ANATOMY – 2 Nov 2020
SCALP
1. Buccinators----------3marks
2. Blood supply and nerve supply of the scalp----------3marks
3. Lacrimal gland-----------3marks
4. Describe scalp in under the following headings: ----------10 marks
● layers ● Blood supply ● Nerve supply ● Applied aspects
5. Lacrimal Apparatus
6. Name the muscles of facial expression and describe them as follows:
• Origin , insertion and action
• Nerve supply
• Applied anatomy
SIDE OF NECK
1. Describe posterior triangle as under: • Boundaries • Contents • Applied
anatomy-------------10marks
2. Carotid sheath (Formation Relation Contents )---------5marks
3. Sternocleidomastoid ------------3marks
4. External jugular vein -----------------3marks
5. Internal jugular vein
6. Lymphatic drainage of head and neck with applied Anatomy (5 marks)
7. Sub Occipital Triangle (boundaries and contents) – 3 marks
8. Dangerous area of face (3 marks)
9. Facial colliculus – How its formed
10. Name any four nerves related to the posterior border of Sternocleido mastoid muscle
(5 marks)
11. Branches of external carotid artery
12. VERTEBRAL ARTERY
13. Torticollis
14. Describe the internal carotid artery under the following headings
• Parts • Course • Branches • Relations• Applied anatomy
16. Describe the vertebral artery under the following headings.
a) Development ,b) Commencement c) Course and relations d) Branches, e)
Applied anatomy.
17. Blood supply to spinal cord
18.Platysma and mention what is it a remnant of
ANTERIOR TRIANGLE
1. Carotid triangle----------3marks
2. Digastric triangle (boundaries and contents)---------3marks
3. Name the anterior triangles of neck, mentioning their boundaries and
contents------------------------5marks
PAROTID REGION
1. Explain the parotid gland under the following headings -----------10marks
a) Position
b) External features
c) Relations
d) Non glandular structures
e) Blood supply and nerve supply
f) Clinical anatomy
g) Parotid duct
2. Pes anserinus-------------3marks
TEMPORAL AND INFRTEMPORAL REGIONS
1. Mandibular nerve under the heading- origin, course, relation, distribution, applied
anatomy------10marks
2. Lingual artery ---------3marks
3. Lingual nerve
4. Ansa cervicalis---------------3marks
5. Otic ganglion -------------3marks
6. Describe the temporo-mandibular joint in detail under the following
headings:------------------10 marks
• Articular surfaces • Ligaments • Articular disc • Relations
• Movements and muscles producing them • Blood supply and nerve supply •
Applied anatomy and Bones articulating
7. Describe the maxillary nerve under the following: -------------5marks
• Course and relations • Branches and distribution • Applied anatomy
8. Describe the maxillary artery – Origin, course, branch, distribution (10 marks)
9. Ramus of Mandible (3 marks)
10. Explain the muscles of mastication under following headings:
a) Origin b) insertion c) nerve supply d) actions
11. Boundaries and contents of infra temporal fossa
12. middle meningeal artery
13. Spheno mandibular ligament
14. I part of maxillary artery.
SUBMANDIBULAR REGION
1. Superficial relations of hyoglossus muscle-----------3marks
2. Submandibular ganglion-------------------3marks
3. Describe the sub mandibular gland under following headings:-----------------------
10marks
● Parts ● Relations ● Nerve supply ● Duct ● Applied anatomy, Location ,
Structure and Position c) Secretomotor pathway d) Histology
STRUCTURES IN THE NECK
1. Explain the thyroid gland under the following headings: ------10marks
Microscopic structure, ● Parts and capsule ● relations ● blood supply ● nerve
supply ● applied aspects
2. Subclavian artery -----------3marks
3. Thyroglossal duct(3 marks)
4. Vertebral artery (3 marks)
5. Investing layer of Cervical fascia(5 marks)
6. Supra sternal space of Burn’s
7. Thyroid gland under the following headings – Structure and Position, Relations,
Blood supply, Histology and add a note on its Surgical Anatomy.
8. Torticollis
9. Scalenus anterior muscle
10.
CRANIAL CAVITY
1. Cavernous sinus-----5marks
2. Classify dural venous sinuses. Describe the cavernous sinus in detail under the
following headings:-------------------10 marks
• Situation • Relations (structures outside, structures in the lateral wall and within the sinus)
• Tributaries • Communications • Applied anatomy
3. Trigeminal ganglion -----------3marks
4. Falx cerebii-------------3marks
5. Pterion(3 marks)
6. Pterygo-Palatine Ganglion (3 marks)
7. Tentorium Cerbelli (3 marks)
8. Explain the lateral pterygoid muscle under following headings:
attachments relations nerve supply actions
9. Maxillary air Sinus
10. Describe the following about the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
• Functional component • Cranial nerve nuclei • Course• Branches
• Communications• Applied anatomy
11. Spheno palatine ganglion
CONTENTS OF THE ORBIT
1. Describe the extra ocular muscles under the following headings:
• Attachments • nerve supply • actions • applied anatomy
2. Name all the extrinsic muscles of the eyeball. Mention their actions-----------------
5marks
3. Ciliary ganglion ---------------------3marks
4. Optic Pathway (3 marks)
5. Orbicularis Oculi (3 marks)
6. Orbicularis Oris (3 marks)
7. Mention the muscles supplied by the occulo-motor nerve in the orbit
8. Ophthalmic artery
MOUTH AND PHARYNX
1. Constrictors of pharynx-------------5marks
2. Inferior constrictor of pharynx----------3marks
3. Muscles of soft palate and hard Palate-----------5marks
4. Palatine tonsil (Relation, Blood Supply, Applied Anatomy)-----------5marks
5. Superior constrictor muscles of pharynx-------------3marks
6. Describe the muscles of pharynx in detail-------------5marks
7. Naso-pharynx--------------3marks
8. Waldeyer’s lymphatic ring
9. Auditory tube – parts and relations-----------------5marks
10. Describe the hard palate under the following headings:-------5marks
● formation and epithelium covering ● development and developmental anomalies
11. Mesodermal derivatives of first and second Pharyngeal arch (5 marks)
12. Derivatives of branchial arches in detail with diagrams
12. Muscles of Pharynx in detail
13. Soft Palate
14. Contents of digastrics triangle
15. Development of palate.
16. Derivatives of first pharyngeal arch.
17. Superficial relations of hyoglossus muscle
18. Cervical part of brachial plexus and its applied anatomy
NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES
1. Hiatus semilunaris------------------3marks
2. Formation, Blood supply and nerve supply of nasal septum-----------5marks
3. Describe the lateral wall of nose under the following headings:-----------------5marks
● formation ● meatus and openings ● blood supply ● nerve supply and Bones and
Cartilage formation
4. Middle meatus of nose
5. Naso lacrimal duct (3 marks)
6. Mention the opening of all para nasal sinuses
LARYNX
1. Inlet of larynx-------------5marks
2. Vocal folds------------5marks
3. Describe Larynx under the following heading (cartilages, Muscles, Blood and nerve
supply, applied anatomy, Vocal cods) – 10 marks
4. Cartilages of Larynx
5. Muscles of larynx (attachments, action, nerve supply)
6. Vocal cords.
7. Cavity of larynx.
8. Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle.
TONGUE
1. Nerve supply of tongue-----5marks
2. Describe tongue in detail under the following headings: -------10marks
● External features ● Muscles, its attachments and actions ● nerve supply ●
development, Lymphatic drainage, applied anatomy, Gross features of dorsal and
ventral surfaces
3. Describe the origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of the extrinsic and intrinsic
muscles of tongue. Add a note on their development. Discuss the applied anatomy.
EAR
1. Describe the middle ear under the following headings : ----------------10marks
• communications • contents • applied anatomy
• boundaries
2. Ear ossicles-----------3marks
3. Describe the gross anatomy, blood supply and nerve supply of tympanic membrane
--------------5marks
4. Anterior wall of middle ear
5. Pharyngotympanic tube
6. Organ of Corti
7. Chorda Tympani nerve
8. Draw a neat labeled diagram of pinna and add a note on its muscle and its
innervations.
EYEBALL
1. Uveal tract----------3marks
2. Movements of Eyeball (3 marks)
3. . Histology of retina
4. Levator palperbrae superioris muscle
5. Structure of the eyeball and mention the layers of Retina
6. lateral rectus
BRAIN
1. Functional areas on the superolateral surface of cerebrum-------------5marks
2. Cerebellar peduncles-----------3marks
3. External features of pons ------------3marks
4. Lateral ventricle-------------3marks
5. Explain sulci, gyri and functional areas of the supero-lateral surface of cerebral
hemisphere in detail ----------------10 marks
6. External features of Medulla Oblangatta
7. Cerebellum
8. Interpeduncular fossa
9. Formation of Circle of willis with Diagram ---------------5marks
10. Sulci & gyri of superolateral surface of cerebrum
11. Sulci and gyri of inferior surface of cerebrum
12. Floor of fourth ventricle
13. Dural folding
14. Cerebellar nuclei
15. Intra cerebellar nuclei
16. Fornix
17. Internal Capsule
18. Sub arachnoid cirterns
19. Tectum of the mid brain
20. Rhomboid fossa
CRANIAL NERVES
1. Describe the mandibular nerve under the following headings: ------------------------
10marks
• Nuclei of origin • Course • Branches and distribution • Applied anatomy
2. Describe facial nerve under the following headings: -----------10 marks
● functional components ● extra cranial course. ● branches and distribution ●
applied anatomy
3. Facial artery ------------5marks
4. Branches of facial nerve on face (3 marks)
5. Facial Vein(3 marks)
6. Bells Palsy
7. Describe the occulomotor nerve under the following heading:
a) Nuclei and functional components b) Course and relations c)
Branches d) Applied aspects.
8. Inferior Alveolar Nerve.
9. Histology of sensory ganglion.
10. dental innervation
11. Spinal accessory nerve.
12. Emissary veins.
13. Extra cranial course of facial nerve.
14. Alveolar nerves
15. auriculotemporal nerve
OSTEOLOGY
1. Altlas vertebra-------3marks
2. Hyoid bone------------3marks
3. Styloid process and structures----------5marsk
4. Structures passing through foramen ovale------------3marks
5. Superior orbital fissure----------------3marks
6. Mastoid process -----------3marks
7. Axis Vertebra (3 marks)
8. Describe the infrahyoid muscles under the following heading (origin, insertion, nerve
supply, action) – 5 marks
9. . Microscopic structure of bone and endochondral ossification
10. Periosteum
11. Blood supply of long bone
12. Structure of a synovial joint
13. Secondary cartilaginous joint
14. Ligaments of atlanto axial joint
15. Epiphysis
GENETICS
1. Autosomal dominant inheritance-------------5marks
2. Structure of chromosome-----------------3marks
3. Down’s syndrome----------3marks
4. Barr body----------------3marks
5. Turner’s syndrome --------------3marks
6. X-linked inheritance-----------3marks
7. Karyotyping (3 marks)
8. Structural Chromosomal abnormalities
9. Numerical Chromosomal abnormalities
10. Kleinfelters syndrome
HISTOLOGY
1. Diagram of histology of lymph node-----------------3marks
2. Microscopic structure of optic nerve-----------3marks
3. Microscopic structure of trachea--------3marks
4. Microscopic structure of spinal ganglia--------3marks
5. Microscopic structure of pituitary gland-----------3marks
6. Microscopic structure , Diagram and label of hyaline cartilage---------5marks
7. Microscopic structure of elastic cartilage----------3marks
8. Microscopic structure and Histology of thymus -----------------3marks
9. Microscopic structure of parotid gland------------3marks
10. Microscopic Structure of Spleen
11. Labelled diagram and explain histology of compact bone( 3 marks)
12. Microscopic structure of thick and thin skin with diagram( 5 marks)
13. Development of Upper lip
14. Components of Connective tissue (3 marks)
15. Transitional Epithelium (3 marks)
16. Microscopic Structure of Skin
17. Atlas
18. . Microscopic structure of bone and endochondral ossification
19. Microscopic structure of submandibular salivary gland
20. Histology of cerebral cortex
21. Cardiac Muscle
22. Histology of an elastic artery.
23. Neuron
24. Histology of serous salivary gland
25.
EMBRYOLOGY
1. Explain the development of face and add a note on congenital anomalies of
face------------------10 marks
2. Blood supply and nerve supply of face with diagram
3. Corpus callosum---------3marks
4. Pharyngeal arches-------5marks
5. Development of palate----------5marks
6. Notochord ----------3marks
7. Spermiogenesis ----3marks
8. Spermatogenesis
9. Primitive streak ---------------3marks
10. Derivatives of third and fourth pharyngeal pouches-----------------3marks
11. Describe the derivatives of pharyngeal pouches-------------------5marks
12. Implantation (Definition, Mechanism, abnormal sites---------------5 marks
13. Microscopic structure of Ovary
14. Oogenesis
15. Fertilization
16. Parts of Intraembryonic Mesoderm
17. Chorionic Villi
18. Mitosis and Meiosis (5 marks)
19. Neural Crests
20. Intra embryonic mesoderm
21. Name the para-sympathetic ganglia
