Resource Booklet, 2023-24

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Class/section:--------------
Table of content
Life of the Holy Prophet (SAW)
1. Condition of Arabia
2. Early life in Makkah before prophethood
3. Beginning of Islam- 1st Revelation of Quran
4. Life in Makkah after prophethood
5. Life in Madinah-1st Islamic community in Madina
6. Battle of Badr
7. Battle of Uhud
8. Battle of Ahzab(Battle of Trench)
Glossary

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 Life of the Holy Prophet (SAW)

Condition of Arabia before Islam.

The period of 200 years before Islam is known as the ‘Jahilia’ period or age of
ignorance.

Arabia before Islam had no one government.

The whole country was divided into tribes with its own chief , who would decide
all matters.
As Arabia was mostly desert, farming was not very [Link] the town people
were mainly traders.
The people then believed in one God -Allah but the worshiping of idols in Kaaba
was practiced more. Every tribe had its own god.
False beliefs and class differences were strong. What was lacking was law and
justice. The wealthy people exploited the weak, orphaned and the widow.
Females had no rights & were regarded as a burden and were treated worse than
animals. They were bought and sold like [Link] had no rights in any
[Link] and divorcees were not allowed to remarry. The Arabs also killed
their newborn daughters or buried them [Link] alcohol & gambling was
very common.
However, the Arab men were considered to be brave, courageous & generous.

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Early life of the Holy Prophet (SAW) in Makkah .
Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was born around 570, AD in Makkah ( in Saudi
Arabia). He belonged to a respectable family of the Quraish [Link] Hashim is
one of the clans of the Quraysh tribe,
His father, Abdullah died before he was born .

Muhammad (SAW) was sent to live with a Bedouin family in the desert, as desert
life was considered healthier for [Link] was done so that their children
would grow up in the fresh air and the natural environment of the desert and also
learn the eloquent Arabic dialect .And it was the culture at that time.
He stayed with his foster mother, Halimah Saadia, a noble woman for 4
[Link] he was returned to his mother .Amina, left Makkah for Medina to visit
her relatives and to pay a respectful visit to her husband's grave. He
accompanied his mother on that trip. But after visiting her relatives and
expressing love and loyalty to her husband at Abdullah's graveside, on her way
back to Makkah, Amina passed away at a place named Abwa' he was 6. Then he
was raised first by his grandfather , Abdul Muttalib who died after 2 years and
then after his death his uncle, Abu Talib , father of Hazrat Ali,raised him and
loved him a [Link] would take his hand in his own and go with him to the famous
Arab markets and would take him on business trips [Link] of the tribes living
in Arabia at the time were trading goods.

The Makkans were aware of one God (Allah )but they created more Gods of their
[Link] tribes worshiped idols as their gods . The most famous site was the
Kaaba which was built by Ibrahim (AS )and his son Ismail (AS).There were many
Gods in the form of statues inside and around kaaba which they worshiped in
those [Link] from far places would come to visit those Gods in
[Link] was an important trading and religious center, home to many
temples.

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In his early years, he worked as a shepherd and would take the sheep and cattle
of his relatives and those of the people of Makkah to the surrounding deserts to
graze. He gave his uncle the wages he received in [Link] he worked for his
uncle and gained experience in trading.

By the age of 25 the Holy Prophet (SAW) became a trader, during this period, he
acquired many superior human characteristics such as generosity, good temper ,
good behavior towards neighbors, tolerance and earned a reputation as honest
and trustworthy- Al Sadiq & “al-Amin”.

Khadija, who was an honorable wealthy business woman, used to put her wealth
at the disposal of others who traded for her and received wages in return for their
services. As Muhammad's fame for honesty, virtue and trustworthiness spread
throughout Arabia and reached Khadija, she started seeking his cooperation.
Hazrat Khadija hired Prophet Muhammad(SAW) because of his kind manners
and truthfulness Prophet Muhammad (SAW) began working for Hazrat Khadijah
who was 15 years his senior.

She was 40 years old and had been twice [Link] Muhammad (SAW) was
about 25 years old, Hazrat Khadija proposed marriage and he [Link]
Prophet spent 25 years of his life with Khadija, who was not only a loving wife for
him, but also his best and most helpful mate She put all her wealth at his disposal
to propagate and promote [Link] children were born of his marriage: two sons
named Qasim and Ibrahim who passed away as infants in Makkah and four
daughters named Ruqiyah, Zaynab, Umm Kulsum, and Fatima, who was the most
prominent and honored of them [Link] was so devoted to her husband and
showed such great sympathy and self-sacrifice for him and for the promotion of
his religion that not only did he love her dearly and respect her . He continued to
manage Hazrat Khadija’ business.

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Beginning of Islam- 1st Revelation of Quran
Around the age of 38 ,the holy Prophet (SAW) began to meditate , pray & spend
time alone in cave Hira on a mountain. He would think about the creator of
everything & about the bad society of [Link] was pained by the ugly customs
and false thoughts of his people. The poor and women were treated worse than
animals, as well as the prevalence of gambling, wine drinking and murder
tortured his blessed heart.

During his life before prophethood he never worshiped any [Link] would go
away from the busy town to Mount Noor to spend time [Link] wife Khadija
would pack food for his stay.

In 610 ,at the age of 40 Allah started to show him dreams which would come
true .This was a sign that he was going to be a prophet.
On one of the last 10 days of Ramadan while the Prophet (SAW) was asleep in a
cave of Mount Noor called Cave Hira .Angel Jibraeel came to him in a human
form. He asked him to ‘Read’ . The Holy was scared and said that he couldn't
read.
Then angel Jibraeel caught him forcefully and squeezed him tightly till the time
he could not bear he released him and again asked him to read and he replied “I
do not know how to read”.
Once again the second time he squeezed him hard and released him and again
asked “Read” the prophet said “I do not know how to read”.
Then the angel caught him the third time,pressed him hard and released him.
Then the prophet asked ,”What should I read? ''He gave him first revelation ,the
first 5 verses from surah Al Alaq. As soon as the prophet repeated the verses,
angel Jibreel [Link] holy prophet (SAW) was very scared and his heart
was beating fast & was shivering.
He rushed home and asked his wife Khadija ,’cover me ,cover me’ .She
immediately covered him with a blanket.

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Later he told her the entire incident and said “I fear something may happen to
me”.She comforted him and said not to worry ,” Allah will not dishonor you” .
Muhammad’s(SAW) wife Khadija was the first to believe he was a prophet. She
was followed by Muhammad’s(SAW) ten-year-old cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib, close
friend Abu [Link] she took him to her cousin Warqa bin Naufil who was
blind ,old christian scholar .Prophet Muhammad (SAW) described whatever he
had seen. Warqa immediately knew that Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was Allah’s
last [Link] also said that it was the same angel sent to previous prophets. He
also warned him that the people of Makkah would dislike him and he would have
to leave [Link] a few days Warqa died.

Many days passed and the angel did not return , this made him very sad.
One day he was returning back from Cave Hira he saw angel Jibraeel covering the
sky and he called him by his name and said that he was the last [Link] was
shocked to see the angel in his true form with so many wings and so big in size.
He ran home and covered himself in a blanket .Then Allah revealed the second
revelation from Surah Al Mudassir.

The ways how Allah sent revelations/verses to the Holy Prophet (SAW).
1. Through a dream
2. Verses came to his heart through angel Jibraeel.
3. Angel Jibraeel came in the form of a human.
4. Angel Jibraeel would come in his true form.
5. Angel Jibreel would come with the sound of bells ringing in his ears. .
6. Allah himself gave few revelations Himself directly (at the time of Isra
Miraaj).
Whenever a revelation came the prophet would become extremely quiet,sweat a
lot, and would become and feel very [Link] receiving a revelation he would
call his literate companions to write and memorize the verse.

Watch the video for complete details.

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First Revelation | Muhammad Story Ep 4 || Prophet stories for kids : iqra cartoon Islamic
cartoon

Life in Makkah after prophethood

Prophet Muhammad (SAW) began preaching in Makkah. He told people they

should worship only one God, which was different from the Arab practice of
worshiping many [Link] also told that he was a prophet and messenger of
[Link] new religion was called Islam meaning “submission to Allah.”
Most Makkans tortured ,ignored ,insulted and mocked him.

Makkans tortured the Holy Prophet and the new converts.

Prophet's Persecution : The Prophet (saw) invited people to Islam. The Prophet
gave the message of Islam to Makkans. They rejected him and his uncle Abu
Lahab used insulting language and rejected the invitation to Islam. Persecution
started on that day. The wife of Abu Lahab, Ume Jamila used to throw rubbish
and thorny bushes on the way of the Prophet (saw). The Prophet's two daughters
were divorced by the sons of Abu Lahab.
Once, they put the heavy intestines of a camel on his back when he was in the
prostration in Kaaba. Once a pagan put a cloth around his neck and he could not
breathe.
The Makkans called him a magician, liar & poet. During these years, Muslimshad
to suffer severely.
Boycott of any sort of transactions and trade with the Muslims led to financial
troubles.
Makkan decided to boycott Banu [Link] was a ban that stated that no tribe
could conduct buying, selling and inter-marriage relation with any member of
Banu [Link], his family and companions were also forced to leave their
homes and they lived in a narrow valley outside Makkah for three [Link]
which his wife Hazrat Khadija & uncle Abu Talib had died .

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Persecution of the new Muslims: The treatment with the other Muslims was also
very bad. Once Saad bin Abi Waqas was trying to protect the Prophet (sw) when
he was struck by a sword.
Hazrat Bilal (ra) was laid on the hot sand and rock and a heavy stone was put on
his chest. The Holy Prophet’s friend ,Abu Bakr(ra), a man of a high position, was
beaten so severely that he was about to die. Uthman (ra) was chained by his
uncle because he was not ready to avert. A lady Summiyah (ra) was killed by Abu
Jahl who pierced her stomach with a spear. Hot iron rod was pierced in the eyes
of some [Link] were thrown into animal cages and then were dragged in
the hot [Link] could not worship in Kaaba.
The poor Muslims were not paid for their hard [Link] after facing so much
torture the patient Muslims did not give up Islam.

To escape the tortures of the Makkans the Holy Prophet (SAW) sent some of his
followers to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) as Negus was a just & kind king, who allowed
the Muslims to live peacefully.
Muhammad's(SAW) popularity was seen as a threat by the people in Makkah. The
Makkans had started to plot to kill the Prophet (SAW).And on the other hand the
people of Madina started to invite the Holy Prophet to come to Madina. Then the
Prophet Muhammad (SAW) took his followers on a journey on Allah’s order .He
and his followers migrated from Makkah to Madina (then known as Yathrib).

This journey is called the Hijrah (migration) and the event was seen as so
important for Islam that 622 is the year in which the Islamic calendar begins.

During the rest of his life Prophet Muhammad(SAW) continued to receive

revelations from Allah. The companions (sahabas) memorized and recorded the
verses of the Holy Quran on pieces of wood, leather,stones or [Link] Holy
Quran was made in a book form after the death of the Holy Prophet (SAW).

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The Makkans were against the new religion Islam because:

•They did not want to leave the religion of their ancestors. And wanted to
continue to worship the many idols rather than one Allah.
•They did not want to leave the sinful habits of gambling, drinking, stealing etc.
•Makkah was a trading city & an important idol worshiping place as Khana Kaaba
had many idols. Many people came there for business & worship. And if they
accepted Islam they feared that they would lose their power and money.

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 2nd Term
Life in Madina
The First Muslim Community

Most of the Holy prophet’s (SAW) companions had already migrated to

Madina (then called Yathrib) leaving all their belongings, homes,
businesses in Makkah They needed help, It was at this time that the people
of Madina, who had been waiting for Muhammad (SAW), offered their help
and protection. The Holy Prophet(SAW)migrated to Madina.

Steps taken by the holy prophet (SAW) in the 1st year of Madinah

1. Construction of mosque (Masjid e Nabwi)

2. Adhan (Call to Prayer)

3. Brotherhood (Mawakhat)

4. Charter of Madina (Treaty with the Jews)

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Construction of Mosque

After that there was a need for a proper place of congregation and worship.
A place where the prophet would hold meetings and accommodate the
learners of Quran. The Prophet let his camel loose and decided to build the
mosque wherever it sits. The camel called Qaswa sat on the land of two
orphans. Hazrat Abu Bakr bought land from two orphans, and here the
simplest structure of a mosque was built .Makkan immigrants mixed with
the 'Ansar' (Helpers), and cheerfully started giving shape to Islam's first-
ever mosque which would be known as Masjid-an-Nabi (Prophet's Mosque).
The building was soon constructed of clay and tree trunks with palm leaves
serving as a thatched roof. The Holy prophet’s(SAW) wives were given
rooms there too. The Messenger of Allah himself took part in the
construction by carrying bricks and [Link] Prophet (SAW) said,’ This
shall be my home, my place of worship and my forever resting place. ’

Importance

● Muslims now had a place of worship in congregation

● This mosque became center of education
● Mosque was also social community center where Muslims would
gather
● It was also a military center as all discussion were made here
● It also initially served as a court as the legal matters were also
decided there
● The mosque had house of holy prophet attached to it

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Brotherhood (Mawakhat)
Brotherhood in the community:
He established the Brotherhood, (Muwakhat) between the
Immigrants(Muslims from Makkah were called muhajireen) and the people
of Madina called Helpers, (Ansar of Madinah).Muhajareens were
homeless,jobless & penniless.
The Ansar willingly shared their houses, food and even trade with the
Muhajireen They were now brothers in [Link] brotherhood became
more recognised than blood [Link] were bound in love,kindness
and [Link] brought peace in Madina.

Importance
● It was to help the people who had migrated
● It was an attempt to increase unity among Muslims
● It was to avoid growth in economic class system in Islamic state
● It was also to set an example for the leaders that how they should rule
their
● People by binding then in bond of brotherhood
● It was also to convey the universal concept of brotherhood

Adhan (Call to prayer)

In order to call Muslims for offering congregational prayers Azan was

introduced, as suggested by Hazrat Umar. Hazrat Bilal was appointed as
Muezzin.
Importance

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 ● In order to call Muslims for offering congregational prayers Azan was
introduced, as suggested by Hazrat Umar. Hazrat Bilal was appointed
as Muezzin.
● Azaan is a symbol of unity of the Muslims.
● Adhan also invites us to come to the mosque which is a place of peace
and unity.
● Every word of Azaan is worth understanding which gives us the lesson
to be answerable to God and be a good citizen.
● Reminder from God to His believer and reinforcement for Muslims
Faith

The Charter Of Madina

(Treaty with the Jews a written promise)

It means document from early Islamic history based upon agreements

between the jewish tribes of Madina and the Prophet Muhammad(SAW)
soon after the Hijrah (migration).
The holy Prophet (SAW) also wanted a friendly relation between the non
Muslims of Madina, mostly Jews.
In Madinah at that time there were three Jewish tribes Banu Qainuqa, Banu
Nazeer, and Banu Quraiza, who held the most powerful positions in
economy, trade, weaponry, and politics. There was no peace in Madina as
tribes kept on fighting with each other.
The Jews were goldsmiths and blacksmiths. They lended money on interest
and made weapons of war. The tribes of Madina were at war with each
other and the Jews benefited from their wars, because their weapons were
then sold. Prophet Muhammad(SAW) made a peace treaty with the Jews of
Madina.
The points of agreement were: ( refer to the slide too)

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 ● Those Jews who join in the treaty and become part of the larger
community will be helped and get equal treatment .
● The Jews shall not be harmed, nor shall their enemies be given help.
● The Jews will have the right to practice their own religion.
● The Jews have the same status as the parties making the
agreement/deal.
● In case of an attack on Madina, the Jews will defend Madina along
with the Muslims.
This agreement of Madina created :
● the first Islamic community of Madina.
● It also ended fighting between the rival tribes of Banu Aws and Banu
Khazraj in Madinah.
● It allowed religious freedom to all citizens.

The Jews had no option but to agree, before coming up with ways to harm
the Muslims. The people of Quraish were jealous of the growing power of
Islam in Madina. They persecuted the Muslims left behind in Makkah.
In the second year of Hijra Muslims were allowed by Allah to fight the
Quraish ,Jews or Christians which were against them.

Importance

● The holy prophet was able to prevent the rise of hostility between
Muslims and Jews the way it had been in Makkah between Muslims
and Quraish.
● This set an example for Muslims that how they can set peace between
non- Muslims under their rule
● The treaty gave Muslims hope as both Muslims and Jews would
defend Madinah if any attack was done on Madinah

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 ● The status of holy prophet was raised quiet high as he was recognized
as undisputed leader by the people of Madinah

Battles in Madinah
Battle of Badr
In the second year of Hijra a strong army of Makkans led by Abu Jahal
consisting of 1000 men set out to attack Madina .The holy Prophet(SAW)
received information about this and decided to meet the enemy outside
Madinah at a place called Badr, he set out with 313 men .The battle of Badr
was the most important among the Islamic Battles. For the first time the
followers of the new religion were put to a serious [Link] hundreds of
companions of the Messenger whose hearts were filled with the faith and
readiness for sacrifice.
The Muslims fought very bravely because they had faith in Allah and loved
the holy prophet. Muslims attacked the enemy [Link] Messenger
(SAW) took a handful of sand when the battle was extremely heated. He
threw it at the faces of the enemies saying “ May Your faces be disfigured.
God, terrify their hearts and invalidate their feet. “ The enemies ran away,
turning their faces to no one. 70 of them were killed in the battle. Abu
Jahal, their leader, was also killed. Only 14 Muslims were
[Link] took from them 70 prisoners.

Result of this battle:

The Battle of Badr in Islamic history, was the first military victory of the
Prophet Muhammad (SAW) . It seriously damaged Makkan prestige while
strengthening the political position of Muslims in Madina and establishing

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Islam as a strong force in Arabia. The rise of Islam against the Makkans
was an important development in military history, as well as in the history
of religion and society. The Prophet Muhammad was a skilled war leader as
well as the founder of a faith, and at Badr his religion was spread by the
sword. Muslims were honored and buried as martyrs, whereas the defeat
was a source of great shame and grief for the Makkans.
Quraysh’s defeat at the Battle of Badr was not only a combative defeat but it
also crushed their moral pride. Quraysh were humiliated in this battle, and
decided to avenge their defeat.

Battle of Uhud

The defeat at Badr was an insult which the Quraish could not bear without
taking revenge. In the 3rd Hijri they started to prepare for another attack
against the Muslims. They sent a message to all the tribes to join against the
[Link] Quraish built a massive army which comprised 3000 soldiers,
300 camels, 200 horses and 700 armors. Abu Sufiyan was leading the army
of Makkan. His wife was called Hind; she was leading the women in the
battle. She had come to take revenge on the men killed in the Battle of
Badr. The Muslim had 700 men in the army. This Battle was fought in the
valley of Uhud. Holy Prophet ‘s (SAW) uncle Hazrat Hamza who was a
fearless warrior participated in this battle. The Holy Prophet (SAW)
ordered 50 archers to be positioned at the hill. They were commanded not
to leave their position until further orders. The two armies came face to
face and the battle started. Muslims fought bravely and they were winning
in the beginning . Hazrat Hamza was martyred by Wahshi. Losing uncle
Hamza was a great loss. But it did not make the Muslims down and they
continued fighting with courage. The enemies thought they were losing the

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battle and he started to run away from the battlefield. Seeing this the
Muslim archers on the mountain who were ordered not to move left their
positions and started collecting the spoils of war (booty) .They thought that
the battle was over. This weakened the position of the Muslim army .
The Muslims lost the battle of Uhud because of their disobedience as there
were no men positioned to defend them from the enemy who came with a
second attack. During this battle the holy Prophet (SAW) was also injured
very badly.

Lessons Muslim Learnt From the Battle of Uhud

1. Obedience to leadership
The people who protected the hill were not supposed to leave out of their
own accord – but they did – with disastrous results. Even the greatest
leader like Prophet Muhammad (saw) cannot save a people if they are not
obedient to him. Victory is dependent on the leader AND the followers.

2. Love of worldly possessions is the source of all problems

The Muslims left the battlefield due to this very reason. It was their concern
for losing out on the spoils of war that caused them to leave their position
on the hill.

3. Being Muslim by itself is no guarantee for victory

Your character and action are criteria for victory. Even those early Muslims
who were very pure in their commitment and who were successful in Badr
when they were few in number – that background was no guarantee of
victory. Their larger numbers and better equipment did not help either as it
was accompanied by overconfidence instead of being humble before their
Lord.

4. There needs to be a limit to revenge

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Wahshi was the one who brutally killed Hazrat Hamza and mutilated his
body. This incident reflected the reality that when taking revenge, some
people have absolutely no limit in expressing their revenge. The death of
someone was not sufficient for them.

5. Have faith in Allah, Never give up [Link] describes the battle as both
a punishment and a test of their steadfastness.

Battle of Ahzab(Battle of Trench)

The holy Prophet (SAW) had made a treaty with the Jews of Madinah to live
peacefully but the Jews were not sincere and they broke their
[Link] of the Jewish tribes, who did not like the Prophet's presence
in Medinah, soon began to cause trouble amongst the Muslims. In the end,
the Muslims had no choice but to drive them from [Link] the fifth year
of hijra the Quresh from Makka plotted with the Jews and prepared to
attack the Muslims of [Link] Sufyan was coming to attack them with
an enormous army which included many other Arab tribes, as well as
[Link] battle is called Ahzab( Ahzab means tribes or grouping )or the
battle of the [Link] holy Prophet (SAW) decided to fight the enemy
from inside Madina. Among the prophet’s companions was Salman Farsi
who was from Persia .He suggested that a deep trench be dug around the
city of Madina to protect it. The digging of the trench began in which the
prophet (SAW) himself and nearly 3,000 Muslims took [Link] dug hard
day and night for almost three [Link] last a trench or Khandaq ,which
was very wide and deep was dug around the city. It was wide enough to
prevent any rider from crossing it. When the troops of the enemy arrived
with a force of 10000 they could not cross the trench however they camped
outside and laid siege to Madinah . The enemies showered the Muslims with
arrows and tried their best to jump over to the other side. At last one of
their strongest warriors along with a few others was able to cross over on
his horse and started attacking the Muslims but Hazrat Ali came forward

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and killed him .The Jewish tribe of Bani Quraiza, who had stood by the,
agreement with the Muslims, were pressured by a Jewish to break their
promise. Eventually they agreed to do so .The Quraish continued the siege
of Madinah for many weeks. The Muslims had to face a lot of hardships
because of it. Things became more difficult for the Muslims day by day. It
was extremely cold and food began to run [Link] they had to
remain hungry for days at a stretch but even then they did not give up .The
prophet (SAW) and all the Muslims prayed hard to Allah to help them .At
last Allah's help came in the form of windstorms and rain. The enemy's
camps were blown away ,uprooted and torn ,their pots and pans were
scattered and their horses ran [Link] storm continued for three days and
three nights making it impossible for the enemy to light a fire to cook a meal
or warm themselves by. This forced them to end the siege and go back.
Six Muslims were martyred and 300 Makkans were killed in the battle
which lasted for a month. After the battle the prophet (SAW) said that the
Makkans will never dare to attack again and the prophecy came true.
The Prophet (P.B.U.H) ordered the Muslims to march against the Bani
Qurayzah as they hid in their [Link] was decided that the Jews should
be tried by their own Holy Law, according to which anyone who broke a
treaty would be put to death. As a result all the men of the Bani Qurayzah
were executed and the women and children made captives.

Glossary
1. Bedouin -any tribe or member of a tribe of Arab living in the deserts.
2. Foster mother- a lady who cares for a child other than his/her own
parents.
3. Tribe-a group comprising numerous families, villages having a
common language or culture.
4. Idols a statue or image representing a God and used as an object of
worship.
5. Merchant -businessman who buys goods and sells them for a profit.
6. Meditate- to think calmly, deeply.

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7. Preaching- talk /discuss/teach religion
8. Mock-to make fun
9. Migrate -to move from one place into another.
10. Sustain -to keep (something) going on

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