and Synthesis

13.4 Network Analysis

i.e. Z= Z22
Example 13.1 Test results for a hwo-port network are (a) , = 0.120°A
0° A.
V, =
5.2
260°V, with250Pony
0.1 20°4, V, 3.1 80°V, V, =4.2
V4.12-25°Vwith Port2open-circuited (b) l,
=

open-circuited. Find Zparameters.

Solution
5.250
= 52 502 Za T 3.12-80
0.120
= 312-
0.120

4.1 4.1-2=412-25°2 4.2260°

0.120
Za 0.120 =
42 26 Q
Hence. the Z-parameters are
52L50° 312-80°
2 412-25° 42260°

Example 13.2 Find the Z parameters for the network shown in Fig. 13.5.
Z3
2

V V2

Fig. 13.5

Solution
First Method
Case 1 When the output port is open-circuited, i.e., I, = 0.
Applying KVL to Mesh 1,
h =(Z+Z2) 1 mmy
Z =Z+Z2
Il=0
Also

Za- =Z
Case 2 When the input port is open-circuited, i.e., I, = 0.
Applying KVL to Mesh 2,

V =(Z2 t Z,)12
 13.2 Open Circuit
Impedance Parumeters (Z
Parameters) 13.5

p a r a n c l e r s arc

Z Z12
d M e t h o d

redrawn as show in Fig. 13.6.

IN

to Mesh 1,
wgKVL
-2h+7:(1 +1) Z
=(+Z:)/ +Z,/2 i)

to Mesh 2,
ingAVL
Z l tZ,( +/2) V

7 +(Z2 +Z3)!2 .(1i)

uing Eqs (i) and (ii) with Z-parameter

Fig. 13.6
Z2
Za+Zs
Bxample 13:3 Find Z-parameter for the network shown in Fig. 13.7.

12 29 1H

V 2F 21a
Fig. 13.7

-70n The transformed network is shown in Fig. 13.8.

Z =1

2s+1 V
+1
2s
Z = s+2 o
Fig. 13.8
Gefinition of Z-parameters,
=14t 2s+2
2s+1 2s +1 1:- 2s+Ss+3
- / + / -7,+71 *2 2s+1

*2+1
 13.4 Network Analysis and Synthesis

i.e. Z1 Z22

Example13.1 resulis for a two-port network are (a) 1, 0.1 20°,

Test =

4125°VnwithPort2 open-circuited (b)1, =0.1 20°A, V, =3.1 2-80°V..-a V, 25.2

open-circuited. Find Zparameters.
450
Solution
5.250 52 50° Q. Z= 3.12-80
h 0.120 Za27 0.120 . =31L-80
Z = 4.12-25°
4 1 2 - 2 5 ° 2,
V 4.2260
- 0.120 ZnT 0.1202 L60°0
Hence. the Z-parameters are
Z1 Z2_5250 312-80°
Za Z22414-25° 42260°

Example13.2 Find the Z parameters

for the network shown in Fig. 13.5.
z

V
4 V2

Fig. 13.5
Solution
First Method
Case 1 When the output
port is open-circuited, i.e., 1, =
0.
Applying KVL to Mesh 1,
V =(Z +Z2) ommy ot nol

Also
Z-=Zz+Z
= Z2

Case 2 When the input port is

Applying KVL to Mesh 2,
open-circuited, i.e., I, =
0.

h=(Z3 +Z,)
Z- =0
Z,+Z
 13.2 Open-Circuit Impedance Parameters (Z Parameters) 13.5

Z1

ONC,t h e 2 - p a r a m e t e r s are

Z
Z+ Zs
w n dM e t h o d

shown in Fig. 13.6.

N etwork is redrawn as

KVL to Mesh 1,
4 ung

Z1l+ Z,/ +12) Z

= (Z+Z,)+Z2l2 .0
KVL to Mesh 2,
nly ing
Vh Z/2 + Z2(1 +12) Na
Z2lh +(Z2 +Z)/2 ...(11)
and (ii) with Z-parameter
Compuring Eqs () Fig. 13.6
Latons,

[Z Z (Z +Z2 Z 1
Z1 Z22 Za +Zs
Find Z-parameterfor the network shown in Fig. 13.7.
Example 13.3
1 2
o W 000

V 2 F 1 V2

Fig. 13.7

Solution The transformed network is shown in Fig. 13.8.

Z=1

7.2 2s+1 V
2s
Z3 =s+2
Fig. 13.8
From definition of
Z-parameters,
Z =Z+Z2 =1+ c41
+Ss+3
ts+2=2 2s+1
Z 2s + +21=
 13.6 Network Analysis and Synthesis

Example 13.4 Find Z-parameters for the network shown in Fig. 13.9

1 1Q
0-

V 2 22

Fig. 13.9
Solution The network is redrawn as shown in Fig. 13.10.
Applying KVL to Mesh 1,
V=31-2/
1Q 12
Applying KVL to Mesh 2,
Vh =2/2+213 ..i)
Applying KVL to Mesh 3,
-2/1 +2/2+5/ =0
V 20
.ii)
Substituting Eq. (ii) in Eq. (i), Fig. 13.10

=3/1-

.(IN)
Substituting Eq. (ii) in Eq. (i),

V2 = 212 4

Comparing Eqs (iv) and (v) with Z-parameter equations,

Example 13.5 Find the Z-parameters for the network shown in Fig. 13.11.
12 12
-

V 31H IH V2

Fig. 13.11
 13.2
Open-Circuit Impedance Parameters
transformed network is shown in Fig. 13.12. (Z Parameters) 13.7

to
Mesh 1,
ngKVL
V=(s+)/-s/3 ...(i)
to Mesh 2,
KVL
hsl2 + sl3 -..i) V,
KVL to Mesh 3, Va
ng 3
+(2s+ )/; = 0
+sl2
S
25+125+ (iii)
Fig. 13.12

in Eq. (i).
tuting Eq. (ii)
= (s+1) -s

s+35+1
2s+1
(iv)
in Eq. (Gii),
siruting Eq. (ii)

(V)

mparing Eqs (iv) and (v) with Z-parameter equations,

s+3s+1 s2
2s+1 2s+1

L2s+1 2s+1

Example
emine
13.6 Find the open-circuit impedance parameters for the network shown in Fig. 13.13.
whether the network is
symmetrical and reciprocal.
4 2

1 3Q
LWW
Vi 2 Va

Fig. 13.13
13.8 Network Analysis and Synthesis
shown in Fig. 13.14.
network is redrawn as
Solution The
KVL to Mesh 1,
Applying 4Q
-(-1h)-2(1 +/,) =0
K 3/1 +2/ -/

KVL to Mesh 2,
Applying
0
1 4
-3(}3+h)-20 +/3) =
30
(i)
V =
21 +5l +3/
to Mesh 3,
Applying KVL 20
4/1-3(/2 +lh)- (/3 -h)=0
-3/2+8/ =0
...(i1i) Fig. 13.14

Substituting Eq. (iii) in Eq. (i),

3/1 +2/2

Substituting Eq. (ii) in Eq. (i),

=2/1+5/2 +3|

with Z-parameter equations,

Comparing Eqs (iv) and (v)
19
Z1 Z12
Z1 19 3
symmetrical.
2, # 2, the network is
not
Since

Since2,=Z2, the network reciprocal.

is

13.3SHORT-CIRCUIT ADMITTANCE PARAMETERS (Y PARAMETERS)

and I, n
The Yparameters of a two-port network may be
defined by expressing the two-port currents ,
of the two-port voltages V, and V
(1,1h)= SK.V)
h=Y Vi+Y2 V2

In matrix form, we can write

/=[Y1V]
 13.10 Network Anaysis and Snthesis

Fig 13.17, voltage ,

is applied at output port i .

b) As shown in
the input
port sh
e.
0 shuon-inos
-i
Fom the paramcter cquation,
Notwork

Fig. 13.17 Network for

Hence, for the network to
be reciprocal,
reciprocity deriving conde

13.3.2 Condition for Symmetry

a) When the output port is short-circuited, i.e., V, = 0.
From the Y-parameter equation,

b)When the input port is short-circuited, i.e., V, =0.

From the Y-parameter equation,
= Y22 Vs

Hence, for the network to be symmetrical,

i.e., Y=Y2

Example 13.7 Test results for a two-port network are

(a) Port 2 short-circuited: Vj =50 20° V, I1 = 2.1 2-30°A,1, = -1.l 2-20°A
tby Port I short-circuited: V =50 20°v, 1; = 3 2-15°A,I, = -.1 L-20°A.
Find Y-parameters.

Solution
-1.12-20
212-30
2 .12-30° -0022-
= 0.0422-30° U,
5020°
-0
5020°
V2l-o
YhY2V-0 32-15
Y -1.12-20° 0.0o-1
Y 5020° =0.022L-20° T5, 5020
Hence, the Y-parameters are
Yi 0.0422-30° -0.0222-20°

YYa|-0.0224-20° 0.062-15
 13.3 Short-Circuit Admittance Parameters
(Y Parameters) 13.11
13.8
pample13.8 Find Y-parameters for the network shown in Fig. 13.18.
10
3Q

V
20 V2

Fig. 13.18
Solution

first M e t h o d

When the output port is short-Circuited, i.e., V, = 0 as shown in

Fig. 13.19,

12 32
NOW,

V
Vilv,=0 20
Also,
Fig. 13.19

11
Case 2 When the input port is short-circuited, i.e., V, = 0 as shown in Fig. 13.20,

1 32

Now w
20 V2

Also Fig. 13.20

Hence, the Y-parameters are

11

Second Method (Refer Fig. 13.18)

=- .i)
 Synthesis
13.12 Network Anarsis and

APplying KCL at Node 3

I+

Substituting Fqs ()
and (u) in Eq (u),

- -

Vy v)

Substituting Eq. (iv) in Eq. (i).

Substituting Eq. (iv) in Eq. (ii).

Comparing Eqs (v) and (vi) with Y-parameter equations,

13.21.
Example 13.9. Find Y-parameters ofthe network shown in Fig.
2 2Q

w w
10

V V2
)3V

Fig. 13.21

Solution From Fig. 13.21.

 ...(i)

KCl at
Node 3,
Applying +l+3V% =0
.(i)
and (11) in Eq. (i).
Suhstituting
Eqs (1)
i- +3K^ =0
2V =+7
iv

(iv) in Eq. (i),

Suhstituting Eq.

...(v)
shstituting Eq (iv) in Eq. (i),

..(vi)

Comparing Eqs (v) and (Vi) with Y-parameter equations,

Example 13.10 Determine Y-parameters for the network shown in Fig. 13.22. Determine whether
enetwork is symmetrical and reciprocal.
10 22

V 2 49. Va

Fig. 13.22
lution From Fig. 13.31,

=-Vs 1)
ng KCL at Node 3,

V2 ...(11)
 13.14 Network Analsis and Synthesis

Applying KCL at Node 2.

1, -
4

Substituting Eq () in Eq (i),

-Vy=h-

Substituting Eq. (iv) in Eq. (1),

Substituting Eq. (iv) in Eq. (ii).

equations,
Comparing Eqs (v) and (vi) with Y-parameter

2
Since Y, # Y, the network is not symmetrical.
Since 12 , the network is reciprocal.

Determine the short-circuit admittance parameters for the network shon in Fig 1323
Example 13.11 12
12

V
:1F V2

Fig. 13.23

Solution The transformed network is shown in Fig. 13.24. o

1

From Fig. 13.24,

V
T
=Vi-'s Fig. 13.24
 18.3 Short Circuit
Admittance Parameters (Y Parameters) 13.15
Node 1,
ACL al
eiy

(s+1)-V ()
Node2,
ngACL
at

=(s+1)-' n)
(i)
outing
Fq (0 in Eq
-Vh (s+ 1)V-V2
(s+2)F = h +V

(Iv)

(ii),
eting Eq (v)in Eq.

stl-
+2 2
ituting Eq. (iv)
in Eq. (ii),

I2 =(s+1) V-

..(v)
s+2
mpuring Eqs (V) and (vi) with Y-parameter equations,

+2 S+2
s+3s+1
s+2 s+2

Example 13.12 Determine Y-parametersfor the network shown in Fig. 13.25.

F
HE
V 1H 1H

Fig. 13.25
13.16 Netwrk Analysis and Synthesis

Solution The transformed network as shown in Fig. 13.26

FomFig 13.26,

2
V

Applying KCL at Node 3, Fig. 13.26

oi-)-a0-)

s
2(s+1) + 2s+1)
Substituting Eq. (i) in Eq. i).

24s+1) 2s+1)

+2
4(s +1) 4(+1)
Applying KCL at Node2,

-V)

(11

Substituting Eq. (ii) in Eq. (iv),

6s+4
...(V
4s(s+1)
Comparing Eqs (ii) and (v) with Y-parameter equation,

S+2
Y14+1) 4(s+1)
s+68+4
4(s +1) 4s(s +1) J