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FDS Lab Meterial CS3361

Data science laboratory

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FDS Lab Meterial CS3361

Data science laboratory

Uploaded by

rajkumarrajrs2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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EXNO:1 DOWNLOAD, INSTALL AND EXPLORE THE FEATURES OF NUM i iP SCIPY, JUPYTER, STATSMODELS AND PANDAS | DATE: S]i0/o% ‘AIM: inthis experiment, we explore the knowledge of python packages download, install and features. OBJECTIVES: stallation of python open source packages. ‘To understand the in: of different python packages. © To understand the feature PROCEDURE: oftware. (Anaconda is a distribution of the python «Download and install Anaconda s\ easiest way to perform thousands of python open programming language. It offers the source packages and libraries). ‘Anaconda software, we download an and python open = Using install Jupyter Notebook source packages. ‘After Anaconda installation, open Anaconda Navigator from start menu. select Environments in the left hand pane below home. b. In Anaconda Navigator, 1 the right of where you selected and be y". Click on it c. Just low the "search environments” bar, you should see “base (root) pointing right should appear, 1, using below commands you install Jup) click on it a select "open terminal”. 4. A triangle yter Notebook and «In Anaconda Terminal packages successfully. Download and install packages using Terminal Commands: a, Activate Anaconda. This activates your conda environment. > conda activate b. Install Jupyter Notep6ok. | ¢. To list all of the installed packages in the conda aetive environment. > pip list d. Install packages. > pip install > Example: «pip install numpy + pip install pandas + pip install scipy ‘pip install statsmodels Verify package installation, and know the version of installed package. > pip show f. Upgrading package version. > pip install -upgrade g- Uninstall packages. > pip uninstall h. Deactivate the conda environment. > conda deactivate FEATURES OF PACKAGES: A. Numpy (Numerical Python): ‘+ NumPy (Numerical Python) is an open source Python library that’s used in almost every field of science and engineering. : * Itis the core library for num | The NumPy library ind scientific computing. ins multidimensional array and matrix data structures. ‘It provides ndaray, a homogeneous n-dimensional array object, with methods to efficiently operate on it. ‘+ NumPy can be used to perform a wide variety of mathematical operations on arrays, + It adds powerful data structures to Python that guarantee efficient calculations with arrays and matrices and it supplies an enormous library of high-level mathematical functions that operate on these arrays and matrices. B. SciPy (Scientific Python): + SciPy is a collection of mathematical algorithms and convenience functions built on the NumPy extension of Python, + It provides many user-friendly and effective numerical functions for numerical integration and optimization, ‘+ Itallows users to manipulate the data and visualize the data using a wide range of high- level Python commands. + The SciPy library supports integration, gradient optimization, special functions, ordinary differential equation solvers, parallel programming tools, and many more. C. Jupyter Notebook: + Jupyter Notebook is an open-source, web-based interactive environment. Allows you to create and share documents that contain live code, mathematical equations, graphics, maps, plots, visualizations, and narrative text. ot tegrates with many programming languages like Python, PHP, R, C#, ete. + Jupyter Notebook allows users to convert the notebooks into other formats such as HTML and PDF. © Jupyter Notebook is platform-independent because it is represented as JSON GavaScript Object Notation) format, which is a language-independent, text-based file format. D. Statsmodels: + Statsmodels is a Python library built specifically for statistics. * Statsmodels is built on top of NumPy, SciPy, and matplotlib, It contains more advanced functions for statistical testing and modeling the estimation en t statistical models, as well as for conducting statistical tests, and statjstiGal data exploration, E. Pandas ens * Pandas is an open-source Python Library providing high-performance data | manipulation and analysis tool using its powerful data structures, Fast and efficient DataFrame object with default and customized indexing. i * Tools for loading data into i memory data objects from different file formats. | © Data alignment and integrated handling of missing data. | «Reshaping and pivoting of date sets. | Other Python important packages for data science: 1. Plotly: Plotly is a well-known Python data visualization package. It provides us with interactive graphs that allow us to explore the relationship of variables. 2. Matplotlib: Matplotlib is the most famous Python data visualization package. 3. BeautifulSoup: Th popular python library most commonly known for web crawling and data scraping, 4. Scrapy: Scrapy is one of the most popular, fast, open-source web crawling frameworks written in Python. 5. Scikit-learn: Scikit-learn, a machine learning library that provides almost all the machine learning algorithms you might need. 6. Keras: Keras is a neural network library in Python. Aims to work quickly with deep learning networks, while being designed to be compact, modular, and extensible. 7. TensorFlow: TensorFlow is a software Ii rey) framework to make machine learning and deep learning concepts as simple asfossible. ‘The python packages are inslaHed and features are studied successfully. EX.NO: 2 WORKING WITH NUMPY ARRAYS DATE: @}10)23 In this exercise learn about various functions of Numpy package to perform mathematical and logical operations in numpy arrays. OBJECTIVES: To understand the multidimensional array and matrix data structures. * To understand how to perform advanced operations on multidimensional array. + Tounderstand how to apply statistical operations to n-dimensional arrays. * To .understand axis and shape properties for n-dimensional arrays. PROCEDURE: * Open Jupyter Notebook. * Create new Notebook. * Import numpy python library. * Start using different numpy functions. PROGRAM: 1. Import numpy package. > import numpy as np Print(np.__version_) OUTPUT 1.23.5 2 Functions for creating numpy array, mparray(), Ap.zeros(), np.ones(), np.empty(), np.aranj * aenp.array({(1,2],{3,4),{5,6]]) b=np.zeros((2,4),dtypes C=np.ones((2,4)) '8e0, np.linspace(), np. full), np. pinta) e=np.arange(2,20,2) fnp linspace(1,20,num=5) g=np.full((2,2),3) benp.eye(3,3) i=np.repeat() print(a,"W\b,"Wn'se,\n'd,"\n'e,'n'£,\n'yg,'W',h,'W') ourPuT (12) B 4] [5 6]} [10 000) [0000] (0. t11] (Li) (0.111) (LL Ly [2 4 6 810121416 18] [1.5.75 10.5 15.25 20. ] (B 3) (33]) [1.0.0] 0.1.0.) (0.0.1.]] 1112233445566] 3. Numpy Array Indexing & Slicing. > arr=np.array({11,12,13,14,15)) rint(arr) Print("Ele 1 : “jarr{0)) Print("Ele 3 : "arr{2}) Print("Ble 1 to 3 : *, Print("All elesaéhts : "arr(:]) print("All elements except first 2: ",arr{2:]) arr = np.array({{1,2,3,4,5]{6,7,8,9,10]]) print("Array : ",art) v print("Dim : ",arr.ndim) print("Ele (1,1) : ",arr{1]{1]) print("Ele (0,0) : ",arr{0}(0)) print("Ele (1,3) : ",arr(1][3]) print("First three Ele in first row : ",arr{0]{:3]) print("Ele in second row : ",arr(1][:}) print("All the elements in the matrix : \n",arr{:J[:]) > arr= np.array((20,21,22,23,24]) print("Last Ele : ",arr{-1]) print("Last three element : ",arr{-3:]) OUTPUT (11 12 13 14 15) Elel: 11 Ele3: 13 Ele 1 to3: [1112 13) Allelements : [11 1213 14 15) All elements except first 2: [13 14 15] 4. Attributes of the numpy array. > ar=npaarray({C1,2,3)4,5,6],7,8,9]) Print("Dimension of the ndarray:"arr.ndim) Print('Size ofthe ndarray in each dimension:",arrshape) Print("Total number of elements in the ndatray:” ",arr.size) print(’ "The data type of the elements of a NumP: array:" arr.dtype) print(" "Returns the size (in bytes) of each element ofa ndarray:",arr.itemsize) OUTPUT Amay: [[1 23 4 5] [6789 1o)) Dim: 2 Ble (1,1): 7 Ble (0,0): | Ble (1,3): 9 First three Ble in first row : [1.2.3] Ele in second row: [6 7 8 910] All the elements in the matrix : [12345] [678 9 10}} 5. Reshaping array. np.reshape(), np.flatten() > arr= np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9,10,11,12)) nowarr = arr.reshape(2, 2, 3) print(newarr) > a=nparray(([1,2), (3,4])) arr=a.flatten() print(arr) OUTPUT Dimension of the ndarray: 2 Size of the ndarray in cach dimension: (3, 3) Total number of elements in the ndarray: 9 The data type of the elements of a NumPy array: int64 Returns the size (in bytes) of each element of a ndarray: 8 6. Joining, Sorting, Splitting Array. "p.concatenate(), np.sort(), np.array_split() > arr=np.array({[3,5,89,34,6,5,34,6]) Print("Sorting the array:",np.sort(arr)) Print("Spliting the array:",np.array_split(arr,2)) arrl = np.array({{1, 2, 3},7,8,9}]) arr2 = np.array({[4, 5, 6},[10. OUTPUT Sorting the array: [3 5 5 6 6343489] Spliting the array: [array({ 3, 5, 89, 34)), array({ 6, 5,34, 61)] Joining two array: [[ 1 2 3] [789] 145 61 [10 11 12]] 7. Basic mathematic operations in array, > a= nparray((7,3,4,5,1]) b= np.array([3,4,5,6,7]) print("Addition:",np.add(a,b)) print(’Multiplication:",np.multiply(a,b)) Print("Subtraction:",np.subtract(a,b)) print("Power:",np.power(a,b)) print("Division:" np.divide(a,b)) Print("Modulo Devision:" np.remainder(a,b)) OUTPUT Addition: [10 7 911 8] Multiplication: (21 12 20 30 7] Subtraction: [ 4 -1 -1 -1 -6] Power: [ 343 81 102415625 1] Division: [2.33333333 0.75 0.8 —_0.83333333 0, 14285714) Modulo Devision: [13 45 1] 8. Creating array from existing data "p.asarray(), np.copy(), np.view() > a(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) arr=np.asarray(a) rint(arr) > ™np.array((1,2,3,4,5,6)) b=a.copy() af4}=90 print("Original:",a) print("Copy:",b) > asnp.array((1,2,3,4,5,6)) b=a.view() print("Original:",a) print("Copy:",b) OUTPUT [123456789] Original: [1 2 3 490 6] Copy: [123456] Original: [123 45 6] Copy: [123456] 9. More useful statistical array operations. > a=npaarray((21,22,34,45,56,67,31,78]) print("Sum:",np.sum(a)) print("Minimum:",np.min(a)) print("Maximum:",np.max(a)) print("Mean:",np.mean(a)) print("Standard Deviation:",np.std(a)) print(""Varience:"np.var(a)) print("Exponent:",np.exp(a)) print(""Square:",np.sqrt(a)) print("Percentile:",np.percentile(a,25)) OUTPUT Sum: 354 Minimum: 21 Maximum: 78 Mean: 44,25 Standard Deviation: 19,721498421773127 Varience: 388.9375 Exponent: [1.3188] 1€+09 3,5849128Se+09 $,83461743e+14 3.493427] 1le+19 7.09165950¢+24 1.25236317e+29 2.90488497e+13 7.49841700e+33) Square: [4.58257569 4.69041576 5.83095189 6.70820393 7.48331477 8.18535277 5,56776436 8.83176087] Percentile: 28.75 10, Iterating array. > aenparray((3,4,6,7,78,8,98,9,9]) for x in np.nditer(a): print(x) ouTPUT 3 4 6 7 7B 8 98 9 9 11, Save and Load numpy array. > a-np.array({[1,2,3,4],(3,4,5,6])) np.savetxt(‘one.txt'a,delimiter="") a=np.array({[1,2,3,4],[3,4,5,6]]) np.loadtxt(‘one.txt’delimiter=') OUTPUT array({[1., 2.3.4.) (3.4.5. 6.) 12, Get array unique items. > a=npaarray({11, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 12, 13, 11, 14, 18, 19, 20)) unique_values = np,uffique(h) OUTPUT [11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20) 13, Reverse an array. > arr=np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4], (5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12]]) reversed_atr = np-flip(arr) print(reversed_arr) ouTPUT [U2 1110 9) [8765] (432) 14, Random number generation, > a=np.random.randint(1,7,size=10) print(a) OUTPUT 15213521665) a In this exercise the numy Y package functions are studied and exec ited successfi ise PY pi i gk ir ic ally. EX.NO :3 WORKING WITH PANDAS DATA FRAMES | DATE: 4] 10)23 AIM: The aim of this exercise is to acquire the knowledge of pandas package for data manipulation and analysis. OBJECTIVE: * To understand DataFrame object creation for data manipulation with integrated indexing. * To understand data alignment and integrated handling of missing data. * To .understand reshaping and pivoting of data sets. + To understand data set merging and joining. + To understand data filtration. To understand group by engine allowing split-apply-combine operations on data sets. * To understand data structure column and row insertion and deletion. To understand easy to convert NumPy data structures into DataFrame objects and DataFrame objects to NumPy data structures. To understand reading and writing data between in-memory data structures and different file formats. PROCEDURE: * Open Jupyter Notebook. * Create new Notebook. Import pandas python library. Start using different pandas functions, PROGRAM: 1. Import the packa; > impor print(pd.__version__) OUTPUT 15.3 2, Object Creation (DataFrame and Series), > values = (91, 7, 2,10,14,15] myseries = pd Series(values, index ‘a, "ernd""e","P")) print(myseries) > stu_personal=pd,DataFrame( {'Rollno':[1001,1002, 1003, 1004, 1005),’Name':['A','B'! C,'D\'E',Address',[‘salem','erode','covai’,‘chennai’,'namakkal']}) stu_personal college=pd.Series(('GCT',"GCE'/GCT’,'GCE''GCT")) mark=pd.Series({456,345,399,421,367]) rollno=[1001,1002,1003,1004,1005] per=pd Series({91.2,69,79.8,84.2,73.4]) stu_college=pd.DataFrame( {'Rolino':rolino,'College’:college, Mark':mark,'Percentag e'per}) stu_college > stu_fees=pd.DataFrame( {'Rolino'[1001,1002,1003,1004, 1005},'Fees':{25000,3000, 15000,35000,17500]}) stu_fees OUTPUT: a 91 b’ 7 che? d 10 e 14 fis oe) eer} 3, Add or delete columns and rows. > stu_personal = stu_personal.append( {'Rollno : 1006,'Name' : 'F','Addres gnore_index=True) stu_personal 21,20,22,21,20,22] > stu_personall'Age’ stu_personal > stu_personal.drop({‘Age'],axis=1) > stu_personal.drop(1) B 1001.0 ecu 1003.0 ea oe) ed fit ie Pen eemene iewing data. > stu_personal.head() > stu_college.tail(3) > stu_personal.index > stu_college.columns > stu_personal.to_numpy() > stu_college.describe() Stu_personal.sort_index(axis=1, ascending=False) stu_college.sort_values(by="Mark") stu_college.info() vvwvy OUTPUT: clas 'pandas.core.fame,DataFrame> Rangelndex: 5 entries, Oto 4 Data columns (total 4 columns): # Column Non-Null Count Diype © Roline Snon-null ina 1 College non-null object 2 Mark Srnon-null int 3 Percentage $ non-null Monts types: oat64(1), int64(2), objeci(1) memory usage: 288.0+ bytes Rollno College Mark Percentage lool GCT 456.912 1 1002 GCE 345 9.0 I 1003 GCT 399 798 I 100 GCE 421 842 loos GCT 367 73.4 1 type: ima 5. Selection. a, Selection by Label. > stu_college{{"Mark"J] > stu_personal{0:3] > stu_personal.loc{:, ["Name", "Address"]] OUTPUT: 0 (eae Ke) elu Peek a. Selection by position. > stu_personal.iloc[3] > stu_personal.iloc[3:5, 0:2] > stu_personal.iloc{{1, 2,4], (0, 2]] > stu_personal.iloc[ 1:3, :] OUTPUT: | Ca 20 Bae es: RX ea) PACK MC OnR ETAL Bee ea 71 6, Operations, > stu_fees['Fees'].mean() > stu_fees['Fees'].sum() > stu_feesf'Fees'].max() > stu_fees['Fees'].min() OUTPUT: 3000 7. Apply. > new = stu_college[’Mark').apply(lambda num : num + 5) new > stu_personal.applymap(lambda x: len(str(x))) OUTPUT: 8. Merge two datasets. * stu per_col=pd.concat([stu_personal,stu_college],axis~1) stu_per_col ® stu_all=pd.merge(stu_per_col,stu_fees, on="Rollno") stu_all OUTPUT: 0 A em ees ec ; | Cot Reve nieecnys f Con) | TS nee no KOA ed if A oo; 8 ost conc) oes fe 9. Grouping. > stu_all.groupby({'Address'))[['Fees']] sum) 40. Reshaping. > stacked=stu_all.stack() stacked > stacked.unstack() > pdpivot_table(stu_all, values=["Fees"], index=["Rollno"], columns=["Address"}) OUTPUT: CS) teu 11. Correlation. > stu_all.corr() OUTPUT: ea oer Cra Ft ry S$ a | eerie) Peete Demanrceeear iertie Peary ors | eo toes ee Ba Ru Aten Reh) ee Mime UL ment Lo Mec e Man Rte efit Cea ETC} RA aoa et eer ae ERARCC) 12. Read and Write dataset. > stu_all.to_excel(‘one.xlsx’) > pd.read_excel("one.xisx") OUTPUT: 13. Cleaning the dataset. > sample=pd.util.testing. makeMi sample v sample.isnull() sample.isnull(.sum(, sample.dropna() sample.duplicated() sample.drop_duplicates() sample fillna(130.6542) vvvvvyv we SULT In this exercise the Pandas package functions are studied and executed successfully. es con coy can cat ran Paes re Dos ce oe ei A 20 p at Fy ie 1002 1003, ingDataframe() sees sees rica ica 0:4 READING DATA FROM TEXT FILES, EXCEL AND THE WEB Pane AND EXPLORING VARIOUS COMMANDS FOR DESCRIPTIVE ANALYTICS ON THE IRIS DATA SET. DATE: 2b} 10/23 AIM: The aim of this exercise is to acquire the knowledge of reading dataset from the different extensions and analyzing the Iris dataset. OBJECTIVE: To understand some of the necessary packages. To understand visualization packages like scaborn and matplotlib. * To understand reading dataset from different extensions. + To understand information of the dataset and missing values. + To understand dataset description. * To understand visualization chart like scatterplot, countplot. * To understand correlation concepts. * To understand correlation through visualization, * TounderstandHistogramcharts,Boxplotandtheconceptoftheremovingoutliers, PROCEDURE: + Open Jupyter Notebook. * Create new Notebook. Import necessary packages, Load the dataset in different extensions, Start analyzing the Iris dataset, PROGRAM: Step L:Import Necessary packages > import pandas as pd importnumpyasnp importrequests frombs4importBeautifulSoup OUTPUT dfepd.rend_esv("Itis.csv") af } «Step 2:Reading data from text files > df+pd.read_esv("Iris.csv") df errr heat pyeces ated ecaea © Step 3:Reading data from excel files > df=pd.read_excel("Iris.xlsx")df OUTPUT: + Step 4:Reading data from web > #Makearequest page-requests.get("https://get.org.in") soup=BeautifulSoup(page.text, html.parser’) # Extract title of page title=soup.titleprint(ttle) # Extract all menu list in page li=soup.find_all(li'elass_="menu-item") forlin li: #4 Extract all reference link page forlinkinsoup.find_all(‘a'): print(link.get(href) OUTPUT: + Step 5:Exploring various commands for doing descriptive analytics on the Iris dataset > Display the dataset information dfinfod OUTPUT: Fes eee a ae ee fer oa eeO Mes CL) Data’ coluans (total 6 columns): Cote Cee Teton 5c) pt yore eesti re erie meee ee eat} ee meet ee iterate tee reg ere ee Me eet CTE Pees trt retest ren temas reat Pe en beast se Soiree ui clet eas ate8} > Display the column names of the iris dataset df.columns ouTpuT: Cre a Pay ress) > Display the shape nnd size of the dataset print(afshape) print(len(at)) ourPuT: (150, 6) 150 > Know the column data types of the dataset dfdtypes output: Id eeu ie) Reece Cerra Peete species Eitan ad > Display the statistical summary of the dataset df.describe() OUTPUT: Pee eae oe! Seaton) Care cu) esi ag Eek ERyEEE Elec Perri eg treet pcos cena} Eric} Erery) Papo Ean ce Ed Pots) Bese) an) Pea) Bee Ce Re cli Oo Ty > Count the data by species df{'Species'].value_counts() ouTPUT: pereeerre] 50 pote ries ta. Cee poeer erste meee. ere es Pass Lee uscd > Checking missing values df.isnull().sum() ouTPUT: BC Bete sae Pes Ur re) fe yiea saret Peete Gusts Cie tics > Checking duplicate data df.duplicated().sum() OUTPUT: ° + Step 6:Understand the data by data visualization > Countplot displays the number of observations for a categorical variable using bars. sns.countplot(x='Species’, data=df,palette="OrRd") pltshow() ouTPUT: wis-setona, wis-versicolor wis-virginica ‘species: > Relation between variables using scatter plot. sns.scatterplot(x='SepalLengthCm', y='SepalWidthCm' hue~'Species’, data=df)plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1, 1),loc=2) pltshow > sns.scatterplot(x—PetalLengthCm’, y='Petal WidthCm' hue='Species’, data=df)plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1, 1),loc=2) pit.showQ, OUTPUT: > Heat Map-shows a correlation between all numerical variables in the dataset sns.heatmap(df.corr(method="pearson’).drop({"Id'], axis=1).drop({"Id'Jaxis=0),annot =Tmue) pltshow0 ouTPUT: > Plot all the column’s relationships using a pair plot sns pairplot(df.drop(({'Id'],axis=1),hue='Species' height=2) ouTPUT: & zy 3 oT 3 Fetaltengthem Petaivwethens > Data Distribution using Histogram fig,axes=plt.subplots(2,2, figsize=(10,10)) axes{0,0].set_title("Sepal Length") axes(0,0].hist(df['SepalLengthCm'], bins=7) axes[0,1].set_title(""Sepal Width") axes(0,1].hist(df{'SepalWidthCm’], bins=5) axes[I,0].sct_title("Petal Length") axes[ 1,0]-hist(df[’PetalLengthCm'), bins=6) : axes(1,1].set_title("Petal Width") axes[1,1].hist(df’PetalWidthCm'), bins=6) pltshow() outut: defgraph(y): sns.boxplot(x="Species", y=y, data=df) plt.figure(figsize=(10,10)) plt.subplot(22!) graph(‘SepalLengthCm’) plt.subplot(222) graph(‘SepalWidthCm’) | plt.subplot(223) | graph(PetalLengthCm') pit.subplot(224) sgraph(PetalWidthCm') pltshow() ourpuT: wae *\ anion Pagcgar ven —————<—_—SS ees ge outlier data using Box plot. > defoutlier(df): qi=df.quantile(0.25) q=df.quantile(0.75) 1QR=q3-q) final f{((AF<(q1-1-SIQR)M(Al>(G3+1-5*1QR))) anglais 1)) return final result=outlier(df) pl-figure(figsize=(15,15)) ns boxplot(data=df-drop({"Ia'},axis=1)) j pltshow0 ouTPUT: . In this experim cess! eriment the is inf ve suc analysis 6f the irfs dataset have been executed -ssfully.

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