Agricultural Revolution 498. Why does groundwater depletion hap-
B. Second Agricultural Revolution pen?
C. Third Agricultural Revolution A. People are using too little water
D. Green Revolution B. Climate change and farmers using too
much water
494. Benefits of GMO crops include
C. Bird migration
A. lower cost, keep coming back each
year to grow, no problems D. Pollution

B. slower growth, increased insects, an 499. The first agriculturalists were

decreased plant defenses
A. Commercial farmers
C. Less water to grow, resistant to pests
B. European entrepreneurs
and diseases
C. Also hunter-gatherers
D. increased profits to seed companies,
happier farmers and happy plants. D. Most likely males

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 62

500. The clay-rich layer left behind after the 506. BT corn contains genes from which type
dust storms of the Dust Bowl. of organism?
A. A Horizon A. reptile
B. B Horizon B. plant
C. C Horizon C. fish
D. none of above
D. bacteria

NARAYAN CHANGDER
501. Growing different crops in succession in
the same field. This helps r eplenish soil 507. The European Union refuses to purchase
nutrients. corn and soybeans from the United States
because
A. clear cutting
A. the pricesare too high.
B. crop rotation
B. they are opposed to GMO crops.
C. monoculture
D. tillage C. they importcheaper commodities from
our competitors.
502. Farmers that produce food that they need D. the prices are lower.
to survive on a daily basis are called
A. Commercial agriculture 508. Most of the nutrients in soil comes from
B. Industrial agriculture A. chemical weathering
C. Slash-and-burn agriculture B. mechanical weathering
D. subsistence agriculture C. erosion
503. Which is not a reason for the inequality D. decomposition
of resource use across the world?
A. social reasons 509. A high traffic area is likely to have what
effect on soil?
B. economic reasons
A. decrease in nutrients
C. political reasons
B. increased compaction
D. religious reasons
C. increased aeration
504. Pesticides kill ?
D. leaching
A. Weeds and insects
B. Insects and other pests 510. Desertification usually occurs when
C. Weeds only A. humans leave an area alone to un-
D. Insects only dergo secondary succession
B. soil productivity decreases due to
505. Which organisms contain DNA?
drought and poor farming practices
A. Only plants
C. winds carry large amounts of sand
B. Both plants and animals from nearby deserts
C. Only animals D. irrigation water is continually used in
D. Neither plants nor animals arid regions of the country

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1.3 Agriculture and Environment 63

511. What kind of food do we waste the 516. How are aquatic dead zones created?
most? A. Using fertilizers and runoff

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A. Fruit, vegetables B. Spraying pollen and rockslides
B. Sweets C. Climate change
C. Dairy products D. Walls changing migration patterns
D. Herbs and spices
517. Which crop is associated with intensive
512. Which of the following best describes a agriculture?
hormone free chicken? A. Corn
A. Broad-spectrum chemical free chick- B. Rice
ens
C. Wheat
B. Chickens with no exposure to chemical
pesticides D. Cotton
C. Most all of the chickens on the market 518. What percentage of calories fed to cows
are hormone free in the first place. It’s an gets turned into beef?
advertising gimmick. A. 52
D. The chickens in Scurry County B. 33
513. On the food chain to the right, which C. 18
organism would you expect to have the D. 3
biggest concentration (and health effects)
from the buildup of a synthetic pesticide in 519. Which of the following is not a condition
an ecosystem? necessary for germination?
A. The clovers A. Water
B. The snail B. Oxygen
C. The thrush C. Warmth
D. The sparrowhawk D. Soil

514. The result of overgrazing in semi-arid cli- 520. Why are seeds important?
mates is A. to produce the next generation of plant
A. environmental modification
B. desertification B. to act as a food store
C. aquaculture C. the cotyledon contains the first green
D. desalination leaves
D. All of the above
515. How long does it take for a clearing to
be used for farming again after Slash and 521. A process in which mixed garbage is
Burn ag? burned at very high temperatures is:
A. 1-3 years A. recovery
B. 4-15 years B. incineration
C. 6-20 years C. leachate
D. 8-23 years D. source reduction

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 1.4 Soil and Agriculture 64

522. In Von Thunen’s Model what was past his B. Subsistence farming
last ring? C. Monoculture
A. Nothing D. none of above
B. Unoccupied wilderness
524. Overuse of pesticides may result in ,
C. There was 8 rings the ability to survive a pesticide.
D. This was new settlements of people A. immunity

NARAYAN CHANGDER
523. Farmers who grow only enough for per- B. determination
sonal or local use. C. resistance
A. Sustainable farming D. persistance

1.4 Soil and Agriculture

1. This is made of a mixture of weathered C. silt-clay-sand
rock particles and organic material (hu- D. clay-silt-sand
mus).
A. Soil 5. What can be grown on lower slopes of
hill?
B. Bedrock
A. Cotton
C. Regolith
B. Tea
D. Monolith
C. Millets
2. Recommended soil pH to maintain phos- D. Pulses
phorous in the soil.
6. Loamy soil with a dark color is good for
A. 6.5 - 7.5
A. farming
B. 6 - 6.5
B. construction
C. 6 -7
C. a lake
D. 6.5 - 7
D. nothing
3. Which type of soil is best for growing
plants? 7. Agriculture most likely began
A. 10, 000 years ago in the Middle East.
A. clay
B. 200, 000 years ago in Africa.
B. sand
C. 15, 000 years ago in China.
C. dirt
D. 150, 000 years ago in Egypt.
D. loam
8. Sustainable Agriculture
4. Which of the following is the correct order
of soil particles in order of increasing par- A. increases biodiversity
ticle size? B. reduces soil erosion
A. clay-sand-silt C. improves soil fertility
B. sand-clay-silt D. all of these choice s

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1.4 Soil and Agriculture 65

9. It is the artificial application of water to 14. An example of a soil parentmaterial is

the land or soil. A. humus.

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A. Irrigation B. volcanic rock.
B. Propagation C. leaf litter.
C. Revegetation D. topsoil.
D. Soil consolidation 15. Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio

10. All of the following statements about the A. 65 carbon : 35 nitrogen

degradation of soil by climate change are B. 75 carbon : 25 nitrogen
true EXCEPT C. 85 carbon : 15 nitrogen
A. Increased flooding in coastal areas D. 55 carbon : 45 nitrogen
leads to soil desalinization.
16. Farm animals such as Cows, Buffaloes and
B. Increased global temperature pro-
Sheep are known as?
duces more deserts.
A. Cattle
C. Decreased precipitation produces
more deserts. B. Livestock

D. Increased evaporation of water leads C. Domestic animals

to soil salinization D. Pets

11. Bokashi’s fermentation period 17. Which of the following can result from
soils that are too acidic?
A. 20 days
A. they create acid-mine drainage
B. 1 1/2 weeks
B. they can leach soluble heavy metals
C. 13 days
C. they can adversely affect aquatic life
D. 1 week D. they can cause neurological damage in
unborn children
12. Where does most of the water go when it
rains? 18. A tool used to identify a soil type
A. in the ocean A. punnett square
B. in the rivers B. soil triangle
C. in the gutters C. soil porosity flow chart

D. it absorbs into the soil D. LD50 graph

19. Weathering is
13. Decomposition is
A. rocks, grass, and mud.
A. nature’s way of recycling.
B. the breakdown of rocks into smaller
B. the breaking down of once living plants pieces
and animals.
C. the breakdown of wind, rain, and fric-
C. decaying tion
D. all of the above D. the weather outside

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1.4 Soil and Agriculture 66

20. Which of the following best describes in- 25. Which is NOT a outcome of overgrazing?
dustrialized agriculture? A. Decreased biodiversity
A. Consumes large amounts of fossil fu- B. Soil Degredation
els, pesticides, and water
C. Increased water infiltration
B. Uses human labor and draft animals to
grow crops D. Decreased plant growth

C. Rows of crop plants are interspersed 26. The efficiency of conversion of animal feed

NARAYAN CHANGDER
with rows of trees to production weight is known as
D. Uses little water or fossil fuels; relies A. FCR
on human labor B. CAFO
21. What are monocultures? C. RATIO
A. Groups of people who practice one D. the pig market
method of farming.
27. One way to prevent colony collapse disor-
B. Large expanses of a single crop type. der
C. A farming method where one type of A. create wildflower buffers near farms
pesticide is used. and highways
D. A farming where multiple crops are B. plant trees near rivers
planted in one field.
C. heavily use irrigation
22. Plant food element responsible for green- D. use insecticides
ing of the leaves
28. Ellen grabs a topsoil sample in her hand.
A. B
She rolls it into a ball. The soil feels gritty
B. C and the ball falls apart. What part of the
C. O topsoil most likely made the topsoil feel
gritty?
D. None of the above
A. clay
23. Liter layer, mostly undecided materials B. sand
A. A horizon C. silt
B. B horizon D. humus
C. O horizon 29. A farmer has an infestation of aphids and
D. E horizon green flies. He introduces ladybugs, which
prey on aphids, and uses a limited dose
24. It is the process of removing unwanted of a pesticide to deal with the flies. The
plants. farmer’s approach to insect pests is
A. Crop filtering A. chemical control.
B. Grass removal B. biological control.
C. Weeding C. integrated pest management.
D. none of above D. organic pest management.

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1.4 Soil and Agriculture 67

30. When there are not enough plants to hold 35. What can you do to promote sustainable
topsoil in place, water and carry the food production
topsoil away, leaving the subsoil exposed

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE

A. eat less meat
A. sunlight B. buy certified organic products
B. birds C. eat locally grown food
C. magnetic fields D. all of these
D. wind
36. Which of these would be least likely to af-
31. Sustainable agriculture is important be- fect water holding capacity of soil?
cause while human population continues to A. humus
grow, which of the following will not?
B. pesticide
A. animal population
C. sand
B. arable land
D. clay
C. food production
37. decomposition is important because it
D. GM crops
A. gets rid of dead organisms
32. These are some problems that are associ- B. returns nutrients to the soil
ated with agriculture Except
C. creates soil
A. Land tenure, Marketing, technical
knowledge D. is a part of the circle of life

B. Rural infrastructure, credit, praedial 38. “A tree root was found wrapped around a
larceny large mass of rock splitting it into smaller
C. Climate, topography, trade pieces” the scenario BEST describes which
aspect of weathering?
D. Subsidies, biotechnology, genetic engi-
neering A. Chemical
B. Physical
33. Which is neither a Kharif nor a Rabi crop?
C. Abrasion
A. Cotton
D. Biological
B. Pulses
39. A farmer interested in raising healthy
C. Sugarcane
crops should look for a
D. Ragi
A. heavy clay soil with a high pH and a
dark color.
34. The type of soil formed is determined by
horizon. B. loamy soil with a low pH and a light
color.
A. c horizon (subsoil)
C. loamy, clumpy soil with a neutral pH
B. R horizon (regolith/bedrock)
and a dark color.
C. A horizon (topsoil)
D. sandy soil with a high pH, no clumps,
D. O horizon (humus) and a light color.

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1.4 Soil and Agriculture 68

40. You would expect to find most farmers 45. No rain at all for a long period of time
who use GM crops living in causes?
A. relatively poor, undeveloped countries. A. Drought
B. Flood
B. countries with strong environmental
protection laws. C. Earthquake

C. countries with weak environmental D. None of these

laws.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
46. Which of the following best describes the
D. relatively wealthy, developed country Green Revolution?
41. Fermentation period of fortified organic A. An international effort to stop the con-
fertilizer. struction of nuclear power plants
A. 20 days B. A group whose goal is to improve how
B. 1 1/2 weeks nations affect the environment
C. 13 days C. Increasing the yield of farmland by us-
D. 1 week ing more fertilizer, better irrigation, and
faster growing crops
42. Which statement BEST summarizes the
D. A method of getting more people to re-
Tragedy of the Commons?
cycle paper and cardboard
A. Self-interestsoutweigh public interest
B. Publicinterests outweigh self-interest 47. Which method, according to you, can bring
about the maximum increase in crop pro-
C. Itis all right to be selfish as long as you duction in our country in future?
think of the big picture.
A. Increasing land under cultivation
D. Itis a tragedy when biodiversity disap-
pears. B. Using more manures and fertilisers

43. What was one of the major causes of the C. Less wastage in storage
Dust Bowl? D. Using better varieties of crop plants
A. Cold and windy weather
48. When land becomes more desertlike be-
B. Increasing prices and demand for cause of human activity or climate change.
crops
A. Erosion
C. Removal of grasses and overfarming
B. Desertification
D. Sandy soil composition that would not
stay in place C. Salinization

44. The soil that we know now was formed D. Compost

by
49. The most fertile soil is known as?
A. Rocks
A. Alluvial soil
B. Weathered rock fragments with or-
ganic matter, water and air B. Red soil
C. Inorganic materials from rocks C. Black soil
D. None of the above D. All of these

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1.4 Soil and Agriculture 69

50. Groundnuts and Pulses are grown in which 55. Silt and sand are concentrated here
soil? A. A horizon

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A. Red soil B. B horizon
B. Black soil C. E horizon
C. Desert soil D. O horizon
D. Alluvial soil
56. What is undernutrition?
51. What can you add to a compost pile to help A. Receiving too many calories than rec-
the organic material decompose? ommended; commonly causes heart dis-
A. Food Scraps ease.
B. Water B. Lack of specific nutrients, like vitamins
and minerals, in the diet.
C. Sticks
C. Receiving fewer calories than the min-
D. Earthworms
imum dietary requirements.
52. Which type of soil can hold the greatest D. Severe deficiency of calories, less than
amount of water? 200 a day: not enough calories are taken
A. sand in for daily activities and human function.
B. silt 57. Term that refers to a dry climate
C. clay A. arable
D. loam B. taiga
53. CHOOSE the option which BEST describes C. arid
non-conventional farming systems: D. temperate
A. System that utilises natural ways of
58. Climate which favours agriculture
growing crops
A. Hot and humid
B. An agricultural practice that incorpo-
rates the use of natural methods namely B. Dry and cold
organic farming, hydroponics, and grow C. Hot and dry
boxes to produce healthy crops for con-
D. Moist and low temperature
sumption and the environment.
C. A system of farming that utilizes in- 59. How would you describe the texture of
organic chemicals such as pesticides to “sandy” soil?
spray crops A. sticky
D. All of the above B. gritty
54. The process of soil formation takes how C. smooth
many years? D. slimy
A. Ten 60. Fertilizer use for treatment of pond, lakes,
B. Hundred rivers, sewage systems
C. Thousand A. Bokashi
D. Millions B. Mud ball

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1.4 Soil and Agriculture 70

C. Fortified compost fertilizer 66. For Rabaris of Gujarat and Rajasthan,

which animal is a part of their life?
D. Fortified organic fertilizer
A. Cow
61. The is the topmost layer of the soil. It B. Camel
is dark brown coloured soil which mainly
consists of organic matter, decomposed C. Buffalo
material and many living organisms includ- D. Goat
ing some microbes, earthworms and other

NARAYAN CHANGDER
worms 67. FOOD

A. R horizon (regolith/bedrock) A. HELPS IN GROWTH

B. PROTECTS US FROM DIFFERENT DIS-
B. C horizon (subsoil)
EASES
C. A horizon (topsoil)
C. GIVES ENERGY TO TO PERFORM DIF-
D. b horizon (subsoil) FERENT ACTIVITIES
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
62. India ranks in egg production.
A. First 68. Soil sizes of particles

B. Third A. Soil texture

B. Soil profile
C. Fifth
C. Soil solumn
D. Seventh
D. Parent rock
63. It involves knowledge of farm machines or
69. it means garden culture.
equipment and their proper uses.
A. Agriculture
A. Agriculture
B. Horticulture
B. Animal Science
C. Agronomy
C. Agricultural Engineering
D. Landscaping
D. Agricultural Science
70. Chicken, Geese, Turkeys and Ducks are
64. Nitrogen fixing bacteria. reared on which farms?
A. Lactobacillus A. Poultry
B. Bifidobacteria B. Fish

C. Rhizobium C. Dairy

D. none of above D. All of these

71. Who is known as “friend of farmers” as

65. Percentage of organic matter in the soil. it helps to turn over soil?
A. 5% A. Cow
B. 80% B. Earthworm
C. 10% C. Pesticides
D. 50% D. Fertilizers

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1.4 Soil and Agriculture 71

72. The concentration of a toxin that will re- 77. Which cattle breed produces an average of
sult in the loss of 50% of a population 6, 150 kg of milk a year?

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A. LD50 A. Gir
B. CAFO B. Deoni
C. NH4 C. Jersey
D. TP50 D. Holstein

73. The Caribbean Development bank (CDB), 78. The soil is made of FOUR major compo-
CARICOM, Caribbean Agricultural Re- nents, which sequence BEST represents
search and Development Institute (CARDI) this
are all examples of A. Water, dirt, minerals, and air
A. International Agencies in Agricultural B. Organic matter, air, fossils and pri-
development mary minerals
B. Financial institutions involved in agri- C. Organic matter, Inorganic matter, wa-
culture ter, air
C. Regional institutions involved in Agri- D. All of the above
culture development
79. Mature soil forms
D. None if the above A. very rapidly
74. The layer where minerals that were B. over thousands of years
leached out of layers above accumulate C. within 2-3 years
A. A horizon D. never
B. B horizon
80. On desert farms continual use of irrigation
C. E horizon can cause large mineral deposits on surface
D. O horizon of the soil and lead to this condition
A. water logging
75. When land becomes more desert-like be-
B. salinization
cause of human activity, overgrazing, etc.
C. soil erosion
A. Erosion
D. all of these
B. Desertification
C. Salinization 81. What are shelterbelts?

D. Compost A. Rows of trees or other tall plants that

are places along a field, developed area,
76. This type of weathering occurs when rock or road to decrease wind speeds and pre-
is physically broken down into smaller vent soil disturbance
pieces of rock. B. Trees planted in urban areas like cities
A. mechanical weathering to prevent wind damage and increase air
quality.
B. chemical weathering
C. Planting tall trees or plants on top of
C. erosion weathering buildings in cities to increase air quality
D. deposition and decrease the urban island effect.

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1.4 Soil and Agriculture 72

D. Areas of trees planted between urban 87. A mixture of soil, loam, and detritus; the
and suburban areas. topsoil
82. A rancher interested in the quality of the A. A horizon
soil in her pasture might use which aspect B. B horizon
of soil as a quick indicator of the pasture’s
overall fertility? C. E horizon
A. color D. O horizon

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. smell
88. “Round-up ready” crops are genetically
C. structure modified to
D. pH and Taste A. be resistant to glyphosates
83. A loam soil structure allows for seeds that B. resist freezing temperatures
are planted in it to grow and flourish. the
C. reproduce quickly and enable farmers
plants roots has adequate space that al-
to save seeds
lows for the passage of in the soil. The
soil is described as having good D. be easier to harvest
A. earthwormswater
89. What grows well in black soil?
B. microorganismair
A. Rice
C. waterwater holding capacity
B. Wheat
D. water retentionpore space
C. Groundnut
84. Movement of soil and rocks from one place
to another is called D. Cotton
A. weathering 90. GM foods are engineered to resist herbi-
B. humus cides so that
C. erosion A. humans won’t be put at health risk
D. none of above from pesticides.

85. What are the types of weathering that the B. insect pests will avoid the crops.
soil undergo? C. the crops will grow more efficiently.
A. Physical, chemical and traditional D. farmers can use heavier doses of pes-
B. Chemical, physical and hydration ticides for weeds without killing the crop
plants.
C. Biological, parent material, chemical
D. Biological, physical and chemical 91. To solve the problem of climate faced due
to scarcity of rain, Government is helping
86. types of farming meet farmer’s family is
by?
known as
A. subsistence farming A. Cooperative farming

B. commercial farming B. Lending money

C. mixed farming C. Building canals
D. intensive farming D. Providing tractors

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1.4 Soil and Agriculture 73

92. In which soil crops cannot grow? 97. Organic Farming

A. Desert soil A. increases biodiversity

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B. Red soil B. reduces soil erosion
C. Mountain soil C. improves soil fertility
D. Black soil D. all of these

93. Which of the following is NOT considered 98. Place kept for grazing of animals such as
as Macronutrients? Goats and Sheep is known as?

A. C A. Estate

B. O B. Pastures
C. Plantations
C. B
D. Breeding
D. Ca
99. Topsoil contains the nutrients for plants to
94. When a farmer has to use many different grow and it is located in this soil horizon
pesticides to keep the same bug out of his
crop we call it A. A

A. pesticide overuse syndrome B. C

B. the chemical effect C. O

C. pesticide syndrome D. B

D. the treadmill effect 100. Plant food element responsible for early
root formation and growth.
95. What are the two ways nitrogen gas is
A. N
turned into a form plants and animals can
use? B. P
A. lightning & bacteria C. K
B. bacteria & worms D. None of the above

C. lightning & worms 101. Soil composed of the finest particles

D. bacteria & fungi A. clay

96. You dig a small hole in the soil and the next B. silt
day it rains. The hole fills with water, but C. humus
does not empty even after several days D. loam
of dry weather. What is the soil mostly
made of? 102. Which is NOT a factor in soil texture?
A. clay A. Clay
B. sand B. Precipitation
C. humus C. Silt
D. silt D. Sand

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1.4 Soil and Agriculture 74

103. Decayed organic material turns into dark D. The growing of a single crop in one par-
colored material called ticular area over many years
A. litter 108. The organic matter in soil is
B. clay A. humus
C. humus B. bits of rock
D. soil C. minerals

NARAYAN CHANGDER
104. Choose the option that best describes D. all of the above
food security
109. Which of the following is a secondary
A. A nation should be able to to feed itself plant food element?
first and foremost
A. N
B. Encouragement of local production
and supplementing with importation B. P

C. Access to sufficient, safe and nutri- C. Mg

tious food D. Mn
D. All of the above 110. Which farming technique is often used on
105. What is the repeated movement of nitro- sustainable farms?
gen compounds between the atmosphere, A. Heavy pesticide use
the soil, and living organisms? B. Natural pest control
A. the carbon cycle C. Monocultures
B. the water cycle D. Plowing and tilling
C. the nitrogen cylce
111. An extreme example of over use of the
D. none of above land coupled with a severe drought was
106. is recognised as a powerful supple- known as
ment in inventing new hybrid varieties of A. the Dust Bowl
seeds. B. the Cabbage Bowl
A. Food Corporation of India C. the Bole Weevil
B. Genetic Engineering D. the Bowling Alley
C. Cash Crop
112. What is the movement of soil from one
D. none of above place to another?
107. What does monoculture mean? A. weathering
A. A game to acquire as much money and B. deposition
property as possible C. discharge
B. The growing of multiple crops in one D. erosion
particular area over many years
C. The growing of multiple types of an- 113. Chemicals used to kill insects, weeds, and
imals in one particular area over many other pests
years A. Salinization

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1.4 Soil and Agriculture 75

B. Pesticide C. Irrigation
C. Biological pest control D. Agriculture

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D. Genetic engineering 119. It is the process of growing plants and
raising animals for food, clothing, and
114. One method that may keep slash and
other useful products.
burn farming from being repeated, is to
use A. Agriculture

A. alley cropping B. Animal Science

C. Agricultural Engineering
B. the army to stop the practice
D. Agricultural Science
C. monoculture
D. more pesticides 120. Genetic engineering relies on place in a
gene that codes for a desired trait into the
115. Which of these would have the greater of a different organism from the or-
amount of humus? ganism where the gene was originally har-
A. topsoil vested.
A. protein
B. subsoil
B. amino acid
C. bedrock
C. helix
D. E horizon
D. genome
116. What soil type is typically found on the
121. What are some things that you can add
top of soil?
to a compost pile?
A. Humus because it made up of dead, or-
A. leaves, apple core, and tin foil
ganic matter
B. grass clippings, banana peel, and
B. Loam because it is lighter than the newspaper
other layers
C. egg shells, plastic spoon, and ziploc
C. Clay because it is not able to fit bags
through the finer particles
D. metal fork, rubber spatula, and
D. Rock because the other layers are shoelaces
more dense
122. What are the three components of soil?
117. Overuse of the aquifer could cause A. insects, sand, topsoil
another soil catastrophe in the mid-west.
B. clay, sand, humus
A. Ogallala
C. topsoil, subsoil, bedrock
B. surface
D. earthworms, sand, silt
C. ocean
123. As a farmer, you would be most con-
D. glacial cerned with the quality of the soil in the
118. The organic substance obtained from A. O horizon.
dead plants and animal wastes is B. A horizon.
A. Manure C. E horizon.
B. Fertilizer D. R horizon.

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1.4 Soil and Agriculture 76

124. It is the initial cultivation of the soil in 130. Fish farming is also known as?
preparation for sowing seed or planting to A. Pisciculture
loosen or turn the soil.
B. Cattle breeding
A. Plowing
C. Dairy farming
B. Soil Preparation
D. None of these
C. Leveling
D. Sowing 131. Which soil type is the best at retaining

NARAYAN CHANGDER
water?
125. What is the term used when plant of the
A. Loam
same kind are grown and cultivated at one
place on a large scale? B. Sand
A. farming C. Clay
B. vegetable farming D. Silt
C. crop 132. Weeds can be defined as
D. plant A. Useful plants present in the field
126. Which soil particle is the SMALLEST? B. Undesirable plants present in the field
A. sand
B. silt C. Plants that cannot be used at all
C. clay D. Undesirable insects present in the
field.
D. they are all the same size
133. Which of these shows the correct order
127. what is cultivation of vegetable and or-
of the soil horizons?
namental plants called?
A. ORCAB
A. horticulture
B. pisciculture B. ABCDE

C. sericulture C. OAEBCR

D. viticulture D. ROABC

128. What is the required amount of organic 134. Date and Palm trees can be grown in
matter in organic agriculture which soil?
A. 50% A. Alluvial soil
B. 40% B. Red soil
C. 30% C. Mountain soil
D. 20% D. Desert soil

129. Soil rich in organic matter 135. What soil is best for growing plants?
A. clay A. clay
B. humus B. sand
C. loam C. mud
D. sand D. topsoil

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1.4 Soil and Agriculture 77

136. Moisture content of organic fertilizer. 140. It is the process of planting seeds.
A. 35%-40% A. Initial planting

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B. 25% -40% B. Seeding
C. 30%-40% C. Leveling
D. 25%-35% D. Sowing

137. As an agriculture science student, explain 141. agriculture is defined as

to a group of farmers THREE ways in A. art and science of cultivating the soil
which global warming is likely to affect and rising crop and livestock
their crops and animal production. B. science of cultivating
A. disrupt food availability C. art of cultivating the soil and rising
B. increase in temperatures and extreme crop
weather conditions D. science of cultivating livestock
C. changes in rainfall patterns
142. Which layer in the soil will have the
D. All of the above greatest concentration of organic nutri-
ents?
138. The average food item in the United
States travels 2400 km to reach the buyer. A. A
One alternative to this energy-inefficient B. B
practice is C. C
A. treating the food with preservative D. O
chemicals.
B. buying locally produced food. 143. Salinization of soil can be caused by all of
the following EXCEPT
C. buying organic food.
A. flooding in coastal areas
D. buying GM food.
B. rising temperatures
139. How is mechanical weathering different C. excessive irrigation
from chemical weathering? D. drip irrigation
A. Chemical weathering happens over
much shorter time frame than mechanical 144. Breaking down or wearing away of rocks
weathering. is called

B. Chemical weathering changes the A. weathering

chemical composition of rocks; mechan- B. humus
ical weathering does not. C. erosion
C. Chemical weathering occurs only in D. none of above
tropical climates; mechanical weathering
occurs only in cool climates. 145. Many plants cannot grow in clay soil.
D. Chemical weathering occurs only in Why is this true?
the mountains; mechanical weathering oc- A. Clay soil does not have many nutrients.
curs only on flat land.

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1.4 Soil and Agriculture 78

B. Roots cannot easily push through clay 151. Color of the soil can tell you
soil. A. soil pollution
C. Water doesn’t drain well through clay. B. a quick answer if the soil is healthy for
farming
D. All of these choice s.
C. whether you need to add more nutri-
146. Which of the following is rich in organic ents
nutrients? D. how much it has rained

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Potash
152. A resistance to pesticides can cause
B. Ammonium Sulphate
A. cancer
C. Urea
B. altered DNA
D. Compost
C. biotech foods
147. weathering D. super bugs
A. can cause droughts
153. Which chemical controls pests
B. starts erosion
A. Fertiliser
C. creates nutrients
B. Pesticide
D. creates soil
C. Herbicide
148. Which of the following is not a type of
soil? D. Fungicide

A. minerals 154. is the process of loosening and turn-

B. clay ing of the soil.
C. topsoil A. Threshing
D. sand B. Ploughing
C. Levelling
149. After a catastrophe, soil formation is the
first step in D. Manuring.
A. primary succession. 155. The three numbers on a bag of fertilizer
B. secondary succession. represent all of the following EXCEPT
C. a climax community. A. nitrogen
D. none of above B. phosphorus
150. When plants, animals, and other organ- C. magnesium
isms die, they break down and become D. potassium
part of the soil. What is this part of the
soil called? 156. The science of agriculture includes
A. sand A. Management of plants and animals
B. silt B. Management of plants
C. clay C. Management of animals
D. humus D. Management of humans.

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1.4 Soil and Agriculture 79

157. The deep, underlying non-soil materials C. Gathering

A. B horizon D. Selling

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B. E horizon
163. The Fertilizer which do not use soil in
C. O horizon
preparation.
D. Bedrock
A. Bokashi
158. Which type of irritation results in the B. Mud ball
greatest amount of water lost to evapora-
tion?I. Flood irrigationII. Drip irrigationIII. C. Fortified compost fertilizer
Low-pressure central pivot irrigation D. Fortified organic fertilizer
A. I only
B. II only 164. Soil erosion is the process by which the

C. III only A. the land surface(top soil) is removed

by wind, water or ice
D. II and III
B. formation of soil form rocks
159. Which of these would be the first
step when using Integrated Pest Manage- C. rusting of soil
ment? D. None of the above
A. Crop Rotation (Cultivation method)
165. overgrazing, overcropping, and defor-
B. Chemical Pesticides
estation impact erosion because of
C. Nets (Mechanical Removal)
A. weathering
D. Introducing a predator species
B. soil
160. Soil with the largest pores
C. humans
A. clay
D. wind
B. humus
C. sand 166. Classification of plant which life cycle is
D. silt completed in one season only.
A. Annual
161. Which of the following is the largest par-
ticle in soil? B. Biennial
A. sand C. Perennial
B. silt D. Seasonal
C. humus
167. One advantage to confined animal feed-
D. clay
ing operations is their
162. It is the process of gathering mature A. efficiency
plants from the fields and marks the end
of the growing season of the crop. B. pollution
A. Marketing C. use of antibiotics
B. Harvesting D. humane treatment of the animals

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 1.5 Terrace Farming 80

168. All the following are examples of the role C. bioaccumulation of pesticides
and importance of agriculture except: D. lower death rates
A. Foreign exchange
170. Your friend tells you she’s decided not
B. Food security to use pesticides or synthetic chemicals on
C. Marginalization her farm; instead she’ll rely on composting
and biological pest control. She is practic-
D. Employment ing

NARAYAN CHANGDER
169. All of the following are negative impacts A. industrial agriculture.
of food production EXCEPT B. monoculture.
A. increased erosion C. organic agriculture.
B. air pollution from fossil fuels D. sustainable agriculture.

1.5 Terrace Farming

1. Crops that cannot be grown using terrace 5. what is the most basic type of farming usu-
farming are ally run by a family who work on their
A. Coffee own land??

B. Sugarcane A. conventional farming

B. mixed farming
C. Rice
C. subsistence farming
D. Fruits
D. commercial farming
2. Which crop is grown using Terrace Farm-
ing? 6. Which crop is grown using terrace farming
A. Rice A. Rice

B. Tea B. Potato

C. Maize C. Coffee
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
7. What is another name for terrace farm-
3. What are the types of terrace farming
ing?
A. Bench farming A. Roof farming
B. Ridge farming B. Top farming
C. All of the above C. Step farming
D. None of the above D. Slope farming
4. Where did Inca people live? 8. What are the types of Terrace Farming?
A. Mexico A. Bench Farming
B. North America B. Ridge Farming
C. South America C. all of the above
D. Central America D. none of the above

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1.5 Terrace Farming 81

9. Bench terracing is also called as 15. What do farmers use to manage water?
A. Hill farming A. Pipes

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B. Staircase farming B. Hose
C. Erosion control farming C. Aqueducts
D. None of these D. Well

10. what does the word terrace mean?? 16. What is the right statement about Terrace
Farming from the Following?
A. roof top
A. It reduces growth of crops
B. stairs
B. It reduces the speed of wind
C. farm
C. It prevents soil erosion
D. none of above
D. It is done on plains
11. why is farming done on mountains
17. Who invented terrace farming?
A. it is easy to do
A. Africans
B. it is different to do
B. America
C. since it looks good
C. UK
D. preventing soil erosion due to heavy
D. Wari culture and other peoples of the
rains
south-central Andes
12. The kind of farming through which steep
18. Terrace Farming is done in which region?
areas can also be used for cultivation is
classified as A. Mountains
A. Forestation B. Coastal
B. Deforestation C. Plains
C. Terrace Farming D. Sea
D. Conventional Farming 19. Terrace farming is practised in the areas
where land is
13. terrace farming is also called
A. too hot
A. mountain farming
B. too wet
B. mixed farming
C. prone to insects
C. step farming
D. too steep
D. sedentary farming
20. What is terrace farming
14. Step farming is performed on
A. Farming on the terrace
A. Slope of hills
B. Farmers cut steps on the mountains to
B. Dry areas grow crops and maze
C. Peak of hills C. Farmers farming on a piece of land
D. Terraces D. none of above

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1.5 Terrace Farming 82

21. Where did the Inca people live? C. Punjab

A. South America D. Gujarat
B. Mexico 28. where is terrace farming done
C. North America
A. on mountain steps
D. Central America
B. on the terrace
22. Which crop can’t be grown well on higher C. in a swimming pool
altitudes

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of the above
A. Potato
B. Maize 29. What do you mean by terrace farming?

C. Rice A. It is the method if growing crops for

them selves
D. Barley
B. Terrace cultivation, method of growing
23. Which of these is not a type of Terrace crops on sides of hills or mountains by
Farming? planting on graduated terraces built into
A. Bench Type the slope.
B. Ridge Type C. It is the method by which farmers man-
C. Roof Farming age water

D. none of above D. It is a method by which farmers pre-

vent soil erosion form happening
24. What are the advantages of Terrace Farm-
ing? 30. Which state is known as Apple state of In-
dia.
A. It reduces floods
A. Himachal Pradesh
B. It prevents soil erosion
B. Jammu & Kashmir
C. It provides more area of land for culti-
vation C. Nagaland
D. All the options D. Uttarakhand

25. Terrace Farming helps to 31. Why is terrace farming done on moun-
A. Prevent Soil Erosion tains??
B. Prevent Water Loss A. It is different to do
C. Prevent carrying away of plants B. It is easy to do
D. All the Above C. Since it looks good
D. Preventing soil erosion due to heavy
26. Soil erosion is caused because of
rains
A. Cutting down of trees
B. Terrace farming 32. Which farming method helps in reducing
soil erosion?
C. Afforestation
A. Arable Farming
D. None of the above
B. Extensive Farming
27. In India, Terrace Farming is practiced in
C. Terrace Farming
A. Haryana
D. Intensive Farming
B. Uttarakhand
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 1.6 Hill Sheep Farming 83

1.6 Hill Sheep Farming

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE

1. Where is the farm located? a. Oklahoma 6. Who travelled to Denmark?
b. New Mexico c. New York d. Texas A. Allen
A. a B. Great Grandfather Wayne
B. b C. David
C. c
D. none of above
D. d
7. How many students can the farm hold? a.
2. What does athletics do for the students at 200 b. 100 c. 225 d. 300
Happy Hill Farms? a. builds self-discipline
A. a
b. builds trust c. breaks communication
barriers d. both a and b B. b
A. a C. c
B. b D. d
C. c 8. What is the name of the tractor?
D. d A. Sara
3. How do the farmers earn most of their B. Faithful Ebenezer
money? C. Faithful Red Lion
A. By selling the meat of the sheep. D. none of above
B. By selling the sheep at a nearby mar-
ket. 9. Who ran the Smiling Hill Dairy?
C. By shaving and selling the wool from A. Aunt Sara
the sheep. B. Cousin John
D. By having the sheep eat the leftover C. Martin
grasses of the summer time.
D. none of above
4. There are three parts of a hill side farm.
10. Where did a hill sheep farm get its name?
Which part do you think is the best for
sheep to graze? A. It is a sheep farm that is located on a
hill.
A. High fell
B. The sheep farm is close to a hill.
B. Allotment
C. The sheep farm’s name is Hill Farms
C. Inbye
D. none of above
D. none of above

5. Who was the district school teacher? 11. Days are busy and very structured. How-
ever, structure benefits these students be-
A. David cause it gives them something to depend
B. Milly on and teaches them
C. Damaris Drybread A. self discipline
D. none of above B. blandness

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1.6 Hill Sheep Farming 84

C. lack of discipline B. Cousin John

D. indulgence. C. Uncle Willam

12. How are the children divided in the home? D. none of above
a. check and level system b. level and star 17. What do the sheep eat in the winter when
system c. check and box system d. none grazing is not always possible?
of the above
A. Leftover grasses that sick out of the
A. a snow.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. b B. They eat the grasses of the pastures
C. c that do not have snow.
D. d C. They eat the oats, barley and turnips
that were grown during the summer and
13. Modern machinery are not used on a hill stored in large barns.
side farm. Why do you think that is?
D. They go to the farm house and eat the
A. Because sheep farming does not need food that the farmers give them.
a lot a machinery.
18. What do the farmers do in the winter to
B. Because machinery are very expen-
keep the weaker sheep safe?
sive and sheep farmers cannot afford it.
A. They are brought down to the lower
pastures.
C. Because the rain in Britain will destroy
the machinery. B. They are kept in a bran.
D. Because the valley sides are too steep C. They are sold before the winter comes.
and inaccessible for tractors.
D. They are given extra nutrients and vi-
14. What discipline rearing theory does the
tamins to keep them healthy.
farm use? a. Moore Discipline Theory b.
Lee Canter Discipline Theory c. Scottish 19. Sheep farming plays an important role in
Right Discipline Theory d. all of the above South African and makes a major con-
A. a tribution in respect of animal fibre, meat
and dairy products.
B. b
A. agriculture
C. c
B. tourism
D. d
C. sports
15. Who married the governor’s nephew?
D. none of above
A. Aunt Sara
20. Who taught Milly how to make
B. Penny Sauerkraut?
C. Rachel Morgan A. Aunt Sara
D. none of above B. Minnie
16. Who was the clock peddler? C. Betsey
A. Alonzo Fish D. none of above

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 1.7 Desertification and its Control 85

1.7 Desertification and its Control

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE

1. what is desertification 6. Desertification is the most serious at the
A. a mixture of hills and rain. of deserts.
B. Desertification is a type of land degra- A. edge
dation in which a dry area becomes a B. centre
desert.
C. southern part
C. desertification is when you sneeze and
your country becomes a desert. D. western part
D. desertification is when a desert area 7. Which has been a major cause of desertifi-
becomes a green land. cation?
2. Magic Stones can also help by A. years of uncontrolled flooding
A. Adding more litter B. overuse of the land by the people
B. Preventing water from washing away C. heavy seasonal winds coming off the
the nutrients desert
C. By washing away the nutrients D. sharp and unexpected changes in the
D. To drink climate
3. The definition of Desertification is 8. What is the name of the grassland that lies
A. Land that is fertile and able to grow on the southern edge of the desert in North
plants Africa?
B. the process of ocean water losing salt A. Sahel
B. Serengeti
C. the process in which land loses fertil-
ity and ability to grow plants C. Sahara

D. giving humans the advantage of having D. Rift Valleys

fertile soil
9. How much of Africa is covered or prone to
4. An unusually long period of time where lit- Desertification
tle to no rain falls. A. 65%
A. marginal land
B. 15%
B. drought
C. 90%
C. desertification
D. 70%
D. pastoral nomads
10. What term describes the loss of vegeta-
5. In the Sahara and Sahel Region, the coun-
tion and trees?
tries that are located here, are
A. Industrialized A. deforestation
B. Less Developed B. desertification
C. More Developed C. desalinization
D. Highly Populated D. physical scarcity

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1.7 Desertification and its Control 86

11. In the Sahel, overgrazing, poor farming C. destruction

methods, and drought have resulted in a
D. desert
decrease in the grassland region. What is
this process called? 16. Increasing desertification will most likely
A. Deforestation causes
B. Unequal distribution A. an increase in farming
C. Desertification B. a reduction in arable (farmable) land

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Environmental Pollution C. an increase in standard of living
12. How is desertification linked to over culti- D. an increase in infant mortality rate
vation?
17. The U.N. is helping residents fight defor-
A. Over cultivating land leads to more estation by using what method?
crops
A. Encouraging diet of only fish.
B. Land becomes more fertile
B. Helping residents move out of the Sa-
C. The need to produce more food can
hel.
lead to the soil becoming exhausted. It
will turn into dust and become infertile. C. Increased animal husbandry.
D. Land produces high yields D. Training residents to use smarter
farming practices.
13. The Sahel Region is
A. located south of the Sonoran Desert in 18. What is NOT a solution to desertification?
North America. A. Replanting trees
B. located south of the Saharan Desert in B. Filling the soil with organic matter
Africa.
C. Placing rows of stones in the soil
C. is a region located within the Gobi
Desert. D. Cutting down trees
D. is the only known desert located in 19. An economic indicator that would be im-
Eastern Europe. pacted greatly in this region would be
which of the following?
14. Which area of Africa is most at risk for de-
sertification? A. literacy rate
A. The Sahel B. life expectancy
B. The Sahara C. infant mortality rate
C. The rainforests of the Congo River D. all of the above
Basin
D. The Namib Desert of southern Africa 20. Reverse osmosis uses to remove salt.
A. filters
15. The method of removing salt and other
minerals from sea water is: B. wind turbines
A. dehydration C. oxygen
B. desalination D. pressure

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1.7 Desertification and its Control 87

21. Desertification is a major problem in 27. What good is most likely to be shipped on
A. Sahel the Congo River?

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B. Savanna A. petroleum
C. Tropical Rain Forest B. technology
D. Madagascar C. timber
22. Sandstorms and migration are possible D. fresh drinking water
negative consequences of:
28. The desert is the largest desert in the
A. Deforestation
world.
B. Desalination
A. Thar desert
C. Desertification
B. Gobi desert
D. none of above
C. Sahara desert
23. What was the MAIN cause of the Dust
Bowl D. Great Sandy desert
A. Migration 29. Why is soil erosion a cause of desertifica-
B. Grass eaters tion?
C. Desertification A. Soil is covered by trees and plants
D. Nothing B. Linked with desertification due to soil
24. What is a drought? being exposed to wind and rain causing
the soil to be destroyed.
A. Loss in vegetation
C. Vegetation destroyed by flooding
B. Allowing animal herds to consume all
vegetation D. Vegetation destroyed by intensive
C. A long period without rainfall farming

D. When fertile soil turns barren 30. Desertification is the most serious in
25. The ’Great Green Wall’ helps to put what China.
back into the soil? A. Northeast
A. Stones B. Southwest
B. Soil C. Central
C. Trees
D. Northwest
D. Nutrients
31. What affect does the Sahel’s climate and
26. The process by which dry land is trans-
physical characteristics have on population
formed into desert like conditions is
distribution?
called:
A. Few people live here
A. deforestation
B. desertification B. Many people live here
C. evaporation C. There is no effect
D. demarcation D. none of above

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1.7 Desertification and its Control 88

32. What can help Africa less prone to deserti- 38. One of the main causes of desertification
fication? Select All that Apply is
A. Cut off unwanted limbs of trees A. storing water indoors
B. Search for Africa’s Dying part B. overgrazing of livestock
C. Help separate Africa C. clearing trees for larger cities
D. Leave D. people irrigating their farms

NARAYAN CHANGDER
33. The Sahel is a dry region in western 39. process of land turning into desert due to
Africa. deforestation and drought
A. ocean A. deforestation
B. grassland B. desertification
C. desert C. industry
D. fertile D. drought

34. is desertification good? 40. The most common method of desalination

is:
A. Yes
A. heat evaporation
B. No
B. reverse osmosis
C. Maybe
C. solar power
D. Not Sure
D. wind power
35. is an indirect cause of desertification.
41. The process of the desert expanding into
A. Increasing population levels
areas that had formerly been farmland is
B. Niger called
C. Congo A. deforestation.
D. Zambezi B. defarmlandification.
36. All of the following are ways to slow de- C. desertification.
sertification EXCEPT: D. resanding.
A. Protect the top soil
42. What destroyed the grassland and forests
B. rotate crops that were once found in the Sahel?
C. plant trees A. years of heavy flooding
D. increase farming for more crops B. the development of factories

37. Desertification will lead to an increase in C. continuous farming and over-grazing

D. repeated use by nomads and camel
A. degraded land caravans

B. land productivity 43. What best describes Desertification?

C. soil fertility A. Land degradation in dry areas
D. arable land B. Increased rainfall in a region

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1.7 Desertification and its Control 89

C. Frequent and prolonged sandstorms C. human environment interaction

D. When tropical climates see increases D. all of the above

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in humidity
49. Which of the following is NOT a human ac-
44. Which of the following provinces / regions tivity that causes desertification?
has the highest percentage of desertified A. Cutting down trees
area?
B. Drawing out water from wells
A. Inner Mongolia
C. Climate change
B. Ningxia
D. Overgrazing
C. Xinjiang
50. Desertification is:
D. Gansu
A. a naturally occurring event due to con-
45. Desertification can cause a humanitarian tinual droughts
crisis because
B. both natural and a man made activity
A. Large amounts of humanity may be at caused by lack of precipitation and contin-
risk from a lack of food and resulting mal- ual overuse of the land and its resources
nutrition.
B. The increase in deserts will cause a C. is man made but the impact on Earth
lack of fresh, clean water. is very limited
C. Expansion of the desert can lead to a D. is permanent and nothing can be done
loss of homes and farmland, resulting in a to prevent the causes or effects
refugee crisis.
51. A growing population can lead to the need
D. All of the above. for more food, which ultimately can lead
46. Why does overgrazing lead to desertifica- to the need for:
tion? A. Loose top soil
A. Loss of grass destroys the soil. B. Debrine
B. Loss of grass causes droughts. C. Desalination
C. Increase in vegetation destroys the D. none of above
soil.
52. The effects of desertification include
D. Increase in vegetation protects
A. More food
against droughts.
B. More water
47. What is millet?
C. More famine
A. a fish that swims in the Nile
D. More visitors
B. a type of grain
53. Desertification impacts:
C. a farming method
A. less than 10% of Earth’s land
D. a way to rotate crops
B. is limited to the area around Africa’s
48. The CAUSES of desertification are: Sahara and Kalahari deserts
A. drought C. is greater than 75% of Earth’s land
B. flooding D. approximately 1/3 of land on Earth

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1.7 Desertification and its Control 90

54. is considered one of the results of de- 59. How is desertification linked to Population
sertification. Pressure?
A. Destroying a tropical rain forest A. Animals eat vegetation so no grass cut-
around Lake Chad in the southern edge ting is needed
of the Sahel. B. Land is protected by more people so
B. Pollution. desertification is avoided
C. Trade Barrirer C. More people and animals leads to

NARAYAN CHANGDER
greater use of subsistence farming.
D. Water Pollution
D. Population increase can result in land
55. An underground water source that pro- close to edge of deserts being overgrazed,
vides vegetation and well watered land, in more animals eating vegetation leads to
a desert is called an destroyed land.
A. Oasis 60. Which of the following are effects (results)
B. Spout of desertification?

C. River A. overpopulation, poor sanitation, para-

sites
D. Ocean
B. starvation, poverty, migration
56. Which isn’t part of the nutrient cycle C. dams, irrigation, transportation
A. Soil D. logging, settlement, agriculture
B. Biomass 61. Desertification sped up from the late
C. Litter 1960’s to the early 1980’s because of a
severe drought. An effect of this is that
D. Weather

57. With desertification, without the plants A. people chose to stay in rural areas
that held it in place, the fertile topsoil B. the crops were used for commercial
would be sales
A. given new life C. the economy was at an all time high
B. washed away D. crops failed and many people died
C. allowed to have new growth
62. How much of East Africa is prone or cov-
D. multiplied ered to Desertification
A. 65%
58. What are the two reasons why safe, clean
water is hard to find? B. 45%
A. dead bird and whales C. 100%
B. air pollution and fog D. 30%

C. water pollution and unequal access to 63. Which of the following is one of the causes
water of desertification?
D. none of above A. Clearing land for more homes

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1.7 Desertification and its Control 91

B. Cutting trees and bushes for firewood C. Asia

D. Europe

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C. Wild animals eating all of the plants
69. What good is most likely to be shipped on
D. larger numbers of migrating birds the Niger River?
64. Which answer is incorrect The Sahel is A. petroleum
at risk because of B. technology
A. Low population which is decreasing C. timber
B. Changing weather patterns leading to D. fresh drinking water
prolonged drought
70. leads to poor soil.
C. Poor farming practices
A. flooding
D. Over farming leading to soil erosion
B. desertification
65. What is desertification? C. dirty water
A. Land is gradually turned into a desert, D. decreased population
usually on the edges of an existing desert.
71. Which of the following are the causes of
desertification?
B. Area of desert with low precipitation
A. logging, settlement, agriculture
C. The process of turning an cake into a
dessert B. animals grazing, poor soil, poor farm-
ing practices
D. Area at risk of high precipitation
C. overpopulation, poor sanitation, para-
66. Most countries in the SW Asia/North sites
Africa region have little rain fall so they D. dams, irrigation, transportation
use:
72. Is an expansion of dry conditions into
A. spring water
moist areas that are next to deserts.
B. wadi water
A. Ocean
C. desalinated water
B. Forest
D. wells C. Desertification
67. The process by which land becomes in- D. Tundra
creasingly dry to a point of being useless.
73. Dirty water makes it hard for Africans to
A. desertification go to work or school because of illness,
B. marginal land money must be spent on medicine, and
there is no time to work or start a busi-
C. drought
ness because of time spent fetching water.
D. pastoral nomads All of this leads to in Africa.
68. Which of the following continents has the A. Happiness
largest desertified area? B. Healthiness
A. Africa C. Entrepreneurship
B. South America D. Poverty

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1.7 Desertification and its Control 92

74. Which is a result of desertification for the 80. An EFFECT of desertification is:
people living in the Sahel region? A. food shortages
A. increased tourism
B. strong economies
B. more jobs in manufacturing
C. growth of new plant life
C. increased starvation and poverty
D. all of the above
D. decreased support from the United Na-
tions 81. Are deforestation and desertification re-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
lated?
75. What effect does poor soil and deforesta-
tion have on land in Africa? A. Desertification and deforestation are
the same thing.
A. provides more jobs
B. Deforestation contributes to desertifi-
B. increases poverty cation
C. increases food productions C. They are not related to one another.
D. has ended HIV/AIDS D. Desertification leads to deforestation.
76. All of these pollute water in Africa except
82. What are some solutions to combat deser-
A. raw sewage tification?
B. toxic mining chemicals A. Encourage the use of firewood rather
C. water purification plants than coal.
D. pesticides B. Increase the growth of cash crops that
require a lot of water.
77. Ways of fighting Desertification, are
C. Create walls of vegetation that break
A. rotating crops the wind storms from eroding the land.
B. improving irrigation systems D. Grazing animals in the same fields year
C. educating farmers after year.
D. all of the above 83. Overgrazing means
78. Which of the following can cause desertifi- A. allowing herds to drink water in the
cation? grasslands
A. Using wood for fuel, rather than coal. B. traveling from place to place
B. Wildfires C. excessive grazing which causes dam-
C. Building houses on dry land. age to grasslands
D. All of the above. D. leaving herds unattended

79. What region in Africa is most vulnerable 84. What does the word Nomadic herding
to desertification? mean?
A. Sahel A. staying in one place
B. Savanna B. movement from place to place
C. Sahara C. creating dwellings in the desert
D. Tropical Rainforest D. giving homes to foster pets

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 1.8 Water Resources 93

85. Which areas are at risk of desertificia- B. Shoveling

tion? C. Burying

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A. Polar regions D. Rotating
B. Areas at the edge of deserts
87. Which region in Africa is most vulnerable
C. Tropical rainforests to deforestation?
D. UK A. Sahel
86. crops is defined as growing different B. Sahara
crops in a field in different years. C. Savanna
A. Consuming D. tropical rainforest

1.8 Water Resources

1. Acid mine drainage causes 5. Humans use fresh water primarily for:
A. air pollution A. mining and industrial process
B. water pollution B. electrical production
C. subsidence C. agricultural irrigation
D. erosion D. global nuclear power energy produc-
tion
2. Nutrient-rich water that will support a
large community of plants and animals is 6. Which of these countries is mainly covered
called with forest land?
A. oligotrophic
A. India
B. potable
B. Japan
C. eutrophic
C. USA
D. mega-trophic
D. All of these
3. Which of the following reduces the use ex-
posures to toxic chemicals? 7. is an international treaty to prevent
species from becoming endangered or ex-
A. Crop dusting
tinct because of international trade.
B. No-till agriculture
A. Convention on International Trade in
C. Intercropping Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
D. IPM Flora
B. Consultative group for International
4. Which of the following is a major factor of
Agriculture Research
soil formation?
A. Parent Rock C. The International Treaty on Plant Ge-
netic Resources for Food and Agriculture
B. Time
C. Relief D. Convention on the Conservation of Mi-
D. None of the above gratory Species of Wild Animals

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1.8 Water Resources 94

8. Which of the following is a renewable C. sinkholes

source of energy?
D. drought
A. Coal
B. Natural Gas 14. is the water that collects in spaces and
soil underground.
C. Ethanol from soybeans
A. Soil water
D. Petroleum
B. Groundwater

NARAYAN CHANGDER
9. The majority of Earth’s water is found in
C. water vapor

A. glaciers D. ice caps

B. oceans 15. are the main source of power genera-
C. ground tion
D. rivers and lakes A. Border security force
10. When irrigation water evaporates, salts B. Multi purpose river project
are left behind on the soil surface and can C. Ancient Hydrau;ic structures
cause plant death or lead to
D. Irragation system
A. soil salinization
B. desertification 16. What is the percentage of saltwater com-
C. waterlogging pared to freshwater?

D. monocropping A. 97% Fresh; 3% Salt

B. 90% Fresh; 10% Salt
11. In a residence, which uses the most
amount of water daily? C. 90% Salt; 10% Fresh
A. toilets D. 97% Salt; 3% Fresh
B. drinking
17. irrigation can be used in dry regions,
C. washing machine where evaporation is very high.
D. dishwasher A. Sprinklers
12. Over-irrigation can result in B. Bucket
A. salinization C. Save Water
B. water diversion D. Drip irrigation
C. recharge
18. When plants die, their decomposition de-
D. sediment capture
pletes the water of
13. Withdrawing too much water from an A. nutrients
aquifer can cause all of the following ex-
cept B. minerals
A. water stress C. carbon dioxide
B. land subsidence D. oxygen

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1.8 Water Resources 95

19. For which of the following activity is land C. lipids

used?
D. protein

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A. Agriculture
B. Mining 24. Community land is also known as

C. Forestry A. Private land

D. All the above B. Personally land

20. Which of the following is not a solution to C. Govt. Land

domestic water conservation? D. Common property resources
A. using gray water for watering lawns
and gardens 25. Western Rajasthan today plenty of water
is available due to:
B. charging a flat fee for water use in-
stead of using water meters A. Rooftops water harvesting
C. replacing lawns with native plants that B. Perennial Rajasthan canals
need little to no irrigation C. construction of Tankas
D. flushing toilets only when necessary
D. None of these
21. Sustainable use of forests in the United
States would likely be encouraged by 26. Water that seeps into the soil may become

A. cutting small groups of medium- and

large- sized trees in uneven-aged forests A. aquifer
B. clear-cutting old-growth forests to al- B. water reclamation
low for secondary succession C. groundwater
C. logging on steep slopes in designated D. reservoir
wilderness areas
D. allowing road building in wilderness ar- 27. Which heavy metal is the second most com-
eas so that older, clear-cut forests have mon cause of impairment of rivers and
time to regenerate lakes?

22. The stage of sewage treatment that re- A. lead

moves specific chemicals such as nitrates B. mercury
and phosphates
C. iron
A. Primary
D. sulfur
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary 28. Which nutrient is usually responsible for
D. Disinfection causing eutrophication in fresh water?
A. phosphorous
23. Fish are the most important source of
for many maritime nations. B. salt
A. fluoride C. mercury
B. carbohydrates D. oxygen

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1.8 Water Resources 96

29. An area of the Earth’s surface from which 35. The process in which the concentration of a
water percolates down into an aquifer. toxin increases as it moves through a food
A. water table chain
B. watershed A. Biological accumulation
C. recharge zone B. Biological magnification
D. river system C. Biological remediation
D. Biological restoration
30. This is the loss of water due to evapora-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
tion, absorption, or contamination which 36. An underground layer of rock or soil
cannot be returned in a useable form. through which water easily moves.
A. water stress A. runoff
B. water consumption B. water reclamation
C. water withdrawal C. aqueduct
D. water scarcity D. aquifer
31. The disagreement has not yet turned into 37. growth and climate change will create
open additional challenges.
A. conflict A. Agricultural
B. plumbing B. Population
C. Population C. resources
D. none of above D. none of above
32. IPM is likely to use all of the following 38. What is the driving force of the water cy-
techniques EXCEPT cle?
A. intercropping. A. evaporation from the ocean
B. habitat creation for pest predators. B. heat from the sun
C. planting herbicide-resistant crops. C. precipitation from rainfall
D. increased use of traditional pesticides. D. runoff from mountains
33. Which one of the following is not an ad- 39. A person needs approximately liter(s)
verse effect of dams? of water a day.
A. Interstate water disputes A. One
B. Displacement of population B. Two
C. Excessive sedimentation of Reservoir C. Three
D. Flood control D. Five
34. Groundwater is primarily used for 40. Most water pollution is the result of
A. industrial uses. A. natural processes
B. irrigation. B. animal waste
C. personal uses. C. human activities
D. drinking water. D. acid rain

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1.8 Water Resources 97

41. Several and industry groups, including B. Water the lawn during the day.
the National Association of Homebuilders, C. Let leaky faucets drip.
the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association,

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and the American Farm Bureau Federa- D. Take baths instead of showers.
tion issued statements in support of the
46. Where is most of the freshwater on Earth
changes.
found?
A. agricultural
A. in underground aquifers
B. conflict
B. in low salt oceans
C. resources
C. in groundwater
D. none of above
D. locked up in ice, snow, and glaciers
42. Reclamation is
47. Which type of land use would allow more
A. not required in the US.
water to percolate through the soil to be-
B. a process that causes significant envi- come ground water?
ronmental damage.
A. residential
C. returning the land back to its original
condition after mining B. forest

D. required for every country and every C. a parking lot

type of mine in the world. D. agricultural
43. What is a barrier across flowing water 48. Hirakud Dam is constructed on the river:
that obstructs, directs or retards the flow,
A. Ganga
often creating a reservoir, lake or im-
poundment? B. Manjira
A. Canals C. Manas
B. Embankment D. Mahanadi
C. Dams
49. Groundwater in the US is
D. Lakes
A. found everywhere
44. Species of some animals are on the verge B. is primarily found in the central plains
of extinction as their population has de-
creased considerably. Such species are
known as C. is found all across the nation, but some
areas have little to none
A. Endangered Species
D. is only found along the coastlines
B. Extinct Species
C. Dead Species 50. For a well to provide water, it must reach
D. Hidden Species
A. above the water table
45. Which of the following is a way to con-
B. below the water table
serve water?
A. Turn the faucet off when you brush C. above an aquifer
your teeth. D. into a reservoir

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1.8 Water Resources 98

51. As urbanization increases and natural soil 56. Many contain phosphates.
surfaces are covered, the groundwater
A. detergents
supply is reduced due to
B. oil-based products
A. increased evaporation and transpira-
tion C. fertilizers
B. decreased surface runoff D. detergents and fertilizers
C. loss of recharge area 57. Which oxides are responsible for the for-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. confinement of aquifers mation of acid rain?
A. Iron and Sulfur
52. Unfortunately, the surface fresh water
is not equally distributed throughout the B. Iron and Nitrogen
world. C. Nitrogen and Sulfur
A. access D. Carbon and Nitrogen
B. agricultural
58. Which of the following states has rights to
C. available water from the Colorado River?
D. none of above A. Oregon
53. Which of the following is NOT a way to B. California
conserve soil? C. Montana
A. Plant trees or vegetation. D. Texas
B. Create wind barriers.
59. 90% of the total world population resides
C. Allow water to runoff and erode bare in of the land area.
soil.
A. 10%
D. Terrace land for farming.
B. 20%
54. What energy source is responsible for all C. 30%
of the fossil fuels, the water cycle, and
even biomass energy? D. 40%
A. Petroleum 60. Monocropping has a number of disadvan-
B. Coal tages. These include all of the following
EXCEPT
C. The Sun
A. Erosion due to exposure of large areas
D. Wind of soil during planting.
55. is known as B horizon. B. Nutrition and pesticide needs should
be similar throughout a single crop.
A. Parent Rock
C. Pests are likely to attack a monocrop
B. Sub soil
due to the high concentration.
C. Top soil
D. Loss of habitat for natural pest preda-
D. Organic layer tors.

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1.8 Water Resources 99

61. Which of the following do farmers do to 67. Where most freshwater is found in
prevent soil erosion on steep slopes? A. Groundwater

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A. Contour plowing
B. Lakes
B. Terracing
C. Glaciers
C. Plant trees to slow the wind
D. Sea water
D. Crop Rotation
68. In which state is bamboo derio irrigation
62. Land use for building homes and small com- prevalent
munities
A. Nagaland
A. Recreational Land
B. Meghalaya
B. Residential Land
C. Transport Land C. Mizoram

D. Commercial Land D. Manipur

63. What type of Animal Eats Plants? 69. one method of desalination is
A. Herbivore A. forcing the water through a filter,
which removes salt from the water
B. Carnivore
C. Insectivore B. saturating the groundwater so the wa-
ter table rises, and thus decreasing the ra-
D. Frugivore tio of salts within the groundwater
64. Which of the following type of tree har- C. the use of hydroponic agriculture so
vesting is the most detrimental to the en- water and salts are not added to the
vironment? ground during irrigation
A. Strip Cutting D. planting only drought-resistant vege-
B. Selective Cutting tation, reducing the amount of water
needed in home gardens and in agricul-
C. Clear Cutting
ture
D. Partial Harvest
70. Which of the following is climate change
65. What type of system targets individual most likely to contribute to?
plants and introduces water directly into
the soil? A. reduced rainfall in high latitudes
A. desalination B. increased rainfall in high latitudes
B. reverse osmosis C. increase in rainfall across the world
C. waterlogging D. reduction in rainfall across the world
D. drip irrigation 71. Which of the following would NOT help
66. A region of land that drains into a river. prevent future flooding?
A. water reclamation A. Building of Dams
B. watershed B. Protecting wetlands
C. aquifer C. Protecting Forests
D. irrigation D. Expansion of urban areas

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1.8 Water Resources 100

72. Which of the following species is extinct? C. Carbon Dioxide

A. California Condor D. Calcium Carbonate
B. Passenger Pigeon
77. A term meaning “disease causing”.
C. Red Wolf
A. Eutrophic
D. Whooping Crane
B. Hygienic
73. Living things will most likely be affected if
there were a shortage of water on Earth C. Septic

NARAYAN CHANGDER
because D. Pathogenic
A. living things would not be able to live,
reproduce, or regulate their own temper- 78. Bacteria, viruses, and parasitic worms are
ature. considered and must be removed from
water.
B. living things would not be able to ab-
sorb and transport heat or regulate their A. heavy metals
own temperature. B. solid waste
C. living things would not be able to re- C. pathogens
produce or absorb and transport heat.
D. poisons
D. living things would not be able to reg-
ulate their own temperature, live, or ab- 79. One process used to obtain fresh water
sorb or transport heat. from salt water is
74. For Sanders, whose presidential campaign A. coagulation
four years ago challenged Hillary Clinton
B. filtration
for the Democratic nomination, the land-
scape at this key point is much different C. recharge
as are the at his disposal. D. desalination
A. conflict
B. population 80. Underground tanks seen in Rajasthan to
store rainwater for drinking is called:
C. resources
A. Tankas
D. none of above
B. Khadins
75. What factors have aggravated the water
C. Ponds
and energy problems in India?
A. Multiplying urban centres D. Kul
B. Dams 81. The Portion of water that flows across the
C. Afforestation surface that does not soak into the ground
and runs into water bodies
D. Agriculture
A. what
76. All life forms, plant or animals, need this
to survive: B. fertilizer
A. Soil C. erosion
B. Water D. runoff

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1.8 Water Resources 101

82. The surface of a layer of saturates 87. Which of the following rivers is not having
ground. any multipurpose river project?

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A. water table A. Satluj
B. groundwater B. Mahanadi
C. watershed C. Narmada

D. reservoir D. Yamuna

88. What is algal bloom?

83. What percent of water is available for hu-
mans to use? A. Extremely rapid growth of algea
A. 50 B. Water becomes cloudy
B. 25 C. Too much of nutrients

C. 3 D. none of above

D. less than 1 89. Largest concentration of fresh water in the

USA
84. landscaping using plants adapted to dry
A. Delaware River
conditions
B. Yardley Pond
A. xeriscaping
C. Great Lakes
B. algal bloom
D. Missouri River
C. cultural eutrophication
90. Coliform bacteria are bacteria that live
D. red tide
A. in distilled water
85. Irrigation has also changed the cropping B. in solid rock
pattern of many regions with farmers
shifting to water intensive and commer- C. anaerobic conditions
cial crops. This has great ecological con- D. the intestines of humans and animals
sequences for the soil, What is it?
91. A flowing network of water
A. Salinasation of the soil
A. river system
B. Contamination of the soil
B. watershed
C. Pollution of the soil
C. basin
D. Excess of chemical
D. NBC
86. India hydroelectric power contributes ap- 92. The land that water flows across or under
proximately percent of the total elec- on its way to a stream, river, or lake is
tricity produced. called
A. 20% A. conservation
B. 22% B. land form
C. 25% C. runoff
D. 23% D. watershed

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1.8 Water Resources 102

93. Where is the majority of Earth’s water C. Surface runoff

found? D. Oceans
A. glaciers
99. Making it illegal to to release pollution
B. oceans from a point source without a permit, the
C. ground was the single most important law to
D. rivers and lakes prevent water pollution.
A. Pollution Water Act

NARAYAN CHANGDER
94. State officials say 20, 000 people have
moved to nearby Chico, boosting that B. Clean Water Act
city’s by more than 20% and putting C. Pollution Water Law
a strain on public services.
D. Chemical Water Act
A. access
100. Which major category of water use
B. plumbing
would include watering grain to feed to
C. population livestock?
D. none of above A. personal
95. Which of the following sectors utilize most B. agricultural
of the surface and ground water? C. industrial
A. domestic use D. electrical
B. agriculture
101. Throughout the world, the majority of
C. hydroelectricity water is used for
D. industries A. irrigation
96. People in developed countries tend to eat B. industrial uses
more C. humans and animals
A. corn D. cooling towers of power plants
B. potatoes
102. What is turbidity?
C. meat
A. a measure of how polluted water is
D. rice
B. a measure of how much bacteria is in
97. One way that water helps living things is rivers
that it C. a measure of how much salt in water
A. regulates temperature. D. a measure of how clear the water is
B. transport oxygen.
103. Which of the following are examples of
C. absorbs heat. indirect water usage?
D. produce nutrients. A. drinking water
98. Which is not a source of fresh water? B. growing fruits and vegetables
A. Glaciers and ice sheets C. taking a shower
B. Groundwater D. doing laundry

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1.8 Water Resources 103

104. Assertion (A) - A bird like Vulture is im- C. Mizoram

portant for the ecosystem.Reason (R) - A
D. Madhya Pradesh
vulture feeds on the dead livestock and so

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it cleanses the environment. 109. Sometimes, the water table naturally
A. Only A is corrrect rises to the surface creating
B. Only R is correct A. aquifers.
C. Both A and R are correct and R is the B. wells.
correct explanation of A
C. drainage basins.
D. Both A and R are correct and R is not
the correct explanation of A D. springs.

105. Since the 1950’s, has been added to 110. Most of Earths fresh water (70%) is
the drinking water in many cities. used for ?
A. fluoride A. Agriculture (farming)
B. calcium B. Industry (making products)
C. chloride salts C. Domestic (at home)
D. lead D. none of above

106. What is the uppermost level at which the 111. From the 200 houses, the net amount of
water is a given area fully saturates the rainwater harvested annually amounts to
rock or soil? litres.
A. Aquifers A. 100, 000
B. Springs B. 150, 000
C. Water Table C. 200, 000
D. Groundwater Recharge
D. 125, 000
107. Which of the following is an example of
112. is an artificial pond with raised edges
sustainable use of natural resources?
used for agriculture.
A. continuously strip mining coal deposits
in an area A. shaduf

B. clear-cutting a forest B. paddy

C. harvesting huge populations of fish C. aqueduct

from a fishing shoal D. chinampa
D. planting multiple crops together on
a field and harvesting them at different 113. during whose reign were the dams, lakes
times and irrigation system built extensively
A. Ashoka
108. Bamboo drip irrigation system is preva-
lent in: B. Chandragupta Maurya
A. Manipur C. Akbar
B. Meghalaya D. None of these

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1.8 Water Resources 104

114. An area of Earth’s surface where water C. there will be a decrease in run-off
percolates down into the aquifer
D. there will be a decrease in sedimenta-
A. water shed tion
B. river system
120. Which of the following is not an example
C. recharge zone of an off-stream use?
D. zone of saturation
A. Agriculture

NARAYAN CHANGDER
115. Which of the following does NOT result B. Thermoelectrric
from surface mining?
C. Commercial
A. soil erosion
D. Recreation
B. loss of habitat
C. lowered albedo 121. On which one of the following rivers Met-
D. black lung disease tur dam is constructed?
A. Kaveri
116. As rock becomes more porous
B. Krishna
A. The more water it can hold
C. Godavari
B. The less water it can hold
C. The porosity of rock does not deter- D. Mahanadi
mine how much water it can hold
122. what is one way humans pollute water?
D. none of above
A. chemical waste from factories is some-
117. Which marine zone has the highest NPP? times dumped into rivers and lakes
A. open ocean B. driving cars
B. the bathyal zone C. swimming in the ocean
C. coastal estuaries D. dumping their pet gold fish in a lake
D. coral reefs
123. Desalination is
118. are barriers constructed on rivers to
control the flow of the water. A. removing salt from water

A. Persian wheel B. removing oil from water

B. Canals C. removing toxic chemicals from water
C. Wells D. adding salt to water
D. Dams
124. Which of the following are not causes of
119. How does clear-cutting of forests change water scarcity?
the water cycle? A. Growing population
A. there will be an increase in transpira-
B. Growing of water intensive crop
tion
C. Expansion of irrigation facilities
B. there will be an increase in evapora-
tion D. Water harvesting techniques

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1.8 Water Resources 105

125. Environment: A. Irrigation (diverting water away from

A. Where something exists or lives original water source to farm lands)

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B. Making something new out of some- B. Building dams
thing old C. Droughts
C. Protecting things in nature D. none of above
D. Prevent leakage in landfills 131. Ecosystem services performed by forests
include; I. Carbon sequestation II. Aid in
126. Which one of the following determines
aquifer recharge III. Provide wildlife habi-
the land use pattern?
tat
A. climate A. II only
B. topography B. III only
C. minerals C. I and III only
D. all the above D. I, II, and III
127. Which of the following is an example of 132. Which among the following is not a peren-
the direct use of water? nial river
A. food production A. Ganga
B. making plastic B. Indus
C. generating electricity C. Brahmaputra
D. washing clothes D. Narmada

128. the buildup of salts in the surface layers 133. The addition of excess nutrients to wa-
of soil terways from human sources is called
eutrophication.
A. salinization
A. natural
B. xeriscaping
B. anthropogenic
C. runoff
C. cultural
D. algal bloom
D. both anthropogenic and cultural
129. Why is groundwater so important?
134. Pollution traced to a single point
A. Water is ancient and can’t be replaced,
only recycled A. water shed
B. permeable
B. It’s all the water we have
C. point source pollution
C. Desalination is expensive and can’t be
used in the central plains D. non-point source pollution
D. Most water on earth isn’t freshwater 135. All of the following are environmental
and most freshwater comes from ground- disadvantages of dams used to produce en-
water sources ergy, EXCEPT
130. Which of the following is NOT one of the A. flooding downstream is reduced
ways in which humans directly can change B. flooding destroys terrestrial lands and
water resources? displaces people

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1.8 Water Resources 106

C. migration and reproductive patterns of 141. Which sector uses the most water?
some fish species are disrupted A. agriculture
D. the amount of nutrient rich-silt reach- B. industry
ing downstream ecosystems is reduced
C. household
136. Which of these is example of community D. none of above
land?
A. A bungalow 142. In which state is the 200-year-old sys-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
tem of tapping stream and spring water
B. Sunderban forests by using bamboo pipes still prevalent?
C. The Parliament House A. West Bengal
D. None of these B. Rajasthan
137. Which of the following is an example of C. Meghalaya
a positive feedback loop? D. Shillong
A. Your brain saying you are hungry
143. the GREATEST use of water globally is
B. A thermostat maintaining a certain
temperature in your house A. agriculture

C. Exponential population growth B. residential use

D. Pesticide resistance C. recreation

D. municipal management
138. This is the total amount of water taken
from a water body and much of this wa- 144. From greatest to least, rank the primary
ter could be returned to circulation in a uses of fresh water around the world.
reusable form. A. personal, industry, agriculture
A. water stress B. industry, agriculture, personal
B. water consumption C. agriculture, industry, personal
C. water withdrawal D. industry, personal, agriculture
D. water scarcity
145. What is an algal bloom
139. eliminate or reduce flooding A. bacteria in water
A. houses B. the rapid growth of a population of al-
B. animals gal
C. dams C. algae on rocks near a river
D. agriculture land D. the rapid growth of bacteria

140. The direct effect of eutrophication of a 146. How might a flood affect the population
body of water is of an area?
A. Decreased DO levels A. reduce population
B. Fish kills B. increase population
C. Increased turbidty C. increase available resources
D. Algal Bloom D. reduce the need for resources

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1.8 Water Resources 107

147. It is a mechanical way of lifting water C. Red

from open wells with the help of animals D. None
like buffaloes or camels.

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A. Persian wheel 153. Artesian aquifers
B. Tube wells A. have problems with subsidence
C. Dams B. often are contaminated with salt water
D. Canals
C. contain water under pressure
148. Which of the following is the most de-
structive and most difficult to reclaim? D. have hard water
A. strip mining 154. The geological layer, consisting of under-
B. open pit mining ground caverns and porous layers of sand,
C. mountaintop mining gravel, or bedrock, where groundwater
flows, is called
D. subsurface mining
A. zone of saturation
149. Which part of Earth absorbs the MOST
B. aquifer
sunlight
C. surface water
A. oceans
B. soil D. none of above

C. atmosphere 155. Which hold water until it is needed?

D. rivers and lakes A. dams
150. What is not a stage of the water cycle? B. reservoirs
A. Compaction C. aqueducts
B. Evaporation D. valleys
C. Percolation
156. Water stored below the Earth’s surface
D. Transpiration is called:
151. One disadvantage of desalination is that A. Groundwater
B. Bogs
A. the process kills fish.
C. Water in the ground
B. the process uses fuel that is expensive.
D. none of above

C. the process makes water that is un- 157. In the United States, most of the fresh
safe to drink. water we use-about 74 percent of it-
D. the process is too difficult to carry out comes from
in big cities. A. surface water sources.
152. Earth is known as planet. B. aquatic supplies.
A. Blue C. aquifers.
B. Green D. the ocean.

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1.8 Water Resources 108

158. What type of irrigation is most effi- 164. Trees in these shed their leaves in a
cient? particular season in order to conserve loss
A. Flood irrigation of moisture through transpiration: (select
the incorrect one)
B. Drip irrigation
A. Evergreen Forests
C. Spray irrigation
D. Furrow irrigation B. Tundra
C. Deforestation
159. The remote village that has earned the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
rare distinction of being rich in rainwater? D. Deciduous forest
A. Gari
165. Experts suggest that world wide , of
B. Kaza
the water people use is wasted through
C. Gendathur evaporation, leaks, and other losses.
D. None of these A. 99%
160. The stage of sewage treatment that uses B. 50%
aeration tanks to remove organic wastes
C. 66%
A. Primary
D. 25%
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary 166. Icebergs in Greenland are examples of
D. Disinfection water.

161. which of the following should you not use A. Surface Water
grey water for? B. Ground water
A. irrigation C. Frozen Water
B. gardening
D. Atmosphere
C. flushing the toilet
D. cooking 167. what is true about eutrophication in lakes
and other bodies of water?
162. are small channels through which wa-
ter from the rivers or dams is diverted to A. it is always natural
the fields. B. it is always artificial
A. Rivers C. it can cause too much algae to grow
B. Wells
D. none of above
C. Dams
D. Canals 168. Resources:

163. What causes an urban heat island? A. Water, soil, minerals, wildlife, forests
A. large forested areas B. Prevent leakage in landfills
B. pavement and concrete C. Chemicals being released into oceans,
C. climate change lakes, rivers, etc.
D. mass transit D. Smoke and harmful gases

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1.8 Water Resources 109

169. Which of the following practices is not a B. Making something new out of some-
good stewardship practice to help wildlife thing old
and conserve our natural resources?

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C. Protecting things in nature
A. Soil Conservation D. Where something exists or lives
B. Pollution of ground water
175. This is when an animal lives on land.
C. Protection of surface water
A. Aquatic
D. Providing shelter for wildlife
B. Aerobic
170. Tropical evergreen forest is also known C. Wildlife
as
D. Terrestrial
A. coniferous
176. upper surface of the zone of saturation
B. equatorial forest
A. Surface Water
C. temperate
B. Confined aquifer
D. monsoon forest
C. water table
171. On which river is the Bhakra Nangal Dam D. transpiration
located?
A. Jhelum 177. The following are the benefits of rivers
in India
B. Chambal
A. Rivers bring flood and destroy proper-
C. Satluj ties
D. Chenab B. Rivers obstructs the way and give
hardship to people to cross
172. One of the greatest pollution threats to
ocean ecosystems today is: C. Rivers are helpful for dumping indus-
trial, domestic and sewage wastes
A. sewage
D. Rivers provide water for drinking and
B. biodegradable substances irrigation
C. plastics
178. Water pollution that is scattered or dif-
D. discarded antibiotics fuse, having no specific location where
they discharge into a particular body of
173. Rivers and lakes that have clear water
water, such as runoff from farm fields
and low biological productivity are said to
and livestock, golf courses, parking lots,
be…
is called?
A. red tide
A. atmospheric depositon
B. eutrophic
B. non-point source pollution
C. oligotrophic
C. point source pollution
D. oxygen sag
D. water pollution
174. Land pollution: 179. What is an inexpensive solution to pro-
A. Littering and dumping illegally on the viding everyone with more fresh water to
ground use?

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1.8 Water Resources 110

A. desalination 184. is the world’s largest producer of di-

amonds, gold and platinum
B. water conservation
A. India
C. drilling more wells into aquifers
B. Antartica
D. building more dams
C. Africa
180. What is the issue with impermeable sur- D. Australia
faces and their impact on water?
185. All of the land area that supplies water

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Impermeable surfaces increase the to a particular river system is included in
amount of water entering into the ground a(n)
A. aquifer.
B. Impermeable surfaces increase runoff
B. water table.
and prevent water from reaching the
ground C. watershed.
C. Impermeable surfaces have little ef- D. recharge zone.
fect on groundwater but increase atmo- 186. Minerals are
spheric water concentrations
A. nonrenewable
D. none of above
B. renewable
181. As a result, providing clean water to de- C. pretty
veloping countries is an important goal for D. scarce and expensive
organizations.
187. Genetically modified crops offer all of the
A. Agricultural
following advantages except:
B. contaminated A. We no longer need to use herbicides.
C. international B. Reduce water usage
D. none of above C. Shorten growing seasons.
D. Increased yields
182. What determines the colour and texture
of soil? 188. Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification are
A. Time associated with what kind of pollution?

B. Climate A. Nutrient
B. Toxic Chemical
C. Relief
C. Sediment
D. Parent Rock
D. Thermal
183. The systematic removal of rock or other
189. Thorny shrubs and scrubs grow in area
substance for financial gain.
of
A. smelting A. Heavy rainfall
B. mining B. low rainfall
C. urban farming C. Moderate rainfall
D. forestry D. None of the above

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1.8 Water Resources 111

190. Dams are also known as river valley D. Atmospheric patterns are complex and
projects. varied, making hurricane prediction and
study difficult.

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A. Multipurpose
B. Multi planned 195. Lands managed by agencies of the gov-
ernment
C. Multi used
A. National Parks
D. Planned
B. National Rivers
191. The breaking up of rocks is known as C. Public Lands
A. Erosion D. Restricted-use Lands
B. Reclamation
196. The presence of water fleas is
C. Degradation
A. a sure sign of polluted water
D. weathering
B. a bad omen
192. What is a watershed? C. unsanitary
A. Land that collects and channels water D. an indication that the water is rela-
froma small body of water to a larger body tively clean
of water
197. Which of the following is NOT part of the
B. the shape of the land determined by el- water cycle?
evation
A. evaporation
C. A natural stream of water of consider-
B. condensation
able volume
C. biomagnification
D. a river and all its tributaries
D. precipitation
193. Cultural eutrophication can result from
pollution. 198. More than 2, 400 American service mem-
bers have been killed in the
A. nutrient
A. conflict
B. toxic-chemical
B. plumbing
C. nutrition
C. resources
D. toxic-biological
D. none of above
194. Which of the following is not true about
199. Pesticides:
hurricanes?
A. Sprays that kill bugs
A. Hurricanes are fueled by the energy
stored in warm tropical ocean waters. B. Water, soil, minerals, wildlife, forests

B. A majority of Earth’s inhabitants do not C. Where something lives

live close enough to coastal areas to be af- D. Smoke and harmful gases
fected by tropical cyclone.
200. The term subsidence refers to
C. Hurricanes are tropical cyclones that
contain winds in excess of 119 km/hr (74 A. failure of the groundwater supply
mph) or more. B. accumulation of silt behind a dam

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1.8 Water Resources 112

C. sinking of ground when water has 206. Which of the following are 2 characteris-
been withdrawn tics of forests that develop when fires are
D. intrusion of salt water into a freshwa- suppressed?
ter aquifer A. Large quantities of dead biomass on
the forest floor and Larger trees develop.
201. is the water that collects in spaces
and soil UNDERGROUND.
B. Tree density decreases and Fire-
A. Soil water intolerant species decrease in number.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Groundwater
C. under pools C. Fire-tolerant species that need fire
to germinate seeds increase in popula-
D. ice caps tion and Increased canopy coverage elim-
inates understory growth.
202. Which is an advantage of surface min-
ing? D. Tree density decreases and biomass
on the forest floor becomes scarce.
A. topsoil erosion
B. habitat loss 207. To what is most of the water used in agri-
culture (farming) lost?
C. efficient
A. Evaporation
D. increased stream turbulence
B. Runoff
203. What sector uses the largest amount of
C. Pollution
fresh water?
D. Plants
A. Household
B. Agriculture 208. Unfortunately, the available surface
fresh water is not equally throughout
C. Industrial
the world.
D. Transpiration
A. contaminated
204. mining turns groundwater into a non- B. distributed
rewable resource.
C. international
A. groundwater
D. none of above
B. underwater
209. When water changes from a GAS to a
C. underground
LIQUID?
D. surface
A. Condensation
205. Which is the most appropriate method to B. Evaporation
check soil erosion on steep slopes?
C. Precipitation
A. shelter belts
D. none of above
B. terrace farming
210. the ogallala aquifer is a one time deposit
C. mulching of water and has such a slow recharge rate
D. contour barriers it is

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1.8 Water Resources 113

A. not replenishing at the rate it is being 215. A cost-benefit analysis done to investi-
used, and one result is land subsidence gate a proposed mine site would likely
take which of the following into account?

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B. protected by state laws and is there-
I. The medical costs of mine worker injuries
fore underutilized
II. The cost of environmental restoration of
C. suffering from severe salinization as the site when it is shut down III.The value
water infiltrates the ground and dissolved of the ore to be extracted from the mine
minerals are added to the aquifer
A. II only
D. increasing each year with the expec-
B. I, II, and III
tation that the rate of increase will grow
as the climate changes and brings more C. I and II only
storms to the Great Plains D. I and III only
211. Which of the following can cause floods? 216. Evaporation from the leaves of pants into
A. Dam breakage the atmosphere

B. Tsunamis A. Surface Water

C. Landslides B. Confined aquifer

C. water table
D. All of these are correct
D. transpiration
212. Which of the following factors make an
earthquake deadly? 217. One of the advantages to using geneti-
cally modified organisms (GMOs) is
A. ground type
A. reduce the need for pesticides
B. population density
B. they are not regulated by the govern-
C. both of these answers are correct ment
D. none of above C. the concern about safety to consume
213. what is dakshin ganga D. they can cause food allergies

A. major salt water lake 218. Approximately what percentage of the

B. another name of godavari water on the earth is saltwater?

C. river of Peninsular India A. 97%

B. 75%
D. Rift valleys
C. 60%
214. Which of the following does NOT con-
D. 45%
tribute to water conservation?
A. drip irrigation 219. More than 97 percent of Earth’s total wa-
ter supply is found in
B. xeriscaping
A. ice sheets
C. using low-flow faucets and shower
heads B. the oceans

D. watering lawns during peak sunlight C. the atmosphere

hours, when plants need water the most D. groundwater

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1.8 Water Resources 114

220. Which of the following is a way that B. They gained economically

farmers conserve soil in a windy area? C. The govt gave them benefits
A. Terracing
D. They got housing facilities
B. Crop rotation
226. Runoff carries chemicals form road ways
C. Plant trees as wind barriers
in to
D. Contour plowing
A. lakes

NARAYAN CHANGDER
221. The element that is the primary regulator B. rivers
of the trophic state of water is
C. oceans
A. sulfur
D. all of the above
B. phosphorus
C. nitrogen 227. Most of Earth’s liquid freshwater is found
D. mercury
A. in ice caps and glaciers
222. What is the problem with timber planta-
tions? B. in lakes

A. low biodiversity C. underground

B. prone to forest fires D. in the oceans

C. cause soil erosion 228. As a natural resource, freshwater is
D. absorb excess CO2 from atmosphere A. renewable.
223. What is the area where water infiltrates B. nonrenewable.
into an aquifer? C. unlimited.
A. infiltration D. unusable.
B. zone of saturation
229. Which of the following terrestrial biomes
C. zone of aeration
is located in the frozen regions of the con-
D. recharge zone tinent?
224. Out of the total fresh water available, A. Desert
nearly is in the form of “ICE” and is B. Tundra
found in glaciers in Antarctica, Greenland,
mountain regions, etc. C. Coniferous Forest

A. 1% D. Grassland
B. 2% 230. Use of this method of control requires
C. 3% concentrations to be increased often be-
cause pest develop resistance
D. 4%
A. GMOs
225. How did the Multi-purpose projects af-
B. Pestsides
fect the local people?
A. large-scale displacement of local com- C. plant removal
munities D. control burning

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1.8 Water Resources 115

231. Shillong faces acute shortage of water. C. 35

Nearly every household in the city has D. 50
a rooftop rainwater harvesting structure.

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Nearly per cent of the total water re- 236. What was the traditional practice in the
quirement of the household comes from flood plains of Bengal, for irrigation?
rooftop water harvesting.
A. Canals
A. 15-20%
B. Man made lake
B. 10-15%
C. inundation channels
C. 20-25%
D. Rooftop rain water
D. 25-30%
237. Which one of the following is not an ad-
232. How are most of the housing societies or
verse effect of irrigation?
colonies in the cities resourcing their water
needs? A. Irrigation changes cropping pattern
A. City waterworks B. Water intensive crops are grown in dry
areas
B. Own groundwater pumping device
C. Salinasation of Soil
C. Community water pumps
D. Individual motor D. Increased crop production

233. According to the United Nations, 2.1 bil- 238. Examples are freshwater rivers and
lion people around the globe had access streams
only to water. A. Surface Water
A. conflict B. Confined aquifer
B. contaminated C. water table
C. distributed D. transpiration
D. none of above
239. Land covers about of earth’s surface.
234. This is the compartment of water in A. 70%
the American west that far exceeds with-
drawal compared to recharge as a result B. 30%
farms and even whole towns are being C. 80%
abandoned.
D. 20%
A. Arial Sea
B. Olgalala Aquifer 240. Which of the following is an example of
conserving (using less of a resource)?
C. Lake Michigan
A. Collect water from warming up the
D. Lake Mead shower to water plants.
235. percent of the protein consumed by B. Recycle your plastics, glass, and met-
humans around the world is fish. als.
A. 2 C. Shorten your showers by 1 minute.
B. 20 D. Reuse sink water to wash the car tires.

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1.8 Water Resources 116

241. The diversion channels seen in the West- C. reservoirs of water maintained by
ern Himalayas are called: dams
A. Guls or Kuls D. underground layer of permeable rock
B. Khadins or sediment that contains safe, clean
fresh water
C. Johads
D. Recharge pits 246. What is Pollution?
A. Increase in Earths temperatures
242. Which of these are changes you could

NARAYAN CHANGDER
make to increase water in your local B. Sudden growth in algae in a pond
aquifer? C. Harmful substance in environment
A. water the lawn between 11 am and 4 D. none of above
pm
B. take a shorter shower and turn off the 247. In the 11th century CE, was one of
water while you brush your teeth the largest artificial lakes built at that
time
C. dispose of medications in the landfill,
not the toilet A. Nagarjuna sagar
D. use bottled water instead of tap water B. Bhopal lake
C. Hauz Khas Lake
243. Which of the following is an example of
recycling ( using a resource more than one D. Dal lake
time)?
248. The thin layer of grainy substance cover-
A. Check for leaks in pipes and repair ing the surface of the earth is called
them.
A. land
B. Collect water used to warm up show-
ers and use it to water plants. B. soil
C. Water at night to reduce evaporation. C. Humus
D. Run washing machine and dishwasher D. minerals
only when full.
249. Does water quality need to be moni-
244. What are some ways water shapes tored?
Earth’s surface? A. yes
A. by transporting nutrients and waste B. no
B. by forming glaciers and weathering C. sometimes
ocean shores
D. every month
C. by forming rivers and mountains
D. by absorbing and transporting solar 250. Which of the following will be densely
energy populated?
A. Steep slopes of the mountains
245. What are aquifers?
B. River valleys
A. hold potable water above ground.
B. water found in Earth’s streams, rivers C. Forested areas
and lakes D. Desert areas

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1.8 Water Resources 117

251. Ethiopia and Egypt have long fought over A. Improving literacy among urban popu-
Nile water in Africa. lations
B. Raising tax rates for large corpora-

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A. plumbing
tions
B. Population
C. Inventing stronger antibiotics
C. resources
D. Passing a law to set limits for fisher-
D. none of above men
252. All of the following may be consequences 257. slow the surface runoff and replenish
of dam construction except underground water.
A. reduced upstream migration of fish A. Contours
B. reduced downstream migration of fish B. Rock Dams
C. Vegetation
C. lower fertility of floodplains down- D. None of the above
stream
258. The best example of selective cutting is;
D. higher risk of levee failure down-
A. Loggers cut small groups of intermedi-
stream of the dam
ate or mature trees, resulting in less ero-
253. A hole dug or drilled into the ground to sion and loss of nutrients on the hillside.
provide a supply of water.
A. watershed B. Loggers cut a thin strip of trees along a
hillside, the forests naturally regenerates,
B. desalination and loggers then cut a thin strip of trees
C. groundwater next to the regenerated area.
D. well C. In a managed area forest containing
one or two species of trees, loggers clear
254. which of these is ok to use black water cut one section, then clear-cut it again
for? when the trees have reached a certain
size.
A. irrigation
D. Loggers cut only the trees they can
B. washing hands
reach easily from exsisting access roads.
C. showering
259. Most of Earth’s freshwater is
D. cooking
A. surface water
255. Which of the following are hazards asso- B. ground water
ciated with volcanic eruptions? C. frozen
A. Tsunamis D. bottled
B. Lahars
260. What do manufacturers use water for?
C. Tephra A. to transport people
D. All of these are correct B. to irrigate farms
256. Which of the following is an example of a C. to create tools
solution to the tragedy of the commons? D. to produce wood and paper products

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1.8 Water Resources 118

261. Human impact on the Colorado River is 266. Which one of the following methods is
evidenced by most appropriate to check soil erosion on
steep slopes?
A. the unchanging flow of the Colorado
River A. Shelter Belts
B. the Colorado River no longer flows to B. Mulching
the sea C. Terrace Cultivation
C. the increase in human populations in D. none of above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
nearby cities
267. What is one example of reusing water?
D. none of above
A. taking shorter showers each day
262. What is fertilizer? B. watering the yard in the morning
A. a substance that kills bacteria C. watering flowers with dirty dishwater
B. a substance that reduces the growth D. turning off water in the sink while
of crops brushing teeth
C. a substance that provides nutrients to 268. Which of the following best describes
help crops grow better an environmental advantage of urbaniza-
D. cow manure tion?
A. Individuals living in cities usually have
263. When deep wells are heavily pumped, a lower transportation carbon footprint
one result can be: than individuals living in rural areas
A. decreased groundwater recharge B. Individuals living in cities usually have
B. spring formation greater access to fresh, local agricultural
products than individuals living in rural ar-
C. a cone of depression eas.
D. a rise in the water table C. Individuals living in cities have more
varied employment opportunities than in-
264. Which of these is not a solution for fixing dividuals living in rural areas.
freshwater depletion?
D. Individuals living in cities have greater
A. eutrophication access to health care than individuals liv-
B. drip-irrigation ing in rural areas.

C. desalinization 269. The only State which has made rooftop

rainwater harvesting structure compul-
D. xeriscaping
sory to all the houses is:
265. What are low lying areas very suscepti- A. Andhra Pradesh
ble to B. Karnataka
A. Flooding C. Tamilnadu
B. Earthquakes D. West Bengal
C. Tsunamis
270. Because global fisheries have dramati-
D. Landslides cally seen a reduction in fish numbers, this

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1.8 Water Resources 119

technique has been used recently to sup- C. point-source pollution

plement that loss.
D. red tide

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A. monocropping
B. IPM 276. Who is the largest consumer of water?
C. contour farming A. City dwellers
D. aquaculture B. Irrigation for agriculture
271. is constructed on river Mahanadi in C. Villages
Odisha D. Industry
A. Nagarjuna Sagar dam
B. Bhakra Nangal dam 277. Human activities that clear large areas
of land and increase erosion contribute di-
C. Tehri dam rectly to what type of pollution?
D. Hirakud dam A. biological
272. Hirakund dameikt on and is locater at B. groundwater
C. sediment
A. tundabhadra, karnataka
D. toxic chemical
B. chambal madhya pradesh
C. mahanadi odisha 278. Water Pollution:
D. none of above A. Chemicals being released into oceans,
lakes, rivers, etc.
273. Impermeable materials
A. have an abundance of pores. B. Protecting things in nature
B. let water in. C. Sprays that kill bugs
C. have little to no pores. D. Prevent leakage in landfills
D. none of above
279. Is a flowing network of surface wa-
274. Why does chemical waste need to be dis- ter
posed of carefully? A. recharge zone
A. It encourages excessive plant growth
B. river system
B. It contains heavy metals which build
up in the tissues of living organisms. C. ground water
C. It is not biodegradable D. none of above
D. It depletes the oxygen levels in the wa-
280. is a measure of the cloudiness of wa-
ter
ter.
275. the rapid growth of algae in an area that A. Turbidity
can cover the surface of the water and
block sunlight from reaching plants below B. Hue
A. algal bloom C. Transparency
B. cultural eutrophication D. Translucence

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1.8 Water Resources 120

281. Which makes up the larger percent of all 286. Overgrazing of grasslands can lead to re-
water on Earth? duced range quality. Two of the major ef-
fects of overgrazing are
A. freshwater
A. erosion and desertification
B. salt water
B. eutrophication and increased methane
C. stale water production
D. sugar water C. higher fire potential and increased pro-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ductivity
282. Producing meat always requires more
land than a vegetarian diet because D. higher primary productivity and am-
monification
A. of the 10% rule
287. Water fit for human consumption is
B. cows are larger than grasses known as
C. CAFOs take up land A. freshwater
D. there are more calories in a steak than B. treated water
a salad
C. well water
283. What type of Animal Eats insects? D. potable water
A. Herbivore 288. One way a local community might regu-
B. Carnivore late a shared and limited resource and re-
duce the tragedy of the commons is to
C. Insectivore
A. eliminate ownership of the resources
D. Frugivore and make them available to all
B. divide the resources into parcels and
284. Which of the following is an unintended
assign them to individuals
environmental consequence of aquacul-
ture? C. offer subsides to users of the re-
sources in the form of tax breaks
A. Meeting an increasing demand for
seafood D. reduce the cost of access to the re-
sources
B. Decreasing the prevalence of disease
in nearby wild fish 289. The best way to reduce groundwater pol-
lution is to
C. Contamination of surrounding water
by organic waste A. increase the use of groundwater min-
ing.
D. High initial cost of facility
B. prevent it from happening.
285. Water is known as a universal solvent C. build more desalination plants.
because
D. speed up the eutrophication process.
A. it is found throughout the world
290. The most valuable resource in the world
B. it is found throughout the universe today is:
C. it dissolves so many substances A. natural gas
D. is dissolves everything known to man B. wind

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1.8 Water Resources 121

C. oil C. groundwater
D. water D. irrigation

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291. It is a natural or artificial lake that stores 296. Water of Bhakra Nangal Project is being
water for human use. used mainly for:
A. dam A. hydel power and irrigation
B. reservoir B. fish breeding and navigation
C. salination C. industrial use
D. desalination D. flood control

292. What percent of fresh water is fit for hu- 297. Most freshwater on Earth is
man use? A. liquid
A. 1% B. frozen solid
B. 1.5% C. gas
C. 0.5% D. in the atmosphere
D. None of the above 298. what is an aquifer?
293. CAFOs make meat more economical, but A. a body of rock or sediment that
may have some negative environmental stores groundwater and allows the flow of
impacts. These include all of the following groundwater.
EXCEPT B. stores water to be used for water va-
A. high concentrations of animal waste. por
B. increase in nutrients in stormwater C. groundwater
runoff. D. allows the flow of water from rivers or
C. increase in sediments in stormwater lakes
runoff. 299. What would be the best definition of per-
D. increased use of land area over other meability?
types of animal farming. A. Percentage of the total volume of a
294. Which of the following would be an en- rock or sediment that consists of open
vironmental impact of high density animal spaces
farming? B. The ability of a rock or sediment to let
fluids pass through open spaces or pores
A. bad smells
C. The inability of a rock or sediment to
B. livestock can escape
let fluids pass through open spaces or
C. water pollution due to runoff pores
D. improvement of feeding efficiency D. The level below which the ground is
saturated with water
295. Water that collects in spaces and cracks
in rocks and soil underground. 300. What is a point-source pollution?
A. well A. Oil spilling from supertanker
B. aquifer B. Drainpipe spilling waste into river

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1.8 Water Resources 122

C. Toxic Chemicals B. a discharge pipe from a factory spew-

D. Single sites of waste ing toxic waste
C. chemicals added to roadsurfaces (salt
301. All of these are reasons why water and otherde-icing agents)
sources need to be conserved EXCEPT?
D. pesticides, herbicides, andfertilizer
A. We have a limited amount of fresh wa- from residential lawns, golf courses, and
ter. farmland
B. Pollution reduces the amount of usable

NARAYAN CHANGDER
306. which of the following is the least likely
water.
solution to groundwater depletion?
C. Because we need to save it for the A. encouraging privatization of water util-
whales ities
D. We could run out of usable water to B. growing more crops that are drought-
drink resistant in arid areas
302. This occurs when the demand for wa- C. raising the price of water to discour-
ter exceeds the available amount or when age waste
poor quality restricts its use. D. subsidizing water conservation
A. water stress
307. What is a downside to desalination?
B. water consumption
A. water availability
C. water withdrawal
B. cost
D. water scarcity C. location
303. The major cause for the decline in the D. vapor
worldwide catch of fish since 1990 is
308. Why are fossil fuels considered to be non-
A. escalating price of fuel renewable?
B. competition from aquaculture A. They are used up faster than they can
C. overfishing be made.
D. decline in market price B. They contain fossils.
C. They were made long ago.
304. The Ogallala Aquifer extends from South
Dakota to D. They are very expensive.

A. Texas 309. The ability of rock or soil to allow water

to flow through it.
B. Louisiana
A. porosity
C. New Mexico
B. percolation
D. Oklahoma
C. permeability
305. Which of the following is point-source D. equilibrium
pollution?
A. water runoff from city andsuburban 310. Many countries transport surface water
streets that maycontain oil, gasoline, an- by
imalfeces, and litter A. paddies and shadufs.

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1.8 Water Resources 123

B. chinampas and wind-powered pumps. 316. The more sustainable method of raising
C. aqueducts and underground pipes. meat is called

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D. large boats and tankers. A. rotational grazing
B. traditional grazing
311. Which of the following is not the source
C. ecological grazing
of water pollution?
D. sustainable grazing
A. Litter
B. Oil spills 317. Approximately how much of Earth’s wa-
ter is held in the oceans?
C. Smoking
A. 50%
D. Runoffs from pesticides
B. 97%
312. Leaky underground storage tanks are a
C. 76%
major source of what type of pollution?
D. 99%
A. groundwater
B. nonpoint-source 318. Most of Earth’s fresh water is in which
reservoir?
C. biological
A. atmosphere
D. sediment
B. glaciers
313. Sliding of huge debris, rocks and other C. groundwater
material down the slope is know as
D. surface water
A. Earthquakes
B. Volcanic Eruptions 319. How would living things MOST LIKELY be
affected if there were a shortage of water
C. Tsunami on Earth?
D. Land slides A. Living things would not be able to live,
reproduce, or regulate their own temper-
314. Globally, MOST fresh water used by hu-
ature
mans is for
B. Living things would not be able to ab-
A. drinking and cooking
sorb and transport heat or regulate their
B. washing and home use own temperature
C. agricultural irrigation C. Living things would not be able to re-
D. electrical production produce or absorb and transport heat
D. Living things would not be able to reg-
315. Why did Jawahar lal Nehru call dams the ulate their own temperature, live, or ab-
temples of India? sorb or transport heat.
A. They were multipurpose in nature
320. Drainage basins are sometimes called
B. Irrigation became better
A. monsoons
C. development of agriculture and the vil-
lage economy with rapid industrialisation B. runoffs
and growth of the urban economy C. groundwaters
D. Hydel power become ample D. reservoirs

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1.8 Water Resources 124

321. Water in an ocean is 326. This plan would involve the democratiza-
tion of healthcare, meaning that the gov-
A. Fresh water
ernment would mandate that every Amer-
B. Saline ican citizen have to the same type of
C. Solid health insurance.
A. access
D. Non of these
B. available
322. Which of the following is NOT a way that

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. conflict
clean water is damaged?
D. none of above
A. Pesticides and fertilizer runoff from
yards. 327. Which part of Earth absorbs the most sun-
light?
B. Pesticide and fertilizer runoff from
farms/agriculture. A. oceans

C. Toxic waste dumped by industries. B. soil

C. atmosphere
D. Natural filtration through grasslands
and forests. D. rivers and lakes

328. A forested hillside will help eliminate

323. is the cultivation of fish or shellfish
in artificial ponds. A. using pesticides, because the shade of
the forest prevents insect pests from en-
A. Hydroponics
tering the area
B. Ichthy-culture B. droughts, because transportation en-
C. Agriculture sures that forest areas always have a high
moisture level
D. Aquaculture
C. flooding, because trees help reduce
324. This is the compartment of water that soil erosion and the flow of water downs-
has shown a marked decline in the past 40 lope
years due to diverting of rivers to support D. unsustainable farming, because crops
agriculture. cannot be grown on forested slopes
A. Arial Sea 329. What percentage of the total volume of
B. Oglala Aquifer world’s water is estimated to exist as
oceans?
C. Lake Michigan
A. 94.5%
D. Lake Mead
B. 95.5%
325. Chlorine is often added during water C. 96.5%
treatment to
D. 97.5%
A. make particles for clumps
330. What percentage of the world’s water is
B. kill-disease-causing organisms fresh and drinkable?
C. improve the taste of water A. 6%
D. remove objects such as fish and trash B. 25%

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1.8 Water Resources 125

C. 3% B. Krishna
D. 36% C. Ganga

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331. A group of ecosystems within a region D. Satluj
that have similar types of vegetation and
336. Heat energy obtained from the earth is
similar climate conditions is a:
called ..
A. Strata
A. Solar Energy
B. Estuary
B. Hydel Energy
C. Habitat
C. Tidal Energy
D. Biome
D. Geothermal energy
332. Pollution that cannot be traced to a single
point because comes from many sources 337. a drought in the 1930s transformed large
part of the Midwest into a Dust Bowl. This
A. estuary is an example of
B. water shed A. the results of many inches of rain
C. non point source pollution falling within a few hours
D. none of above B. the conversion of rangeland or crop-
land into a desertlike area
333. The effect of sediment and nutrient pollu-
tion are the same in that C. evaporation of water from the ground
and release of moisture from leaves
A. oxygen is depleted
D. water flowing over the surface when it
B. toxic substances accumulate is unable to infiltrate the ground because
C. the water becomes acidic of saturation of the soil or a steep slope
D. pathogens are spread 338. An effective approach to preventing fu-
334. One way to conserve water in agriculture ture shortages of usable water should fo-
is to cus on
A. use a technique similar to the ancient A. emphasizing the additive effect of indi-
Egyptians’, whereby they relied on a river vidual conservation
to regularly overflow its banks B. developing and refining new ways to
B. plant crops in places with less sunlight produce fresh water
so there are fewer hours during the day C. reducing pollution of water sources by
for evaporation to occur education/enforcement
C. channel gray water from homes and in- D. All of the above
dustry to agricultural areas
339. Identify the natural cause of water
D. use a watering technique that focuses
scarcity.
the water in the immediate area of plant
roots A. Agricultural processes

335. Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is built on which B. Climate change

river? C. Pollution
A. Kaveri D. Economic development

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1.8 Water Resources 126

340. Which of the following describe the rela- 345. Full form of CITES is
tionship between D.O. and B.O.D.?
A. Conservation of International Trade in
A. When D.O. decreases, the B.O.D. de- Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
creases Flora.
B. When D.O. decreases, the B.O.D. in- B. Convention on International Trade in
creases Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
C. When B.O.D. decreases, the D.O. de- Flora.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
creases C. Conservation Internal Trade in Endan-
D. When B.O.D. increases, the D.O. de- gered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
creases D. Convention in Trade in Endangered
341. Why is clean water important? Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.

A. All life on Earth depends on clean wa- 346. Soil, vegetation, & rocks that are re-
ter to live and grow. moved to get to an ore deposit below
B. We need clean water for recreational A. reserve
activities.
B. ore
C. We need bodies of water for trans-
portation C. overburden

D. We need water to regulate the temper- D. tailings

ature on Earth.
347. What will MOST LIKELY happen if ground-
342. In a residence, which uses the least water is drawn from the ground faster
amount of water? than it can be restored?
A. toilets A. The water table will be lowered
B. showers B. The water will become polluted
C. washing clothes C. The water will flow to the sea
D. dishwasher D. The water will fill nearby wells.
343. During times of drought, the process of 348. all of the land area that supplies water
with dry ice crystals may be used. to a particular river system
A. cultural eutrophication A. watershed
B. chlorination
B. reservoir
C. aeration
C. aquifer
D. cloud seeding
D. water table
344. The land area that supplies water to a
river system is called 349. Water scarcity is similar to water stress.
A. a divide A. TRUE
B. a wetland B. FALSE
C. a watershed C. di q alam xori
D. a tributary D. none of above

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1.8 Water Resources 127

350. Ore leftovers after valuable minerals C. recycling both matter and high-quality
have been removed energy

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A. tailings D. using energy efficiently and reusing
B. smelting piles and recycling matter

C. extraction heap 356. Which of the following would reduce wa-

D. gravel ter tables?
A. snowmelt
351. water pollution includes
B. overpopulation
A. organisms in water that cause disease
C. flood
B. water that is too cold D. water pollution
C. high amounts of dissolved oxygen 357. His handling of foreign affairs mirrors
D. none of above a defining principle of Cambiemos: That
Argentina’s welfare cannot be dissociated
352. Sediment pollution is most closely tied to from the ebbs and flows of markets.
A. eutrophication A. contaminated
B. erosion B. plumbing
C. mining C. international
D. climate change D. none of above
353. The Green Revolution was 358. The continuous movement of water be-
A. a dramatic increase in crop yields in tween Earth and its atmosphere
developing countries A. precipitation
B. change to more sustainable agricul- B. water cycle
ture
C. homeostasis
C. way of fighting soil erosion
D. infiltration
D. power grab by the Green party in the
1980s 359. What is the first step in a typical drinking-
water treatment process?
354. Where is MOST of Earth’s available fresh-
A. chlorination
water stored?
B. filtration
A. the atmosphere
B. underground C. aeration

C. lakes and rivers D. settling

D. ice caps and glaciers 360. Which one of the following is not in
favour of the conservation of Nature?
355. A sustainable society would emphasize
A. switch off the bulb when not in use
A. A sustainable society would empha-
size B. close the tap immediately after using

B. converting the world’s high-quality en- C. dispose polypacks after shopping

ergy resources to low-quality heat D. Tree plantation

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1.8 Water Resources 128

361. Which is one way that water helps living 366. Which of the following is not the benefit
things? of rain water harvesting?
A. temperature regulation A. Helpful in production of hydro electric-
B. oxygen transportation ity

C. heat absorption B. It improves the quality of ground wa-

ter through dilution of contaminants like
D. nutrient production fluoride and nitrates

NARAYAN CHANGDER
362. activities involve over 1 billion peo- C. It increases water availability
ple worldwide and generate over $2.4 tril-
D. It checks the declining ground water
lion every year.
table
A. Agricultural
367. The farmers in India depend a lot on
B. contaminated
for irrigating their fields
C. plumbing
A. River
D. none of above
B. Underground water
363. What is a natural part of a forest ecosys- C. Rain
tem and may be required for seed germi-
nation? D. Lakes and ponds

A. floods 368. Which is a primary cause of dead zones

B. tornadoes in lakes and coastal estuaries?
C. fire A. Effluent from sewage treatment plants
D. polar vortex
B. Organic waste from agricultural fields
364. Marine fisheries are particularly suscep- and feedllots
tible to the tragedy of the commons be-
C. Power plants
cause
D. none of above
A. fish are r-selected species that experi-
ence boom and bust cycles. 369. The process of supplying fresh water to
B. fish are highly migratory, so they don’t farm fields and orchards is called
belong to any one nation. A. condensation
C. pollution is highest in areas with high B. irrigation
fish populations.
C. desalination
D. international waters are governed by
antiquated nautical law. D. reclamation

365. In Rajasthan what is rain water referred 370. What is a pollutant?

to as? A. a substance that causes harm to the
A. Barsaat pani environment
B. Barish pani B. bacteria
C. Palar Pani C. a virus that effects the environment
D. Badal pani D. pollen

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1.8 Water Resources 129

371. Which one of the following properties of 376. Conservation:

a mineral is not correct? A. Protecting things in nature

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A. Impure B. Sprays that kill bugs
B. Non-Renewable C. Littering and dumping illegally on the
C. Unevenly Distributed ground
D. Non exhaustible D. Making something new out of some-
thing old
372. Which of the following abiotic factors
would likely affect humans directly? 377. Why mine tailings can be dangerous

A. soil pH A. can cause miners to trip

B. Humidity B. can be full of sharp objects

C. can cause acid leaching into water bod-
C. water availability
ies
D. climate change
D. are full of conflict minerals
373. Which of the following statements about 378. Which of the following environmental ef-
greywater is correct? fects would most likely result from the
A. Greywater can be used for cooking. clear-cutting of boreal forests by industrial
logging operations?
B. Greywater is suitable for washing.
A. There will be an increase in atmo-
C. Greywater is suitable for watering
spheric oxygen concentration, which will
plants.
improve air quality.
D. Greywater comprises of all the B. There will be an increase in farming on
wastewater from domestic use. the cleared areas of land, which will re-
duce incidences of flooding.
374. hold water until it is needed.
C. There will be an increase in at-
A. Dams
mospheric carbon dioxide concentration,
B. Reservoirs which will contribute to climate change.
C. Aqueducts D. There will be a decrease in the temper-
ature of soil and nearby bodies of water,
D. Valleys
which will increase biodiversity.
375. water that has been used in households, 379. In which of the following states, the
businesses, industries, or public facilities groundwater utilization is very high?
and drained or flushed down the pipes, as
well as the polluted runoff from streets A. Bihar
and storm drains B. UP
A. wastewater C. Punjab
B. point-source pollution D. Gujarat
C. nonpoint-source pollution
380. What is the difference between aquacul-
D. pathogen ture and fisheries?

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1.8 Water Resources 130

A. Aquaculture raises ocean species, D. none of above

while fisheries raises freshwater species
384. Water percolates downward until it
reaches the aquifer where it becomes
B. Aquaculture requires feeding fish trapped in cracks, crevasse and fractured
other fish, while fish in fisheries can eat stone. Which layer is this within an
soybean and corn aquifer?
C. Aquaculture involves raising aquatic A. saturated zone
species, while fisheries are natural re-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
sources harvested without direct human B. unsaturated zone
input C. surface
D. Fisheries involves raising aquatic D. atmosphere
species for feeding to aquaculture
species 385. water in spaces between rock, soil, and
gravel, is called what ?
381. What is ONE disadvantage of desalina-
A. soil moisture
tion?
B. perched water
A. The process kills fish
C. groundwater
B. The process uses fuel that is expensive
D. soil aquifer
C. The process makes water that is un- 386. Which of the following was not part of
safe to drink the Clean Water Act?
D. The process is too difficult to carry out A. set standards for pollution levels
in big cities
B. funded construction of sewage treat-
382. All of the following are impacts of ment plants
damming the colorado river EXCEPT C. limited the release of point-source pol-
A. the migration of some fish populations lution
has been interrupted D. regulated the amount of fertilizers and
B. flooding downstream of the dams has pesticides that are contained in runoff
displaced people and destroyed property
387. Rainwater that flows over land without
C. reservoirs behind dams have lost large sinking into the soil.
amounts of water due to evaporation
A. runoff
D. areas upstream of the dams have been
flooded and habitats for many species B. spring
have been destroyed C. groundwater

383. There are some varieties of firebush D. aqueduct

at the nursery that don’t produce much 388. How can people conserve water at
bloom, so only select the specimens in full home?
bloom.
A. rinsing dishes with cool water instead
A. available of warm water
B. contaminated B. washing dishes on ly when the dish-
C. distributed washer is full

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1.8 Water Resources 131

C. bathing pets with a hose instead of a 394. What is the process of moving water
bucket from its source to places where humans
can use it?

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D. eating fish bought from the store.
A. water table
389. The process of suppling fresh water to
B. recharge zone
farm fields for growing crops.
C. well
A. aqueduct
D. water diversion
B. irrigation
395. Lake Erie and Lake Ontario suffer from
C. spring
D. runoff A. eutrophication
390. the process of removing salt from seawa- B. global cooling
ter C. overpopulation of fish
A. desalination D. treated water
B. runoff 396. About what percent of Earth’s Water is
C. salinization drinkable?
D. wastewater A. 3%
B. 21%
391. and movements were launched
against the multipurpose projects C. 70%
D. Less than 1%
A. ’narmada bachao and chipko move-
ment 397. The majority of water directly consumed
B. save silent valley movement and tehri per U.S. citizen is used for
dam A. watering the lawn
C. Narmada bachao and tehri dam B. washing clothes
D. none of above C. flushing the toilet
D. washing the car
392. Which of the following is NOT a primary
source goal of a dam or reservior? 398. When a pathogen makes it way into our
water it is known as pollution.
A. produce electricity
A. chemical
B. clean the water supply
B. physical
C. reduce down stream flooding
C. biological
D. supply water for irrigation
D. thermal
393. How much world’s water exist as fresh- 399. Which are ways that many countries
water transport surface water?
A. 2.5% A. paddies and shadufs
B. 3.5% B. chinampas and wind-powered pumps
C. 4% C. aqueducts and underground pipes
D. 5% D. large boats and tankers

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1.8 Water Resources 132

400. percent of water found on the Earth C. Running sink water

is freshwater. D. Laundry
A. 10
406. Water that are rich in organisms and or-
B. 3 ganic materials which show and increase in
C. 32 nutrient levels and biological productivity
is called…
D. 70
A. red tide

NARAYAN CHANGDER
401. It is an obstruction placed in a river or B. eutrophic
stream to block it’s flow.
C. oligotrophic
A. dam
D. oxygen sag
B. reservoir
407. A bloom of deadly aquatic microorgan-
C. salination
isms where the toxins pollute the water
D. desalination for consumption is called…
402. In which of the following areas is water A. red tide
stress most prevalent? B. eutrophic
A. South America C. oligotrophic
B. North America D. oxygen sag
C. Asia 408. What does CAFO stand for?
D. Australia and Oceania A. Concentrated Animal Feeding Opera-
tion
403. The percentage of total volume of a rock
that has spaces or pores B. Community Animal Feeding Operation
A. porosity C. Community Agricultural Food Opera-
tion
B. porability
D. Concentrated Agricultural Federal Op-
C. permeability portunities
D. 100%
409. Untreated industrial effluents pollute the
404. The accumulation of toxins in an organ- water with
ism often through the process of produc- A. Metals
tion and consumption
B. Nitrates
A. Biological magnification C. Only option 1
B. Biological accumulation D. Both option 1 and 2
C. Biological Remediation
410. The major threats to the environment
D. Biological restoration are:
405. What house hold process uses the most A. Landslides
water? B. Soil erosion
A. Flushing the toilet C. Desertification
B. Taking a shower D. All the above

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1.8 Water Resources 133

411. Sources of pollution, such as factories, C. residence time

power plants and oil wells, which dis- D. none of above
charge pollution from a specific location is

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called? 416. Different crops are grown in alternate
A. atmospheric deposition rows and are sown at different times to
protect the soil from rain wash is known
B. non-point source pollution
as
C. point source pollution
A. Intercropping
D. water pollution
B. Intracropping
412. what is another major cause of water pol- C. Mixed cropping
lution?
D. Terrace farming
A. farmers using chemicals
B. drinking too much water 417. The area of upper soil layers that hold
both air and water is called?
C. recycling
A. infiltration
D. fish
B. zone of saturation
413. Some ways water shapes Earth’s surface
C. zone aeration
is
D. recharge zone
A. by transporting nutrients and waste
B. by forming glaciers and weathering 418. Which of the following is a renewable re-
ocean shores source?
C. by forming river and mountains A. coal
D. by absorbing and transporting solar B. oil
energy C. forests
414. Who benefitted from the multipurpose D. iron ore
projects?
419. Underground formation that contains
A. landowners and large farmers, indus-
groundwater
trialists
A. aquifer
B. Local land owners
C. Government B. percolator

D. Builders C. recharge zone

D. watershed
415. This happens along coastlines and in ar-
eas where salt water deposits are left 420. A well in which groundwater rises be-
form ancient oceans, over use of freshwa- cause of pressure is called a(n)
ter reservoirs often allow saltwater to in-
A. spring well
trude into aquifers used for domestic and
agricultural purposes. B. geyser well
A. salt water intrusion C. artesian well
B. rain shadow D. cry well

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1.8 Water Resources 134

421. Which of the following human factor is 427. It refers to the removal of salt from
an important determinant of land use pat- ocean water
tern?
A. dam
A. Population
B. reservoir
B. Technology
C. salination
C. Only option 1
D. Both options 1 and 2 D. desalination

NARAYAN CHANGDER
422. Most of the world’s water is used for 428. How much of the protein consumed by hu-
what? mans around the world is fish?
A. Industry A. 5 percent
B. Farming/Agriculture
B. 20 percent
C. Reservoirs
C. 40 percent
D. It’s found in clouds
D. 50 percent
423. Fire suppression has caused
A. flooding 429. is the longest irrigation canal in the
world.
B. bigger and more dangerous fires
C. loss of biodiversity A. Rajiv Gandhi Canal

D. smaller and less dangerous fires B. Mahatma Gandhi Canal

424. Which of the following uses the MOST C. Indira Gandhi Canal
water? D. Western Desert Canal
A. Homes
430. An increase in the oxygen demanding
B. Yards
waste (organic matter) in a body of water
C. Hospitals will
D. Agriculture A. Increase the BOD and increase DO
425. Community lands are also known as this. B. Increase the BOD and decrease DO
A. Common Resources
C. Decrease the BOD and increase the
B. Resource for all DO
C. Property Resources D. Decrease the BOD and decrease DO
D. Common Property Resources
431. Any pollutant that causes genetic muta-
426. Overuse of farmland can cause a deple- tions and/or cancer is a(n)
tion in soil nutrients and can lead to
A. anthropogenic
A. waterlogging
B. desertification B. eutrophicant

C. irrigation C. carcinogen
D. intercropping D. oxidizer

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1.8 Water Resources 135

432. Assertion (A) - Land is an important 437. In the semi-arid and arid regions of Ra-
resource because it provides surface for jasthan, particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi
agriculture, living, forestry, industries, and Barmer, where was drinking water

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etc.Reason(R) - Destruction of forest stored?
cover is a major reason of land degrada- A. underground tanks or tankas
tion.
B. Small village pond
A. Both A and R are correct and R is the
correct explanation of A C. Wells

B. Both A and R are correct and R is not D. Rooftop tank

the correct explanation of A 438. What is an underground layer of rock or
C. Only A is Correct soil filled with water called?
D. Only R is Correct A. Aquifer

433. What is the largest source of oil pollution B. Pool

in water? C. Well
A. routine intentional oil dumping D. Permeability
B. oil producing bacteria 439. The process responsible for soil forma-
C. nutural seepage into the environment tion is called
D. none of above A. Erosion
B. Weathering
434. Which of the following is the main way
that water makes its way to oceans and C. Landforms
lakes? D. None of the above
A. Evaporation
440. a disease-causing organism
B. Dams
A. pathogen
C. Rivers and streams
B. red tide
D. Runoff
C. algal bloom
435. Which of the following is not a benefit of D. xeriscaping
a reservoir scheme?
441. Agricultural fields which are used as rain-
A. Can be used to generate electricity.
fed storage structures are called:
B. Reduces flooding downstream.
A. Kuls
C. Can improve routes for migratory fish.
B. Khadins/johads
C. Recharge pits
D. Can generate income from tourism
D. None of these
436. Able to allow water to pass through.
442. The size of an aquifer’s recharge zone is
A. Accumulation affected by the of the surface above
B. Runoff the aquifer.
C. Porosity A. Permeability
D. Permeability B. Porosity

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1.8 Water Resources 136

C. Water table 448. what is the main cause of water pollu-

D. Desalinization tion?
A. invasive species
443. The big idea for the solution to scale
comes from Scott Crosby and from my past B. animals
time as a software CEO the net- C. plants and insects
work effect.
D. human impact and decision making
A. distributed

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. access 449. Which of these resources covers about
30% of the total surface of earth?
C. resources
A. Land
D. none of above
B. Soil
444. One of the common sources of infectious C. Air
agents in water is
D. Water
A. Inorganic compounds
B. Sediments 450. Which of the following social movements
is/ are not a resistance to multi-purpose
C. Animal waste
projects?
D. Radioactive materials
A. Narmada Bachao Andolan
445. What is the majority of land in India used B. Tehri Bachao Andolan
for?
C. Chipko movement
A. Pasture
D. None of these
B. Cultivation
C. Forests 451. Surface Mining and Control Reclamation
Act
D. None of these
A. mandates that miners give half of what
446. The major source of fresh water in India they find to the government
is
B. allows miners to place a stake on pub-
A. Groundwater lic land for $5 per acre
B. Rainfall C. mandates reclamation
C. Atmospheric water D. is meant to bankrupt mining compa-
D. Ocean water nies

447. The largest watershed in the United 452. What is ONE important role that ocean
States is the waters have in heating Earth?
A. Mississippi River A. absorb and transport solar energy
B. Yukon River B. transport nutrients and waste
C. Colorado River C. create and emit solar energy
D. Ohio River D. wear away rock and soil

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1.8 Water Resources 137

453. Contaminants carried by air currents and 457. Which of the following is globally the
precipitated into watersheds or directly highest user of water?
onto surface waters as rain, snow, or dry

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A. Agriculture sector
particles is called?
B. Industrial sector
A. atmospheric depositon
C. Leisure sector
B. non-point source pollution
C. point source pollution D. Domestic sector

D. water pollution 458. How much freshwater is available?

454. Which of the following statements are A. 20%
true concerning sustainable rangeland B. 3%
management? I. Because the rangeland
grasses grow from the base and not the C. 1%
tip, rangeland grass is a renewable re- D. 54%
source, as long as the lower portion of
the blade remains.II. Rangelands should be 459. The Earth’s water is percent of fresh
managed to ensure the carrying capacity water.
is exceeded.III. Moderate grazing is bene-
A. 3
ficial to the rangelands because it encour-
ages new plant growth. B. 25
A. III only C. 75
B. I and II only D. 90
C. I and III only
460. Indira Gandhi Canal ends near
D. I, II, and III
A. Jaipur
455. what is the water division of earth B. Jaiselmer
A. ocean water 97 per cent, freshwater C. Udaipur
frozen as ice 2 per cent and freshwater 1
per cent D. Jodhpur
B. ocean water-47%, freshwater 50%, 461. Why have multi-purpose projects and
freshwater frozen as ice 3% large dams come under great scrutiny and
C. ocean water 1%, freshwater frozen as opposition recently?
ice-90%, freshwater9% A. The positioning the dams is not techni-
D. freshwater-33.33%, freshwater frozen cally correct
as ice 33.33%, ocean water 33.33%
B. Regulating and damming of rivers af-
456. Area of land that is drained by a river fect their natural flow causing poor sedi-
ment flow and excessive sedimentation at
A. river system the bottom of the reservoir
B. recharge zone C. Spread of disease
C. watershed D. Dams built recently are not strong
D. beach enough

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1.8 Water Resources 138

462. Which of the following is not a factor of 468. Which step of water treatment removes
soil formation? plant nutrients, especially nitrates and
A. time phosphates, from effluent?
B. soil texture A. primary treatment
C. Organic matter B. secondary treatment
D. All of these C. tertiary treatment

463. Most of the water used in the world is D. none of above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
for 469. Why do so many tornadoes occur in “tor-
A. electricity generation. nado alley”?
B. industry. A. This is where cold air masses from the
C. agriculture. south run into warm air masses from the
North
D. recreation.
B. This is where warm air masses from
464. what is water pollution? the south run into cold air masses from
A. water being contaminated with pollu- the North
tants C. This is where warm air masses from
B. when you get water dirty the West run into cold air masses from the
C. when fish over populate a lake East

D. when your water tastes bad D. This is where warm air masses from
the East run into cold air masses from the
465. The largest body of freshwater in the West.
world is
470. The percentage of fresh water is avail-
A. the Pacific Ocean
able and fit for human use is
B. the Mississippi River
A. 2.7%
C. Lake Superior
B. 70%
D. the Ogallala Aquifer
C. 1%
466. Which of the following is a result of sur-
D. 0.1%
face mining?
A. primary succession 471. One important role that ocean waters
have in heating Earth is that it
B. black lung disease
C. mountain top mining A. absorb and transport solar energy.

D. increased albedo B. transport nutrients and waste.

C. create and emit solar energy.
467. What percentage of the Earth’s fresh wa-
ter is frozen? D. wear away rock and soil.
A. 75% 472. In most parts of modern America, we
B. 3% have to clean, fresh water every day.
C. 2% A. access
D. 97% B. agricultural

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1.8 Water Resources 139

C. available B. rain shadow

D. none of above C. residence time

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D. none of above
473. Which one of the following statements is
not an argument in favour of multipurpose 478. Wildlife includes
river projects?
A. Animals & Birds
A. Multi-purpose projects bring water to
B. Insects
those areas which suffer from water
scarcity C. Aquatic life forms
B. Multi-purpose projects by regulating D. All of the above
water flow helps to control floods 479. Planting trees, grass, or any plant to cre-
C. Multi-purpose projects lead to large ate a “natural fence” to protect water
scale displacements and loss of livelihood from pollutants
A. fertilizer
D. Multi-purpose projects generate elec- B. drought
tricity for our industries and our homes
C. vegetative buffer
474. More than % of the Earth is covered D. infiltration
with water.
480. largest watershed in the United States
A. 75%
A. Chesapeake Bay Watershed
B. 70%
B. Mississippi River Watershed
C. 60%
C. Susquehanna River Watershed
D. 80%
D. Turri River Watershed
475. Water on the top the earth can form lakes
481. Which word describes and artificial pond
or rivers, these are termed
with raised edges used for agriculture
A. fresh water
A. shaduf
B. infiltration B. paddy
C. surface water C. aqueduct
D. groundwater D. chinampa
476. Bioaccumulation is 482. People and their demands are ever grow-
A. where a toxin accumulates in an ing but the availability of land is limited.
aquifer Also, the quality of land differs from place
to place, and some land is more useful to
B. where a toxin accumulates in the tis-
humans. On what basis can land be di-
sues of an animal
vided?
C. the result of complex food chains
A. Culture land and subculture land.
D. the result of wastewater treatment
B. Private land and community land
477. This is the time that water usually stays C. Recyclable land and Non Recyclable
with in its compartment or storage place. land
A. salt water intrusion D. All of the above

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1.8 Water Resources 140

483. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING VEGETA- A. Dried up rivers/seas can mean that
TION IS GROWN IN THE AREAS OF HEAVY people lose fishing jobs
RAINFALL? B. Dust storms from the newly dried area
A. GRASSLAND can impact breathing and air quality
B. FORESTS C. Water is able to reach farms and
C. SHRUBS towns further away from a river, opening
up more places for people to live
D. THORNY BUSHES

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above
484. Which of the following is an example of
nonpoint-source pollution? 489. The Deepwater Horizon disaster is an ex-
ample of what kind of pollution?
A. a boat leaking motor oil
A. point source
B. a pipe releasing hot water
B. non-point source
C. rain washing salt off the roads
C. sediment
D. a container leaking chemicals
D. nutrient
485. What type of system targets individual
plants and introduces water directly into 490. The stage of sewage treatment that uses
the soil rather than with a sprinkler sys- filters, screens or grit tanks to remove
tem? macroscopic materials

A. desalination A. Primary

B. reverse osmosis B. Secondary

C. waterlogging C. Tertiary

D. drip irrigation D. Disinfection

486. How much salt water covers the earth? 491. Sliding of huge debris, rocks and other
material down the slope is known as:
A. 23.7%
A. Volcanic Eruptions
B. 80%
B. Earthquake
C. 71%
C. Land slides
D. 54.5%
D. Tsunami
487. Why is water scarcity mainly caused?
492. Which of these physical features are best
A. Water pollution suited for living?
B. excessive use and unequal access to A. Deserts
water
B. Mountains
C. Water management
C. Plains and river valleys
D. Using to utility
D. All of the above
488. All are ways human lives are impacted
because of changing water resources. 493. Desalination produces large amounts of
Which of the following is an example of ?
a POSITIVE impact? A. dissolved oxygen

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1.8 Water Resources 141

B. bacteria C. Road grime on cars being washed in

C. salt many peoples’ driveways.

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D. Emissions from all of the vehicles.
D. waste
499. Each time we turn on the tap, sys-
494. Which is a way to conserve water? tems bring this important resource into our
A. Plant only one type of plant like grass homes.
B. Discard all water collected in your gut- A. conflict
ters B. plumbing
C. Utilize gutters and rain barrels to col- C. population
lect rain water
D. none of above
D. All of the above
500. The Narmada Bachao Andolan is associ-
495. Which of the following examples is con- ated with
sidered potable? A. Sardar sarovar dam
A. sewage B. Tehri dam
B. lead paint C. Hirakud
C. bottled water D. Gandhinagar
D. standing water 501. A natural area designated to protect the
ecological integrity of one or more ecosys-
496. How did the increasing number of indus-
tems for present and future generations is
tries affect the water condition?
known as
A. No effect on water A. Botanical Gardens
B. pressure on existing freshwater re- B. National Park
sources
C. Wildlife Sanctuaries
C. Balance between use of water and in-
D. Bio reserves
dustry
D. Unequal distribution of water 502. Which of the following would PREVENT
soil erosion on a farm?
497. The build up of salt in soil leading to a A. over-grazing
loss in crop productivity is called
B. deforestation
A. irrigation
C. plowing
B. desertification
D. crop rotations
C. salinization
503. The first and the only state in India which
D. denitrification has made roof top rain water harvesting
compulsory to all across the state.
498. What is the only example of point source
pollution below: A. Karnataka
A. A leak from a city sewer pipe. B. Kerala
B. Car exhaust getting caught in the rain. C. Tamil Nadu
D. Maharashtra

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1.8 Water Resources 142

504. Land used for business and/or use of nat- 510. The Clean Water Act of 1972 focused on
ural resources is called
A. Residential Land A. parks and recreational areas
B. Transport Land
B. rural communities
C. Commercial Land
C. point-source pollution
D. Agricultural Land
D. non-point source pollution
505. Which of the following is true about rain-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
fall harvesting schemes? 511. When water changes form from a LIQUID
A. They are expensive. to a GAS?
B. Is relatively easy to maintain. A. Condensation
C. They increase risk of flooding. B. Evaporation
D. They increase risk of soil erosion.
C. Precipitation
506. Which of the following affects how fresh-
D. none of above
water is used?
A. Age 512. Any physical, biological, or chemical
B. Education change in water quality that adversely af-
fects living organisms or makes water un-
C. Population size
suitable for desired uses is called?
D. Ocean acidity
A. atmospheric deposition
507. To help regulate river flow and to build a
stable supply of water, engineers build B. non-point source pollution
A. aquifers. C. point source pollution
B. water tables. D. water pollution
C. dams.
513. The material could be used as a filter for
D. wells.
cleaning drinking water.
508. Recycling:
A. agricultural
A. Making something new out of some-
thing old B. contaminated

B. Sprays that kill bugs C. international

C. Where something exists or lives D. none of above
D. Smoke and harmful gases
514. Only a very small portion of Earth’s wa-
509. Water pollution that comes from many ter is both liquid and
sources is considered
A. salty
A. point source pollution
B. fresh
B. nonpoint source pollution
C. thermal pollution C. frozen
D. ocean pollution D. underground

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1.8 Water Resources 143

515. This agency manages about 253 million 520. The colorado river is
acres of America’s public lands as well as A. an underutilized resource that could
700 million acres of subsurface mineral es-

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easily provide water to farmers, ranchers,
tate. and cities
A. U.S. Department of Agriculture B. a government subsidized water utility
B. Bureau of Land Management that provides cities such as san diego, las
vegas, and los angeles with cheaper wa-
C. National Park Service
ter because lake powell and lake mead
D. US Department of the Interior are huge bodies of water
516. A paper towel has permeability. A rock C. a water diversion project that supplies
can have it too. Permeability is water to large cities such as las vegas, los
angeles, and san diego
A. the inability to hold water
D. a confined aquifer that is being over
B. the ability to hold water
pumped and polluted because of increas-
C. allowing water to pass through ing populations in the cities it serves
D. none of above 521. Water cycle is also known as
517. What is it called when a persistent pollu- A. Hydrological cycle
tant (like mercury or PCBs) builds up in the B. Oxygen cycle
tissues of an organism as they continue to
eat something that contains the pollutant C. Renewable cycle

A. Subsidence D. Continuous cycle

B. Biomagnification 522. Manufacturers use water

C. Bioaccumulation A. to transport people.
D. Cultural eutrophication B. to irrigate farms.
C. to create tools.
518. Which of the following do farmers do
to keep soil from being depleted of nutri- D. to produce wood and paper products.
ents? 523. An underground layer of rock or sediment
A. Contour Plowing that holds water
B. Terracing A. watershed
C. Plant trees to slow the wind B. groundwater
D. Crop rotation C. permeability
D. aquifer
519. What can you do to help protect ground-
water? 524. What is the only example of Non-point
A. Recycle used waste oil. source pollution below?
B. Don’t use more lawn chemicals than A. Emissions from the exhaust pipes of
necessary. everyone’s cars.
C. Dispose of hazardous and household B. A leaky city sewer pipe.
chemicals properly. C. A factory dumping hazardous waste.
D. All of the above. D. Litter from pedestrians.

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1.8 Water Resources 144

525. Which of the following is a positive out- A. They can transfer large amounts of wa-
come of tilling? ter to where it is needed.
A. reduced soil drainage B. They cause little environmental impact.
B. increased soil erosion
C. Only surplus water is transferred that
C. increased aeration would otherwise be lost to the sea.
D. decreased crop production D. They are cheap.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
526. Overuse of groundwater in coastal areas 531. In the coastal and dry regions, rows of
would most likely result in which of the trees are planted to check the wind move-
following? ment to protect soil cover, this process is
A. Rise in water table known as

B. Increase in stream flow A. Contour Barriers

B. Terrace Cultivation
C. Bacterial contamination of surface wa-
ter C. shelter belts
D. Saltwater intrusion D. mulching
532. 2/3 of freshwater on Earth is “locked
527. Water pollution that comes from a single
away” in what water source location?
source is considered
A. atmosphere
A. point source pollution
B. rivers and lakes
B. nonpoint source pollution
C. underground
C. thermal pollution
D. ice and glaciers
D. ocean pollution
533. Bhakra Nangal river valley project is
528. A hole dug into an aquifer to reach made on the river
groundwater is called A. Satluj Beas
A. a water table B. Ravi Chenab
B. accumulation C. Ganga
C. an aeration zone D. Son
D. a well 534. What would be the best definition of
porosity?
529. Which one of the following is not the
A. Percentage of the total volume of a
cause of water scarcity?
rock or sediment that consists of open
A. Rapid growth of population spaces
B. Uneven distribution of water re- B. The ability of a rock or sediment to let
sources fluids pass through open spaces or pores
C. Construction of dams and reserves C. The inability of a rock or sediment to
let fluids pass through open spaces or
D. Increase in demand
pores
530. Why are water transfer schemes popu- D. The level below which the ground is
lar? saturated with water

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1.8 Water Resources 145

535. Air Pollution: C. Salinity

A. Smoke and harmful gases D. None of these

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B. Littering and dumping illegally on the 541. What can make groundwater unsafe to
ground drink?
C. Water, soil, minerals, wildlife, forests, A. Leaky landfills
etc.
B. Wells
D. Where something exists or lives
C. Under-ground water
536. Which of the following in a non- D. none of above
renewable resource?
542. Which of the following is not an endan-
A. Hydroelectricity
gered species?
B. Natural Gas
A. Gray Wolves
C. Solar heating
B. Big Horn Sheep
D. Wind energy
C. Coyotes
537. Where does water vapor exist? D. Key Deer
A. Rivers and lakes 543. This process of collecting and storing rain-
B. The atmosphere water is called
C. Ice caps and glaciers A. Rainwater storing
D. All of the above B. Rainwater Harvesting

538. Which of the following is a famous bird C. Rainwater collection

sanctuary? D. Rainwater saving
A. Kaziranga National park 544. How much of Earth’s water is fresh wa-
B. Gir forest ter?
C. Mudumalai A. 3
D. Bharatpur Sanctuary B. 25
C. 75
539. Underground caverns and porous layers
of sand, gravel, or bedrock through which D. 90
groundwater flows
545. What type of Animal Eats meat?
A. Aquifer
A. Herbivore
B. Confined aquifer
B. Carnivore
C. water table
C. Insectivore
D. transpiration
D. Frugivore
540. Due to what feature is ocean water unfit 546. Compared with people in developing
for human consumption? countries, people in industrialized coun-
A. Poisonous tries are more likely to eat…
B. Water Temperature A. Beef

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1.8 Water Resources 146

B. Corn B. Crop rotation

C. Rice C. Contour plowing
D. Beans D. Plant trees to slow down the wind.

547. pollution that comes from many places 552. Trees in shed their leaves in a par-
over a large area ticular season in order to conserve loss of
A. nonpoint-source pollution moisture through transpiration.
A. Tropical Evergreen Forest.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. point-source pollution
C. surface water B. Evergreen Forest

D. runoff C. Deciduous Forest

D. Tundra
548. If groundwater is drawn from the ground
faster than it can be restored then 553. Ocean dumping was once consider
A. the water table will be lowered. A. ethical
B. the water will become polluted. B. inexpensive
C. the water will flow to the sea. C. convenient
D. the water will fill nearby wells. D. both inexpensive and convenient

549. All of the following would result in an 554. How does water get into the ground?
area that would result in an area thast A. evaporation
was recently clear-cut EXCEPT;
B. infiltration
A. A loss of soil nutrients, because of the
increase in wind and water erosion. C. precipitation

B. An increase in erosion, because water D. condensation

flows faster on denuded slopes. 555. You must build a model of an aquifer for
C. An increase in biodiversity, because a science project. What material would be
cleared land is more inviting to a variety the best to use for the layer that will hold
of new species. water?
D. An increase in water pollution as sedi- A. an impermeable material, such as clay
ment flows into streams.

550. The All-American Canal, which brings wa- B. a liquid, such as oil
ter from the Colorado River to farm fields C. a permeable material, such as gravel
in California, is an example of D. a material that does not have pores
A. a dam
556. A hole dug by the people to bring un-
B. a water diversion derground water to the surface for daily
C. a reservoir household activities.
D. a well A. canals

551. Which of the following do farmers do to B. dams

decrease erosion on gently sloping land? C. sea
A. Terracing D. well

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1.8 Water Resources 147

557. What is the most common use of water 562. Natural Vegetation and wildlife exist
in the United States? only in the narrow zone called

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A. domestic use A. Atmosphere
B. agriculture B. Lithosphere
C. power plants C. Biosphere
D. industry D. Hydrosphere
558. The world is covered by water. 563. One method of desalination uses high
A. 90% pressure to force saltwater through a
membrane filter. This method is called
B. 80%
A. diffusion
C. 70%
D. 60% B. distillation
C. reverse osmosis
559. Consider and evaluate the following
statements and choose the correct answer D. active transport
from the given options. Options- I. The
564. Harmful algal blooms are a result of what
availability of usable water is limiting day
type of pollution?
by day. II. The available water resource is
getting polluted due to increase in popula- A. oil
tion, industrial, agricultural and domestic B. nutrient
effluents.
C. mercury
A. Only statement II is correct
D. groundwater
B. Both are correct. Statement II cor-
rectly explains statement I 565. Why is freshwater a limited source?
C. Both are correct but not related to A. people do not need fresh water
each other
B. most of earth water is covered in fresh
D. Both are wrong water
560. Which water compartment can store wa- C. a small percentage of liquid fresh wa-
ter for up to 100, 000 years? ter is found on earth
A. oceans D. humans use salt water more
B. ice and snow 566. Which of the following logging methods
C. lakes would be the least sustainable?
D. rivers A. selectively remove only the high-value
trees
561. Point beneath Earth’s surface where the
soil is saturated with water. B. remove all but the healthiest trees
from the forest
A. recharge zone
C. cut down all trees that do not tolerate
B. water chair shade
C. watershed D. remove all of the trees in the forest in
D. water table one operation

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 1.9 Land Utilization 148

567. How old are the water molecules in your 571. Which of the following best illustrates
glass or bottle of water? the concept of the tragedy of the com-
A. Several days mons?
B. around 1, 000 years A. Selective harvesting of trees by a tim-
ber company in a national forest
C. a million years
D. thousands of millions of years B. Legislation of catch limits to avoid de-
pletion of fish stocks in a shared lake
568. Which is NOT a source of surface water?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Inadvertent destruction of beneficial
A. lakes species while attempting to control pests
B. wetlands
C. streams D. Depletion of an aquifer by regional
D. water vapor farmers

569. What type of Animal Eats fruit? 572. According to the water cycle, what is in-
A. Herbivore filtration and percolation?

B. Carnivore A. Water vapor forms into clouds

C. Insectivore B. Groundwater moves into plants
D. Frugivore C. Water vapor becomes solid
570. The bacteria can be found in shower D. Liquid water flows into the ground
heads and faucets, hot tubs, cooling tow-
573. Most injuries in tornadoes are caused by
ers, hot water tanks, decorative fountains,
or systems in large buildings.
A. agricultural A. flying debris
B. plumbing B. hail
C. population C. lightning strikes
D. none of above D. none of above

1.9 Land Utilization

1. A legal description of a property is one of D. is written by an attorney licensed to
which practice real estate law in the state in
which the property is located.
A. accurately identifies the boundaries of
the property as distinct from all other 2. Police station is a type of .
properties.
A. commercial land use.
B. accurately describes the location and B. industrial land use.
dimensions the lot and improvements on
C. recreational land use.
the property.
D. institutional land use.
C. is accepted by a licensed surveyor as
suitable for inclusion in a survey of the 3. An urban planner is designing a new ur-
property. ban housing development. It will have

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1.9 Land Utilization 149

five apartment buildings, two basketball A. consumers can access a wider variety
courts, a playground with permeable foam of fruits and veggies
pavers, a 10-acre green space with a small

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B. soil is able to grow crops for a longer
man-made pond, one 5-story parking deck, time period without becoming depleted of
and direct access to the mass transit train nutrients
line.Which of the following will best help
to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide re- C. farmers will have to purchase new
leased into the atmosphere? equipment each year to work with the
wide variety of crops
A. The land cleared to build the new de-
velopment occurs in a rural area rather D. individuals will be able to take less sup-
than within the city limits. plemenmtal vitamins due to the access to
nutrients in their diet
B. The playground is made with perme-
able foam pavers rather than with imper- 7. In European cities it is not unusual for
vious concrete.
A. single family homes with every large
C. Access to the mass transit train line yards
will provide inhabitants an alternative to
driving personal vehicles. B. shops to be at the street level and
apartments (homes) on upper levels
D. Food and other resources must be
transported to the development from up C. wealthy people living in the suburbs
to 200 miles away. D. urban poor living in the city center

4. least beneficial in trying to reduce insect 8. The health of a forest can play a major role
damage in maintaining human health by
A. planting polycultures A. being a source of mining
B. planting monocultures B. providing medicines from forest
C. rotating crops species

D. planting barrier hedges C. providing paper

D. providing wildlife habitats
5. One way that planners enforce their deci-
sions is , the practice of classifying ar- 9. A model of the internal structure of cities in
eas for different types of development and which social groups are spatially arranged
land use. in a series of rings.
A. Ecological restoration A. Concentric Zone Model
B. Zoning B. Peripheral Model
C. Heat Island C. Multiple Nuclei Model
D. Economics D. Sector Model
6. Crop rotation is a strategy used by farm- 10. How can the health of a forest play a role
ers where a different type of crop is grown in maintaining human health?
on the same soil every season. How has
the development of this method of crop A. Forest provide numerous wildlife habi-
production allowed for more sustainable tats.
land use? B. Forest can be a source of mining.

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1.9 Land Utilization 150

C. Medicines are made from forest C. competition among land uses accord-
species. ing to rent-paying abilities
D. Forest provide pulp to make paper. D. none of the above

11. Least likely to minimize soil erosion 16. Which of the following is an example of a
nonrenewable resource?
A. high yield crops
A. wind
B. deforestation
B. natural gas

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. no-till agriculture
C. sunlight
D. herbicide use
D. fresh water
12. A permanent collection of buildings and in-
habitants 17. Which of the following is an example of
sustainable development in a rainforest?
A. Market area
A. clearing away trees so people can
B. Settlement build ranches and farms
C. Range B. using resources in ways that do not
D. Sprawl harm the environment

13. Which of the following most effectively al- C. producing and selling goods without
lows forests to recover from tree harvest- making any profit
ing? D. encouraging trade between native
A. cutting only medium-sized or mature Amazonians and farmers
trees 18. Which of the following may be a result of
B. cutting all of the trees and then re- people leaving the core of the city to the
planting the area with seedlings suburbs?
C. allowing the forest to reseed itself A. suburban loss of culture and the arts
D. cutting only young trees and then re- B. loss of infrastructure leads to urban
placing them with seedlings blight
C. gain of tax base leads to urban re-
14. clearcutting will lead to
newal
A. run off decreasing
D. loss of tax base leads to urban blight
B. landslides decreasing
19. buildings, roads, houses, and industry
C. increase in concentration of nitrates in
streams A. urban land
D. increase in average depth of the top- B. ecosystems services
soil C. rangeland
15. Commercial agriculture consists of D. rural land

A. a production system which does not 20. High rents and land shortage discourage 2
use chemical fertilizers or pesticides main activities in the CBD - industrial and
B. an agricultural system in which produc-
tion is primarily for sale A. Restaurants

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1.9 Land Utilization 151

B. Hotels 25. How long have native people lived in the

rainforest?
C. Law Firms

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A. 20 years
D. Residential
B. 12, 000 years
21. Most Latin American cities are focused on C. since the 1960’s
a
D. they moved there very recently
A. zone of heavy industry
26. What term describes the positive benefits
B. central plaza that wildlife or ecosystems provides to
C. skyscraper office building people?
A. ecosystem services
D. squatter settlement
B. ecosystem
22. What is the application of scientific princi- C. biodiversity
ples and new technologies to agriculture?
D. none of above
A. Agriscience
27. Name the model: The city develops out-
B. Chemistry wards from a CBD in slices. Industry
C. Agronomists would locate in strips alongside the best
transportation routes. High class housing
D. Science
would be in the most aesthetically pleasing
locations away from noise and pollution.
23. An urban area that has incorporated / (
Middle to low class housing would fill the
combined ) into a one large independent
gap. Transportation is a key factor.
self-governing unit is
A. The Sector Model
A. Municipality ( City )
B. Concentric Zone Model
B. State
C. Bid-rent
C. Private Development
D. British Urban land Use Model
D. Government Property
28. A law that limits the permitted uses of
24. Harvesting wood from forests is one the land and maximum density of develop-
top industries in the world. There are vari- ment in a community
ous ways for loggers to harvest this wood. A. Zoning Ordinance
Which of the following would provide the B. Law of the Indies
best sustainable use of the land?
C. Enclosure movement
A. Clear cutting the trees because it pro-
D. Central Place Theory
duces the greatest timber yield
B. Strip cutting the trees because it mini- 29. An area that is protected as wildlife habi-
mizes widespread destruction tat
A. Urban
C. Strip cutting the trees because only
mature trees are cut B. Forest
D. Clear cutting the trees because it is the C. Cropland
most cost effective method D. Park/Preserve

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1.9 Land Utilization 152

30. What are some reasons deforestation oc- 35. Which of these is a federal law that pro-
curs? tects public drinking water supplies by
instituting standards for drinking water
A. clearing land for agriculture, ranching,
quality and various technical and finan-
and mining
cial programs to ensure drinking water
B. just wanting to destroy things safety?
C. Population moving from rural areas to A. Superfund Amendments and Reautho-
cities rization Act (SARA)

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. to make room for infrastructure B. Clean Air Act (CAA)
C. CERCLA
31. An area prone to landslides is an example
of D. Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

A. rangeland. 36. Which term is used to describe low den-

sity, automobile-dependent community de-
B. open space.
velopment that is associated with land use
C. rural land. that has a negative impact?
D. marginal land. A. urban coalition
B. urban homesteading
32. Cutting down every tree in a large area is
an example of C. urban planning
D. urban sprawl
A. Selective Cutting
B. Shelterwood Cutting 37. Unless a permit is obtained, the Clean Wa-
ter Act makes it unlawful to do what?
C. Clear Cutting
A. discharge any pollutant into the under-
D. none of above ground storage tanks
33. What is a ruminant’s digestive system B. engage in fishing activities in freshwa-
evolved to digest that humans cannot di- ter sources
gest? C. discharge any pollutant from a point
A. fruits source into navigable waters
D. drill for oil in offshore oil rigs within 25
B. insects
miles of the coast
C. grasses
38. Which of the following statements about
D. meats greenways is true?
34. What is one of the primary factors that A. They only benefit humans.
draws people from rural areas to urban ar- B. They limit the movement of wildlife.
eas?
C. They decrease property values.
A. Less pollution D. They protect water quality.
B. More jobs
39. Why do communities require building per-
C. More open space mits?
D. Heat islands A. To promote development.

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1.9 Land Utilization 153

B. To establish the basis for an inspec- 44. Which is more likely to have higher tem-
tion. peratures due to the urban heat island ef-
fect?

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C. To promote certificates of occupancy.
A. city (downtown)
D. To ensure that improvements comply
with codes. B. rural area
C. residential
40. What is the main cause of malnutrition?
D. commercial area
A. laziness
45. Oil, natural gas, and coal are examples of
B. the green revolution
A. mental minerals
C. embargos
B. non-metal minerals
D. poverty
C. fuel minerals
41. the area surrounding a central place, from D. none of above
which people are attracted to use the
place’s goods and services 46. When a census is taken and they ask about
your social class, age and marital status,
A. Primate city gender, race and ethnicity. These charac-
B. Hinterland teristics can be mapped and studied. This
study is called
C. Range
A. social area analysis
D. Threshold
B. zone area analysis
42. Several states have created steps to slow C. interdependent system analysis
suburban sprawl including which of the fol- D. city center analysis
lowing?
47. Metals, Non-metals, and Fuels are cate-
A. Increasingly high property value near
gories of
the city center
A. minerals
B. Growth in manufacturing and industry
in the CBD B. plants
C. New transportation networks for easy C. animals
access into and out of the city D. none of above
D. Renovating downtown housing and 48. A new golf course is built next to a river.
consumer-friendly businesses Over the past several months, the nitrate
levels of the water in the river have been
43. A(n) is an area in which the tempera-
increasing. Which best explains the cause
ture is several degrees higher than that of
of the increasing nitrate levels?
the surrounding area.
A. increased growth of algae
A. Heat Island
B. decreased biodiversity
B. Rural Area
C. runoff from fertilizer
C. Urban Area
D. chemical reactions with pesticides and
D. Infrastructure fertilizers

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1.9 Land Utilization 154

49. The average amount of land used by each 54. What is probably the biggest problem fac-
urban citizen is called ing U.S. National Parks today?
A. world-wide land disposal. A. regulations
B. per capita land reclamation. B. soil erosion
C. per capita land consumption. C. environmentalists
D. per capita land constipation.. D. tourism

NARAYAN CHANGDER
50. IPM Integrated Pest Management re- 55. What is a consequence of deforestation of
quires the Amazon rainforest?
A. more money than pesticides A. decrease of biodiversity
B. more fertilizer B. loss of oxygen source
C. more irrigation C. loss of habitats
D. more expert knowledge about individ- D. all of the above
ual pest crop situations
56. What would make a product the most eco
51. Which of these zoning concepts attempts friendly?
to ensure that all of the buildings in a par-
ticular area have the same general look A. if it can be refillable
and style? B. if it can be recycled
A. incentive zoning C. if it is made from plastics
B. floating zoning
D. if it is biodegradable
C. aesthetic zoning
57. The Latin American city typically differs
D. cluster zoning
from the North American city in which of
52. This soil composition would hold the most the following ways?
water A. The central business district is more
A. Clay dominant in its influence over its related
urban land in the North American city than
B. Sand in the Latin American city
C. Humus B. The Latin American city typically does
D. loam not show as strong a trend toward sub-
urbanization as does the North American
53. Which of the following is NOT a defining city
characteristic of a world city? C. The North American city shows more
A. World financial centers influence of the sector model growth pat-
terns than does the Latin American city
B. Primate city classification
D. The urban realms model is more
C. Concentration of culture offerings
strongly explanatory and predictive of
D. Center for national and international Latin American urban growth than it is of
governments North American urban growth

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1.9 Land Utilization 155

58. is the spread of low-density urban or A. The population of the world began to
suburban development outward from an grow rapidly.
urban center.

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B. There are farming artifacts left behind
A. New Urbanization in early agricultural settlements.
B. Urbanization C. Written records.
C. Sprawl D. Cave paintings depict scenes of early
agriculture.
D. Rural Movement
64. Which phrase best fits this description:
59. Which of the following problems is(are) di-
The number of people living within one
rectly associated with irrigation? I. Fish-
square kilometre of land
ery collapse II. Waterlogging III. Saliniza-
tion A. Population density
A. II B. Population distribution
B. I and II C. Pattern distribution
C. II and III D. Pattern density

D. I, II, and III 65. To be valid, a local zoning ordinance must

A. reasonably promote community
60. What is the growing of one single crop all
health, safety and welfare
the time called?
B. comply with federal zoning laws
A. agriculture
C. apply only to unique properties
B. monoculture
D. be published periodically in the local
C. hydrofracking
newspaper
D. geothermal
66. In the rainforest, many cattle graze
61. Name the model: Based on the cities of throughout the Amazon
Sheffield, Nottingham and Huddersfield. A. river
A. The Sector Model B. canyon
B. Concentric Zone Model C. basin
C. Multple Nuclei D. lake
D. British Urban land Use Model
67. Groups who want sustainable develop-
62. Developers, environmentalists, citizens, ment in the Amazon rainforest most likely
business people, and public officials. would support
A. land-use planning A. the building of more roads into the
rainforest
B. ecosystem services
B. the harvesting of rainforest trees to
C. infrastructure
create more jobs
D. urbanization C. the clearing of rainforest to create
63. What event helped geographers and other farms and ranches
scientist determine when the first Agricul- D. the use of rainforest resources with-
tural Revolution occurred? out destroying them.

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1.9 Land Utilization 156

68. A second-growth forest is rocky, more natural cascading river envi-

A. an old-growth forest with lots of new ronment and setting that is more appeal-
seedlings ing to park visitors.

B. an old growth forest with lots of weeds B. Removal will decrease biodiversity be-
cause of the long-term impacts from the
explosion and deconstruction of the dam.
C. trees resulting from secondary succes-
sion
C. Removal will increase biodiversity of

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. an old growth forest that has been cut the river, allowing more species of migra-
down with only weeds remaining tory fish to return and improving condi-
tions for aquatic insects.
69. Name the group that this statement is di-
rected toward: “The way you use the rain- D. none of above
forest’s land turns the forest into grass-
73. An agricultural practice that reduces ero-
lands. Grassland may benefit you, but it
sion and increases soil fertility?
hurts lots of other people, both here in the
Amazon basin and around the world.” A. Intercropping
A. Cattle Ranchers B. Terracing
B. Loggers C. Leaching
C. Rubber Tappers D. Contour Farming
D. Settlers 74. Limiting herd sizes, rotating herds, and
multiple watering holes are all solutions
70. Which of the following is one of the to what?
biggest problems for U.S. national parks
today? A. overfarming

A. popularity B. overgrazing

B. too many concessions C. deforestation

C. invasion of alien species D. global warming

D. rock collectors 75. What does urbanisation mean?

A. the movement of people from the coun-
71. Airports, roads, docks, railways, taxis,
tryside to towns and cities
and intracity transit systems are all exam-
ples of a cities B. the movement of people out of cities to
the countryside
A. primary sector
C. an increase in the percentage of peo-
B. secondary sector
ple living in towns and cities
C. infrastructure
D. an increase in the percentage of peo-
D. environmental determinism ple moving to the countryside

72. How will removal of the dam impact biodi- 76. government-owned housing rented to low-
versity within the Patapsco River? income individual, with rents set at 30 per-
A. Removal will not impact biodiversity, cent of the tenants’ income
but it will be replaced over time with a A. Public Housing

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1.9 Land Utilization 157

B. Privately funded homes 81. According to the classic Bid-Rent Curve,

what happens to the value of land as one
C. Suburb
gets closer to the CBD?

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D. Underclass housing
A. Land gets more affordable
77. Which of the following central place func- B. Price of land is not affected
tions is most likely to have the highest C. Land gets used less intensively
range of goods and highest threshold pop-
ulation? D. Land gets more expensive

A. High school 82. A declaration of restriction in a planned

unit development is unlike a deed restric-
B. Hand-surgery center
tion in that
C. Steakhouse A. it applies only to aesthetic standards
D. Furniture store of property use.
B. it attaches to rights rather than inter-
78. Regional problems such as traffic flow, ests
solid waste disposal and provisions of so-
cial services can best addressed when frag- C. it cannot be terminated by a single in-
mented local areas dividual

A. consolidate governments institutions D. it takes effect only when approved by

a homeowners’ association.
B. have the federal government pass all
the laws 83. Africa cities are distinctive due to
C. address all issues on every third even A. 3 different CBDs
year B. poor live in suburbs
D. within an urban institution they form C. no CBD
rural councils
D. lack of office space in CBD
79. Which of the following has caused an in- 84. The four consecutive 15 minute periods in
crease in the per capita land consump- the morning and evening with the heaviest
tion? volumes of traffic
A. Internet-based technologies A. Rush Hour
B. expensive rural land B. Redlining
C. low urban crime rates C. Gentrification
D. few and poor roads D. New Urbanism

80. Which of the following is NOT a way we 85. Which is an example of an activity one
have been trying to conserve land? would find in the primary sector?

A. national parks A. Transforming raw materials into man-

ufactured goods
B. wilderness areas
B. Drawing raw materials from the natu-
C. wildlife refuges ral environment
D. clear-cutting forests C. Involves services rather than goods

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1.9 Land Utilization 158

D. Service jobs concerned with research C. They absorb heat that can lead to for-
and development est fires if released and damage ecosys-
tems.
86. What item does not have corn in it?
D. They are intended for military and med-
A. Ketchup ical equipment that need a long life.
B. Toothpaste
90. Saving energy and other resources with-
C. Cereal out sacrificing people’s comfort is the goal
of

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Bananas
A. greenways.
87. Housing owned by the government; in the
United States, it is rented to low-income B. urban growth boundaries.
residents, and the rents are set at 30 per- C. green building design.
cent of the families’ incomes. D. zoning.
A. Public Housing
91. Process in which a desired metal is sepa-
B. Threshold rated from the other elements
C. Range A. high-grade ore
D. Gentrification B. spoils
88. Name the interest group that would make C. ore
this statement: “We are taking land that D. smelting
has already been cleared and making it
productive. Besides, we provide a valu- 92. The minimum number of people needed to
able product to hungry people all around support a business is called the
the world.” A. range
A. Cattle Ranchers B. threshold
B. Native Amazonians C. bid rent
C. Loggers D. radius
D. Environmental Groups 93. process by which trees are planted to re-
establish trees that have been cut down in
89. Button cell batteries are used in small
forest land
portable electronic devices such as
watches, cameras, digital thermometers, A. reforestation
calculators and toys. Though there are B. deforestation
no federal regulations prohibiting throw-
C. re-planting
ing button cell batteries in the regular
garbage, they should be recycled. What D. none of above
is the best explanation for why these bat-
94. Which of the following would be consid-
teries should be recycled?
ered a primate city?
A. They are no longer in use due to more A. New York City, United States
advanced technology practices.
B. Beijing, China
B. They contain mercury that if leaked
into environment can threaten human C. Paris, France
health. D. Sao Paulo, Brazil

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1.9 Land Utilization 159

95. Even carefully designed logging roads C. India & Bangladesh

have harmful effects, including all of the D. Australia & New Zealand
following except

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A. increased erosion 101. The process of converting a neighborhood
from a predominantly low-renter renter-
B. sediment runoff into waterways
occupied area to a predominantly middle-
C. habitat fragmentation class owner-owned area
D. decreased access to farms, mines, A. Renewal
and ranches
B. Gentrification
96. What type of agriculture is practiced to C. Conversion of Area
produce food for sale off the farm?
D. Urban Renewal
A. Commercial
B. Subsistence 102. Which is not considered a World City?
C. Cash crop A. Tokyo
D. Maize B. Beijing
C. NYC
97. Where are retail parks commonly found?
D. London
A. Inner suburbs
B. CBD 103. What factor does not contribute to the
C. Rural urban fringe variation in food consumption around the
world?
D. Inner city
A. development level of a country
98. The time it takes to use a certain fraction, B. physical conditions such as climate
usually 80%, of the known or estimated
supply of a nonrenewable resource C. cultural preferences
A. country time D. absolute location
B. depletion time 104. Worldwide, the largest component of the
C. reduction time human diet is:
D. exclusion time A. grain products

99. In the Rectangular Survey System, a range B. meat products

is the area in between C. dairy products
A. any row of sections in a township. D. fruits and vegetables
B. Two consecutive meridians.
105. Nutrient rich soil is full of decayed organic
C. a principal meridian and a base line. material such as plants and animals, this
D. a parallel and a meridian. mixture of soil is called
A. humus
100. In which group of countries are GMOs
used the most widely in agriculture? B. decomposition
A. United States, Brazil, & Argentina C. compost
B. Kenya, Tanzania, & Ethiopia D. hummus

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1.9 Land Utilization 160

106. Rainforests are nicknamed “the lungs of C. soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, loss
the Earth” because their rich plant life of ability to remove CO2
A. plays a major role in the carbon- D. more mercury and cyanide released
oxygen cycle. into rivers
B. releases carbon dioxide, which we 110. The art and science of producing food
turn into oxygen. from the land and tending livestock to feed
C. has organs that allow them to breathe humans.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
like humans. A. Agribusiness
D. homes tropical birds that help create B. Agriculture
carbon dioxide C. Biotechnology
107. Net migration from urban to rural areas D. Agricultural revolution
in more developed countries 111. Which urban land model uses two CBDs?
A. Urbanization A. Latin American
B. Counterurbanization B. Multiple Nuclei
C. Hinterland C. Sector
D. Primate city D. Concentric

108. Which of the following would be con- 112. Who developed the term “megalopolis”
sidered an advantage of increased urban to describe the continuously developed
sprawl? string of cities from Boston, through New
York and Philadelphia to Baltimore and
A. As individuals move out of urban areas Washington, DC?
to nearby suburbs, the population densi-
A. Chancy Harris
ties of cities will decrease, reducing the
spread of infectious disease. B. Jean Gottman
B. As new homes are built in suburban ar- C. Immanuel Wallerstein
eas, the cost of materials will decrease, D. Jim Borchert
reducing the need to clear-cut old-growth
113. Which world-class city is the best exam-
forests.
ple of an entrepot, a port city?
C. As urban sprawl increases, the avail- A. Dubai
ability of land for farming and wildlife habi-
tats will decrease, increasing the loss of B. Sao Paulo
biodiversity. C. Madrid
D. As more individuals live in suburbs and D. Singapore
work in cities, transportation methods will
114. This type of land use allows pesticides to
change, reducing the amount of carbon
get into our soil, which often end up in our
dioxide emitted.
water supply.
109. What are some consequences of defor- A. Forestry
estation? B. Mining
A. increased population in cities C. Agriculture
B. building of more infrastructure D. Urbanization

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1.9 Land Utilization 161

115. The theory that explains how and where 119. Which of the below is part of the Infras-
central paces in the urban hierarchy are tructure system:
functionally and spatially distributed with

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A. Residential Buildings
respect to one another is attributed to
A. Charles Burgess B. Population growth

B. Chauncey Harris C. Transportation system

C. William Christaller D. Social Organization
D. Edward Ullman
120. Which animal may be raised in aquacul-
116. When human activity and natural process ture?
damage land to the point it can no longer A. catfish
support the local ecosystem.
B. goat
A. Urbanization
B. Erosion C. cow

C. Land Degradation D. chicken

D. Deforestation 121. All of the following are things needed for
117. Many ranchers argue that a benefit of the von Thunen model to work EXCEPT
raising cattle in the Amazon is that it A. Forest areas have several small lakes
A. makes good use of the rainforest land and rivers
by raising food and earning income for B. Farmers sell all of their harvest which
Brazil. they need to be close
B. increases the natural elements of the
C. The city is located centrally within an
rainforest because cattle are native ani-
isolated state
mals to Brazil.
D. Soil and climate are the same
C. helps feed poor families in Brazil
by creating affordable beef products for
122. Weathering occurs fastest in cli-
them to eat.
mates.
D. makes the soil in the rainforest more
fertile by having the cattle graze on the A. cold, dry
grassland. B. cold, wet
118. Central place theory describes the C. hot, dry
A. spatial patterns of urban and outlying D. hot, wet
areas based on the flow of goods and ser-
vices 123. The process by which the population of
B. tendency of civilizations to form cities grow
around certain natural features A. Counterurbanization
C. outward radiation of cultural patterns B. Ghetto
from a central place
C. Urbanization
D. tendency of wealth to concentrate in
urban core areas D. Slum

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1.9 Land Utilization 162

124. Which of the following is the leading A. Increase of malaria due to less tree
cause of hunger in the world in 2015? cover in the Amazon rainforest
A. Crop failure B. Hunting of wild game for food in the
Amazon rainforest
B. Overpopulation
C. Illegal trade of wild species across
C. War and political instability
borders in Brazil
D. Global Warming
D. Contamination of meat due to indus-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
125. Which of the following is important to the trial production practices in Brazil
success of a sustainable community gar-
129. Area protected from exploitation.
den?
A. wilderness
A. hiring people who will be willing to
work B. open space
B. set a time limit for the program C. rural
C. planting native plants that will easily D. urban
adapt to the climate
130. During the Middle Ages, a neighborhood
D. planting invasive plants that spread in a city set up by law to be inhabited only
and take over by Jews; now used to denote a section of
a city in which members of any minority
126. According to Johann von Thunen, hor- group live because of social, legal, or eco-
ticulture (growing fruits and vegetables) nomic pressure
should take place
A. Primate city
A. Nearest to the market because prod-
ucts spoil quickly B. Range

B. Outside of grain farming because of C. Slum

the large land requirements D. Ghetto
C. In developed countries 131. The state needs to acquire someone’s pri-
D. In tropical regions where the growing vate land in order to build a six-lane high-
season is more suitable for these crops. way. The government MUST:
A. take the landowner to court to get a
127. Area of a city where retail and office ac-
formal decision
tivities are clustered
B. provide just compensation in exchange
A. Central Business District (CBD)
for the property
B. Clustered rural settlement
C. provide additional land in substitution
C. Urbanized Area of the land they are acquiring
D. Edge City D. ask the landowner to voluntarily alien-
ate the property
128. Deforestation in countries, like Brazil,
have also caused a threat to human health. 132. The basic support systems provided by
Which of the following best associates de- a city for its people, including power,
forestation to a threat for human health in communications, transportation, sanita-
Brazil? tion, and education

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1.9 Land Utilization 163

A. urbanization. 136. Batteries should be recycled instead of

B. infrastructure. thrown in regular garbage. Which of the
following is the best explanation for recy-

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C. industrialization. cling them?
D. urban geography. A. they absorb heat and can lead to forest
fire and damage ecosystems
133. Where at in the structure of an urban
area would a business such as a high-end B. They are no longer in use due to more
department store with a high pull factor advanced technology practices.
rate for customers be located? C. They are intended for military and
A. Third Ring / Outer Suburb medical equipment that need a long life.
B. First Ring / Inner Suburb
D. they contain mercury that if leaked
C. CBD ( Central Business District )
into the environment can threaten human
D. Near a subway station health
134. A service business sector that offers its 137. Combines elements of concentric and sec-
products primarily within a particular re- tor models; has a “SPINE” radiating out of
gion; generally does not export products. the CBD around which high income groups
A. Nonbasic industries can be found

B. Business services A. Latin American City Model

C. Consumer services B. Concentric Zone Model

D. Personal services C. Gravity Model

D. Sector Model
135. What has happened to the number of
farmers in the US during the 20th cen- 138. Which of these do environmental groups
tury? in the Amazon forest most want to pro-
tect?
A. The number of farmers has declined
because of lack of opportunities to make A. biodiversity
a profit and the pull of higher paying jobs B. ecotourism
in the city.
C. deforestation
B. The number of farmers has increased
to meet the rising demand of food as the D. wetlands
population grows. 139. The shift of a population from the coun-
C. The number of farmers has increased tryside to cities is called
to meet the growing demand for food as A. urbanization.
high powered economies demand more
and more protein and foods from exotic B. infrastructure.
locations. C. land preservation.
D. The number of farmers has remained D. an ecological footprint.
the same because the increase in the de-
mand for food has been met with improve- 140. Which of the following is a side effect of
ments in technology and advanced farm- heat islands?
ing techniques. A. drought

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1.9 Land Utilization 164

B. lower temperatures C. infrastructure

C. lower temperatures and drought D. highways
D. increased precipitation 146. clearing of trees from an area without re-
placing them
141. An important environmental benefit of
open spaces in cities includes A. reforestation

A. contamination of water sources by B. deforestation

runoff of soil and animal wastes C. clear cutting

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. hotter, humid summers due to evapo- D. none of above
ration of water from plant leaves 147. Building a mass transit system is likely
C. the improvement in air quality result- to have which of the following effects?
ing from filtering of pollutants by plants. A. increasing air pollution
D. All of the above B. traffic congestion
142. Legislation and regulations to limit subur- C. increasing the temperature of the ur-
ban sprawl and preserve farmland ban heat island
A. Smart Growth D. none of the above
B. Range 148. What two factors will create the biggest
strain on natural resources?
C. Public Housing
A. Decreased population and lower living
D. Gentrification
standards
143. are most responsible for deforesta- B. Increased population and less water
tion of the rainforest. C. Increased population and increased
A. Rubber tappers living standards
B. Native peoples D. Decreased population and increased
water availability
C. Logging companies
D. Environmental groups 149. can occur when a person does not con-
sume enough vitamins, minerals, or calo-
144. A clustering of tall office buildings, shop- ries.
ping malls, and apartment complexes at A. famine
the intersection of major interstate high-
ways is called B. scurvy
C. essential amino acids
A. Suburban sprawl
D. malnutrition
B. Urban sprawl
C. Suburban densification 150. How did the Industrial Revolution affect
the cities?
D. Edge cities
A. Made the crime rate decrease
145. all of the things that a society builds for B. Led to an increase in farm workers
public use
C. Make the cities cleaner and safer
A. roads D. Led to an increase in population in the
B. public services cities

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1.9 Land Utilization 165

151. Prenatal care consists of regular check 154. One of our nation’s leading producer of
ups and vitamins given throughout a preg- steel.
nancy.Studies have shown that this type

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A. New York
of care can significantly reduce miscar-
riages and birthcomplications. While insur- B. Chicago
ance covers most of the costs, those with- C. Atlanta
out insurance can find thiscare expensive.
What can you infer about the rates of pre- D. New Orleans
natal care and poverty?
155. Climate affects soil types; for instance,
A. Those in poverty are less likely to use prairie soils have
prenatal care
A. thinner A & B horzons due to leaching
B. Those in poverty are more likely to use which is promoted by rainfall.
prenatal care B. thin, lightly colored A horizons becaus
C. With advancements in medicine no of the lack of vegetation
one uses prenatal care C. granitic C horizonx because little or no
D. Those in poverty use prenatal care at grass grows there
the same rates of those who are not in D. thick, dark, A horizon because of all the
poverty grasses that contribute organic materials.

152. Areas that are protected from devel- 156. The essential elements of the metes and
opment and environmental damage are bounds system are
known as areas.
A. parallels, base lines, and meridians.
A. wilderness
B. boundaries, distances, and a base line.
B. rural
C. urban C. reference points, angles, and dis-
tances.
D. none of above
D. lot numbers, sections, and ranges.
153. Specifically, how do farmers clear the
land for shifting cultivation? 157. Which of the following is not an ecosys-
tem service provided by rural lands?
A. Farmers use machines to cut the trees
down and clear the debris. The debris is A. oxygen in the air
then burned and the ash is used to fertil- B. plastic for making bottles
ize the next rotation of crops.
C. aesthetic beauty
B. Farmers slash the vegetation and burn
D. wood for making paper
the debris
C. Farmers rotate crops every year to 158. MInerals are
make sure that the land remains produc- A. natural resources
tive and does not go fallow.
B. non-living
D. Farmers use modern technology and
C. useful materials
advanced farming techniques to maximize
production on their farms. D. all of the above

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1.9 Land Utilization 166

159. What is the process of Settlement for- 164. Ben would like to construct a restaurant
mation, Then Settlement Expansion, Then on a parcel of land. This particular parcel is
Changes to the expanded settlement that not zoned for commercial use. Ben should
are reflective of modern day amenities . go to the city and seek a(n):
A. Suburbanization A. encroachment
B. Centralization B. exemption
C. Gentrification C. deferrence

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Ruralization D. use variance
165. Which of the following statements about
160. In which state or province is the long-lot urban and rural areas is true?
land division most common?
A. Today, the percentage of people living
A. Quebec in rural areas worldwide is less than the
B. Texas percentage of people living in urban areas
worldwide.
C. Iowa
B. Urban areas tend to grow upward, not
D. British Columbia outward.
161. The change in density in an urban area C. People in urban areas depend on re-
from the center to the periphery sources produced in rural areas.
A. Density Gradient D. Improved transportation promotes mi-
gration from urban areas to rural areas.
B. Gentrification
166. Boserup’s model states that food produc-
C. Annexation
tion will increase to meet a rising popula-
D. Conurbation tion because

162. This model is based in the assump- A. Farmers will adapt to rising demand
tion that growth occurred independently and develop new methods to increase
around several major foci, many of which food production.
were far away from the CBD and only B. Boserup’s model states that food will
marginally connected to it. fail to meet the increased demand result-
ing in undernourishment and death for mil-
A. Central place theory
lions of people.
B. Multiple-nuclei model C. Life always finds a way.
C. Urban realms model D. The needs to the many outweigh the
D. Model of urban evolution needs to the few. The majority of people
will dictate where food resources are allo-
163. Selective cutting involves cutting cated.
A. All of the trees in a forest and then re- 167. Name the model: Business agglomerates
seeding in the CBD, surrounding this is the zone of
B. Only one species of tree in a forest. transition that is dominated by older hous-
ing, flats and light industry. This zone
C. Only the mature trees in a forest
includes a large proportion of ethnic mi-
D. Only the young trees in a forest. norities. Better housing would be found

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1.9 Land Utilization 167

further out in the suburbs. FInally, the 172. Which of the following is the best exam-
commutor zone extended beyond the city ple of a bulk reducing industry?
(counterurbanisation)

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A. Automobile assembly
A. The Sector Model
B. Copper mining
B. Concentric Zone Model
C. Toy manufactoring
C. Multiple Nuclei Model
D. Soft-drink bottling
D. British Urban land Use Model
173. Term
168. Partially decomposed organic matter
found in the O horizon A. infrastructure
A. Silt B. urbanization
B. Sand C. ecosystem services
C. Humus D. none of above
D. loam 174. In the new global economy, an increasing
169. Which is NOT a disadvantage of defor- proportion of influential financial decisions
estation? are being made in
A. loss of wildlife A. major corporate centers such as New
York, London, and Tokyo
B. loss of topsoil
B. regional centers and small towns
C. increased flooding
where fax machines are used
D. maintenance of biodiversity
C. the field, close to the sources of agri-
170. In Florida, many acres of private land cultural production
is being developed. What environmental D. national capitals because of the in-
parameters should be monitored to deter- creasing importance of the nation state
mine long term impacts to future policy de-
cisions? 175. Which of the following is a way in which
A. economic profits created by the new the native Amazonian people have been
communities hurt by newcomers?
B. jobs created from development of new A. They have been driven off of their land
company locations by newcomers.
C. baseline data on number of species B. They have been killed by diseases new-
present in the environment comers brought.
D. cost of developing the areas into hu- C. They have been killed and injured in
man habitable environments land use conflicts.
171. One of the results of green building de- D. all of the above
sign is reduced
176. Farming practices like plowing, irrigation,
A. use of mass transit. and overfarming/grazing lead to loss of
B. energy bills. topsoil through
C. sprawl around major cities. A. contour plowing
D. personal space and comfort. B. lying fallow

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1.9 Land Utilization 168

C. leeching 182. Several factors can lead to land degra-

D. erosion dation. Which of these activities is least
likely to contribute to land degradation?
177. No fishing zones are designated to repair A. Urbanization
the damage from what?
B. Deforestation
A. aquaculture C. Poor farming methods
B. ocean pollution D. Using an irrigation system on crops

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. overharvesting
183. How does the expansion of urban devel-
D. desertification opment into rural areas affect natural pop-
ulations in the environment?
178. Tropical forests in the Amazon basin and
other South American countries are being A. Resources available to the natural pop-
cleared for all of the following except ulations will decrease.

A. tree plantations B. The biodiversity of the natural popula-

tions will increase.
B. cattle ranching
C. The amount of area available to pro-
C. tropical hardwood lumber ducers will increase.
D. soybean plantations D. Death rates of the natural populations
will decrease.
179. Which of the following refers to the size
and functional complexity of cities? 184. Which of the following is NOT caused by
A. Urban hierarchy anthropogenic activities?
A. Forest fires
B. Basic-nonbasic ratio
B. Earthquakes
C. Threshold ratio
C. Oil spills
D. The Sector model
D. Overfishing
180. Services that provide for the well-being
and personal improvement of individual 185. Which of the following is not commercial
consumers farming?
A. Pastoral nomadism
A. Consumer services
B. Agribusiness
B. Personal services
C. Mediterranean
C. Producer services
D. Livestock and Cattle Ranching
D. Public services
186. City governments can prevent suburban
181. Historically, the growth of North Ameri- sprawl by designating areas of mandatory
can suburbs was most constrained by open space called:
A. zoning ordinances A. dormitory suburbs.
B. housing shortages B. public housing.
C. limited transportation C. greenbelts.
D. cultural preferences D. squatter settlements.

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1.9 Land Utilization 169

187. The largest major population concentra- 192. Which of the following is an importance
tion of North America is of housing?

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A. from Toronto to Montreal. A. Housing important for communities be-
cause they provide opportunities for peo-
B. from Miami to Jacksonville.
ple to socialize.
C. from San Diego to San Francisco
B. Housing can be used for animals to
D. from Washington D.C. to Boston. graze and live healthily.
C. Housing ensures that people have
188. Wal-Mart is opening in the small town of
homes to build a families.
Vado, New Mexico. This is creating over
400 jobs in the area. Population is quickly D. Housing is important for the growth of
increasing. This is an example of technology.
A. Urbanization 193. allowing more animals to graze in an
B. Inflation area than the range can support
A. overgrazing
C. Urban Center
B. undergrazing
D. Influence
C. overcrowding
189. Which of the following factors con- D. none of above
tributed to sprawl in the United States?
194. The major complaint that environmental
A. more affordable automobiles
detractors of the Taylor Grazing Act have
B. improved roads is that:
C. less expensive land A. The negative externalities of grazing
D. all of the above are not fully revealed
B. The taxes on grazing animals are too
190. What is not a result of deforestation high
A. release of Carbon Dioxide in the atmo- C. The fences erected as a result of this
sphere legislation are deleterious for wildlife
B. decreased soil fertility from erosion D. It allows too much grazing to take
place.
C. premature extinction
D. reduction of flooding 195. In the United States, a central city plus
its contiguous built-up suburbs.
191. Which of the following is one way to re- A. Clustered rural settlement
duce an over-supply of recyclable materi-
als? B. Economic base
C. Squatter Settlement
A. build more recycling plants
D. Urbanized Area
B. increase the types of recyclable mate-
rials 196. Which issue is an important concern in
C. increase the demand for products both aquaculture and feed lots?
made from recycled materials A. animal waste
D. put the excess materials in landfills B. cost of feed

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1.9 Land Utilization 170

C. pesticide contamination 201. Which of the following statements cor-

rectly describes the economic employment
D. foul orders
mix that began to emerge in many U.S.
197. land that is used to graze livestock and cities after World War II?
wildlife A. Workers’ unions are reaching their
highest level of influence in American his-
A. rural land
tory
B. urban land
B. Urban jobs are becoming increasingly

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. rangeland service oriented and required learned
skills
D. crop land
C. Most U.S. jobs are being outsourced to
198. A rural settlement in which the houses foreign labor supplies
and farm buildings of each family are sit- D. The majority of U.S. jobs are moving
uated close to each other and fields sur- from being consumption related to more
round the settlement of a production orientation
A. Clustered rural settlement
202. Which of these is an Entrepot
B. Economic base
A. singapore
C. Squatter Settlement
B. shanghai
D. Urbanized Area
C. vancouver
199. The movement of people from rural areas D. vatican city
to cities is called
203. Movement of people from rural areas to
A. urban sprawl into cities is known as
B. urbanization A. land-use planning
C. jobs B. urbanization
D. none of above C. gis (geographic information system)

200. The main cause of land use conflict in the D. none of above
Amazon rainforest is
204. Name the model: The concept is drawn
A. opposition by the government to the from ecology, with the physical expansion
movement of farmers to the rainforest of the city occurring by invasion and suc-
cession.
B. differences among many different
groups over how best to use the rainfor- A. The Sector Model
e