5G TECHNOLOGY

A seminar presentation report submitted

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the
degree

B.Tech in ECE
by

CHENNURI SWAJITH KUMAR

(Hall Ticket No. 2205A41L03)

Under the supervision of

Mr. K. SAGAR

Departmentof Electronics and CommunicationEngineering

SR University, Warangal
June, 2023

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We owe an enormous debt of gratitude to our seminar guide Mr. K. SAGAR,

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR in ECE as well as Head of the ECE Department
Dr. SANDIP BHATTACHARYA, Professor and Head for guiding us from the
beginning through the end of the seminar with their intellectual advices and insightful
suggestions. We truly value their consistent feedback on our progress, which was
always constructive and encouraging and ultimately and drove us to the right
direction.

We express our thanks to seminar coordinator Mr. K. SAGAR, ASSISTANT

PROFESSOR, for encouragement and support.

We wish to take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude and deep sense of
respect to our beloved Vice Chancellor, Prof. DEPAK GARG, for his continuous
support to work in our university and to carry out the seminar presentation.

Finally, we express our thanks to all the teaching and non-teaching staff of the
department for their suggestions and timely support.

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 Abstract

The advent of 5G, the fifth generation of wireless technology, marks a transformative
milestone in global connectivity. With remarkable improvements in data speeds,
reduced latency, and expanded network capacity, 5G technology underpins a wide
spectrum of applications spanning augmented and virtual reality, the Internet of
Things (IoT), autonomous vehicles, telemedicine, and smart cities.

This abstract delves into the technical underpinnings of 5G, elucidating its
architectural intricacies, spectrum allocation strategies, and the critical aspect of
security. Beyond the technical aspects, it elucidates the socioeconomic implications
of 5G, showcasing its pivotal role in catalyzing digital transformation, fostering
economic growth, and bolstering global competitiveness.

However, the deployment of 5G is not without its challenges and controversies, from
privacy concerns to security vulnerabilities and environmental considerations arising
from the expansion of network infrastructure. Consequently, the establishment of
robust regulatory frameworks and international collaboration becomes paramount to
navigate these issues while ensuring the responsible roll-out of 5G technology.

In summation, 5G stands as a remarkable leap in wireless communication, poised to

reshape industries, elevate connectivity, and fuel innovation. Realizing its full
potential necessitates a balanced approach, carefully addressing the technical,
societal, and regulatory facets to harness its benefits while mitigating challenges.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Title Page

No. No.
1. INTRODUCTION 1-12
1.1 Overview of the topic 1

1.2 Evolution from 0G-5G networks 2-3

1.3 0G Wireless system 3

1.4 1G Wireless system 4

1.5 2G Wireless system 5-6

1.6 3G Wireless system 6-7

1.7 4G Wireless system 7-9

1.8 The 5G Technology 9-10

1.9 Comparison of 1G-5G technology 10-12

2. FUNDAMETALS RELATED TO 12-16

THE TOPIC
2.1 5G Mobile network Architecture 12-15
2.2 Key concepts of 5G
15-16
2.3 Features of 5G Technology
16
2.4 Conclusion
16
REFERENCES
3. 17

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LIST OF FIGURES
FIG FIGURE NAME PAGE
NO. NO.
1.1 1G Mobile Phone 4
1.2 2G Mobile Phone 6
1.3 3G Mobile Phone 7
1.4 4G Mobile Phone 9
1.5 5G Mobile 10
2.1 Functional Architecture for 5G Mobile Networks 12
2.2 Protocol layout for the elements of the Proposed 13
Architecture

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TABLE NAME PAGE
NO. NO
1.1 Table of comparison of 1G to 5G 10
Technology

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC.
5G TECHNOLOGY The present cell phones have it all. Today phones have
everything ranging from the smallest size, largest phone memory, speed dialing,
video player, audio player, and camera and so on. Recently with the development of
Pico nets and Bluetooth technology data sharing has become a child 's play. Earlier
with the infrared feature you can share data within a line of sight that means the two
devices has to be aligned properly to transfer data, but in case of blue tooth you can
transfer data even when you have the cell phone in your pocket up to a range of 50
meters. The creation and entry of 5G technology into the mobile marketplace will
launch a new revolution in the way international cellular plans are offered. The global
mobile phone is upon the cell phone market. Just around the corner, the newest 5G
technologies will hit the mobile market with phones used in China being able to
access and call locally phones in Germany.
Truly innovative technology changing the way mobile phones will be used.
With the emergence of cell phones, which are similar to a PDA, you can now have
your whole office within the phone. Cell phones will give tough competitions to
laptop manufacturers and normal computer designers. Even today there are phones
with gigabytes of memory storage and the latest operating systems. Thus, one can say
that with the current trends, the industry has a real bright future if it can handle the
best technologies and can produce affordable handsets for its customers. Thus, you
will get all your desires unleashed in the near future when these smart phones take
over the market. 5G Network 's router and switch technology deliver Last Yard
Connectivity between the Internet access provider and building occupants. 5G 's
technology intelligently distributes Internet access to individual nodes within the
building.

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1.2 EVOLUTION FROM 0G-5G NETWORKS
Cell phones are used millions and billions of users worldwide. How many of us know
the technology behind cell phones that is used for our communication? I have also
intrigued about the type of technology used in my phone. What are 0G,1G, 2G, 3G
and4Gtechnologies? 0G, 1G, 2G, 3G &4G ("G "stands for "Generation ") are the
generations of wireless telecom connectivity. In 1945, the zero generation (0G) of
mobile telephones was introduced. Mobile Telephone Service, were not officially
categorized as mobile phones, since they did not support the automatic change of
channel frequency during calls.1G (Time Division Multiple Access and Frequency
Division Multiple Access) was the initial wireless telecom network system. It's out-
dated now. The analog “brick phones” and “bag phones” are under 1G technology.
Cell phones era began with 1G.
The next era, 2G has taken its place of 1G. Cell phones received their first
major upgrade when they went from 1G to 2G. This leap effectively took cell phones
from analog to digital. 2G and 2.5G were versions of the GSM and CDMA
connections. And GSM is still the most popular technology, but with no internet.
Fortunately, GPRS, an additional service, is provided over GSM for the purpose of
internet access. GPRS has been developed and thus, EGPRS was created. It's more
secure and faster than GPRS.
Then 3G came, the new Wireless CDMA technology. It is the first wireless
telecom technology that provides broadband-speed internet connection on mobile
phones. It has been specially made for the demand of internet on smart phones.
Further development led to the creation of 3.5G, which provides blazing fast internet
connection on phones, up to the speed of 7.2 MBPS. A smart phone can be connected
to a PC to share its internet connection and 3G and 3.5G are ideal for this. But, as
this WCDMA technology is not available in all regions, its not as popular as GSM
yet. Before making the major leap from 2G to 3G wireless networks, the lesser-
known 2.5G was an interim standard that bridged the gap. Following 2.5G, 3G
ushered in faster data-transmission speeds so you could use your cell phone in more
data-demanding ways. This has meant streaming video (i.e. movie trailers and
television), audio and much more. Cell phone companies today are spending a lot of
money to brand to you the importance of their 3G network. The above systems and
radio interfaces are based on kindred spread spectrum radio transmission technology.

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While the GSM EDGE standard ("2.9G "), DECT cordless phones and Mobile Wi
MAX standards formally also fulfil the IMT-2000 requirements and are approved as
3G standards by ITU, these are typically not branded 3G, and are based on completely
different technologies.
4G, which is also known as “beyond 3G” or “fourth-generation” cell phone
technology, refers to the entirely new evolution. Developers are now going for 4G
(OFDMA), which will provide internet up to the speed of 1 GBPS! It is said to be
able to overcome the problems of weak network strength and should provide a much
wider network, making sure that the users get high-speed connectivity anytime
anywhere. No doubt, 4G will open new doors of revolutionary internet technologies,
but for now, 3G and 3.5G are the best. 4G will allow for speeds of up to 100Mbps.
4G promises voice, data and high-quality multimedia in real-time form all the time
and anywhere.
1.3 0G WIRELESS SYSTEM:-
In 1945, the zero generation (0G) of mobile telephones was introduced.0G mobile
telephones, such as Mobile Telephone Service, were not officially categorized as
mobile phones, since they did not support the automatic change of channel frequency
during calls, which allows the user to move from one cell (the base station coverage
area) to another cell, a feature called "handover ".
Technologies used in 0G systems included PTT (Push to Talk), MTS (Mobile
Telephone System) , IMTS (Improved Mobile Telephone Service),AMTS
(Advanced Mobile Telephone System), OLT (Norwegian for Offentlig Landmobil
Telefoni ,Public Land Mobile Telephony) and MTD (Swedish abbreviation for
Mobile Telephony system D).
These mobile telephones were usually mounted in cars or trucks, though
briefcase models were also made. Typically, the transceiver (transmitter receiver)
was mounted in the vehicle trunk and attached to the "head "(dial, display, and
handset) mounted near the driver seat. They were sold through WCCs (Wireline
Common Carriers, AKA telephone companies), RCCs (Radio Common Carriers),
and two-way radio dealers. The primary users were loggers, construction foremen,
realtors, and celebrities. They used them for basic voice communication.

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1.4 1G WIRELESS SYSTEM :-
First Generation wireless technology (1G) is the original analog (An analog or
analogue signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature (variable)
of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity), voice-only
cellular telephone standard, developed in the 1980s. The main difference between
two succeeding mobile telephone systems, 1G and 2G, is that the radio signals that
1G networks use are analog, while 2G networks are digital. Although both systems
use digital signalling to connect the radio towers (which listen to the handsets) to the
rest of the telephone system, the voice itself during a call is encoded to digital signals
in 2G whereas 1G is only modulated to higher frequency, typically 150 MHz and up.
One such standard is NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone), used in Nordic countries,
Eastern Europe and Russia. Others include AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System)
used in the United States, TACS (Total Access Communications System) in the
United Kingdom, JTAGS in Japan, C-Netz in West Germany, Radiocom 2000 in
France, and RTMI in Italy. Analog cellular service is being phased out in most places
worldwide. 1G technology replaced 0G technology, which featured mobile radio
telephones and such technologies as Mobile Telephone System (MTS), Advanced
Mobile Telephone System (AMTS), Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS),
and Push to Talk (PTT).
Keys:
1. Developed in 1980s and completed in early 1990’s.
2. 1G was old analog system and supported the 1st generation of analog cell
phones speed up to 2.4kbps
3. Advance mobile phone system (AMPS) was first launched by the US and
is a 1G mobile system
4. Allows users to make voice calls in 1 country

fig1.1, 1G Mobile Phone

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1.5 2G WIRELESS SYSTEM :-
2G (or 2-G) is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology. Second
generation 2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on the GSM
standard in Finland by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Oyj) in 1991. 2G network allows
for much greater penetration intensity. 2G technologies enabled the various mobile
phone networks to provide the services such as text messages, picture messages and
MMS (multi media messages). 2G technology is more efficient. 2G technology holds
sufficient security for both the sender and the receiver. All text messages are digitally
encrypted. This digital encryption allows for the transfer of data in such a way that
only the intended receiver can receive and read it. Second generation technologies
are either time division multiple access (TDMA) or code division multiple access
(CDMA). TDMA allows for the division of signal into time slots. CDMA allocates
each user a special code to communicate over a multiplex physical channel. Different
TDMA technologies are GSM, PDC, iDEN, IS-136. CDMA technology is IS- 95.
GSM has its origin from the Group special Mobile, in Europe. GSM (Global system
for mobile communication) is the most admired standard of all the mobile
technologies. Although this technology originates from the Europe, but now it is used
in more than 212 countries in the world. GSM technology was the first one to help
establish international roaming. This enabled the mobile subscribers to use their
mobile phone connections in many different countries of the world’s is based on
digital signals ,unlike 1G technologies which were used to transfer analogue signals.
GSM has enabled the users to make use of the short message services (SMS) to any
mobile network at any time. SMS is a cheap and easy way to send a message to
anyone, other than the voice call or conference. This technology is beneficial to both
the network operators and the ultimate users at the same time. In comparison to 1G
's analog signals, 2G 's digital signals are very reliant on location and proximity. If a
2G handset made a call far away from a cell tower, the digital signal may not be
enough to reach it. While a call made from a 1G handset had generally poor quality
than that of a 2G handset, it survived longer distances. This is due to the analog signal
having a smooth curve compared to the digital signal, which had a jagged, angular
curve. As conditions worsen, the quality of a call made from a 1G handset would
gradually worsen, but a call made from a 2G handset would fail completely.

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Keys:
1. Fielded in the late 1980s and finished in the late 1990s
2. Planned for voice transmission with digital signal and the speeds up to 64kbps
3. 2G was the digital handsets that we are used today
4. 2G network allows for much greater penetration intensity.

fig1.2, 2G Mobile Phone

1.6 3G WIRELESS SYSTEM: -
International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT--2000), better known as 3G or
3rd Generation, is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile
telecommunications services fulfilling specifications by the International
Telecommunication Union. The use of 3G technology is also able to transmit packet
switch data efficiently at better and increased bandwidth. 3G mobile technologies
proffers more advanced services to mobile users. The spectral efficiency of 3G
technology is better than 2G technologies. Spectral efficiency is the measurement of
rate of information transfer over any communication system. 3G is also known as
IMT-2000.
1. Transmission speeds from 125kbps to 2Mbps.
2. In 2005, 3G is ready to live up to its performance in computer networking
(WCDMA, WLAN and Bluetooth) and mobile devices area (cell phone and GPS)
3. Data are sent through technology called packet switching
4. Voice calls are interpreted using circuit switching
5. Access to Global Roaming
6. Clarity in voice calls

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7. Fast Communication, Internet, Mobile T.V, Video Conferencing, Video Calls,
Multi Media Messaging Service (MMS), 3D gaming, Multi-Gaming etc are also
available with 3G phones

fig1.3, 3G Mobile Phone

1.7 4G WIRELESS SYSTEM: -
4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to
3G and 2G families of standards. The nomenclature of the generations generally
refers to a change in the fundamental nature of the service, non-backwards
compatible transmission technology, and new frequency bands.3G technologies
make use of TDMA and CDMA. 3G (Third Generation Technology) technologies
make use of value-added services like mobile television, GPS (global positioning
system) and video conferencing. The basic feature of 3G Technology (Third
Generation Technology) is fast data transfer rates. However, this feature is not
currently working properly because, ITU 200 is still making decision to fix the data
rates. It is expected that 2mbit/sec for stationary users, while 348kbits when moving
or travelling. ITU sell various frequency rates in order to make use of broadband
technologies. Network authentication has won the trust of users, because the user can
rely on its network as a reliable source of transferring data.3G technology is much
flexible, because it is able to support the 5 major radio technologies. These radio
technologies operate under CDMA, TDMA and FDMA.CDMA holds for IMT-DS

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(direct spread), IMT-MC (multi carrier). TDMA accounts for IMT-TC (time code),
IMT-SC (single carrier). FDMA has only one radio interface known as IMT-FC or
frequency code. Third generation technology is really affordable due to the
agreement of industry. This agreement took place in order to increase its adoption by
the users. 3G (Third Generation Technology) system is compatible to work with the
2G technologies. 3G (Third Generation Technology) technologies holds the vision
that they should be expandable on demand. The aim of the 3G (Third Generation
Technology) is to allow for more coverage and growth with minimum investment.
The bandwidth and location information available to 3G devices gives rise to
applications not previously available to mobile phone users. Some of the applications
are:
1. Mobile TV – a provider redirects a TV channel directly to the subscriber 's phone
where it can be watched.
2. Video on demand – a provider sends a movie to the subscriber 's phone.
3. Video conferencing – subscribers can see as well as talk to each other.
4. Tele-medicine – a medical provider monitors or provides advice to the potentially
isolated subscriber.
5. Location-based services – a provider sends localized weather or traffic conditions
to the phone, or the phone allows the subscriber to find nearby businesses or friends
6. mobile ultra-broadband (gigabit speed) access and multi-carrier transmission.
7. Mobile WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)
Keys:
1. 4G is a conceptual framework and a discussion point to address future needs of a
high-speed wireless network
2. It offer both cellular and broadband multimedia services everywhere
3. Expected to emerged around 2010 – 2015
4. 4G should be able to provided very smooth global roaming ubiquitously with lower
cost

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 fig1.4, 4G Mobile Phone

1.8 THE 5G TECHNOLOGY: -

5G Technology stands for 5th Generation Mobile technology. 5G technology has
changed the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth. User never
experienced ever before such a high value technology. The 5G technologies include
all type of advanced features which makes 5G technology most powerful and in huge
demand in near future. The gigantic array of innovative technology being built into
new cell phones is stunning. 5G technologies which are on hand held phone offering
more power and features than at least 1000 lunar modules. A user can also hook their
5G technology cell phone with their laptop to get broadband internet access. 5G
technology including camera, MP3 recording, video player, large phone memory,
dialling speed, audio player and much more you never imagine. For children rocking
fun Bluetooth technology and Pico nets has become in market.
WHAT 5G TECHNOLOGY OFFERS: -
5G technology going to be a new mobile revolution in mobile market . Through 5G
technology now you can use worldwide cellular phones and this technology also
strike the china mobile market and a user being proficient to get access to Germany
phone as a local phone. With the coming out of cell phone alike to PDA now your
whole office in your finger tips or in your phone. 5G technology has extraordinary
data capabilities and has ability to tie together unrestricted call volumes and infinite
data broadcast within latest mobile operating system. 5G technology has a bright
future because it can handle best technologies and offer priceless handset to their
customers. May be in coming days 5G technology takes over the world market. 5G

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Technologies have an extraordinary capability to support Software and Consultancy.
The Router and switch technology used in 5G network providing high connectivity.
The 5G technology distributes internet access to nodes within the building and can
be deployed with union of wired or wireless network connections. The current trend
of 5G technology has a glowing future.

fig1.5, 5G Mobile
1.9 Comparison of 1G-5G Technology:-

Table of comparison of 1G to 5G Technology

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Symbols: -
WWWW: A World Wide Wireless Web is capable of supporting a comprehensive
wireless-based Web application that includes full graphics and multimedia capability
at beyond 4G speeds.
WDM: Wavelength Division Multiplexing allows many independent signals to be
transmitted simultaneously on one fiber with each signal located at a different
wavelength. Routing and detection of these signals require devices that are
wavelength selective, allowing for the transmission, recovery, or routing of specific
wavelengths in photonic networks.
WCDMA: Wideband CDMA is a technology for wideband digital radio
communications of multimedia and other capacity demanding applications. It is
adopted by ITU under the name IMT-2000 direct spread.
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network is a regular voice telephone network.
Spread Spectrum: It is a form of wireless communication in which the frequency
of the transmitted signal is deliberately varied over a wide range. This results in a
higher bandwidth of the signal than the one without varied frequency.
TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access is a technology for sharing a medium by
several users by dividing into different time slots transmitting at the same frequency.
UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System is the third generation
mobile telephone standard in Europe that was proposed by ETSI.
WAP: Wireless Application Protocol defines the use of TCP/IP and Web browsing
for mobile systems. FHSS: In Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum, a broad slice of
bandwidth spectrum is divided into many possible broadcast frequencies to be used
by the transmitted signal.
CDMA-2000: Sometimes also known as IS-136 and IMT-CDMA multicarrier
(1X/3X) is an evolution of narrowband radio transmission technology known as
CDMA-ONE (also called CDMA or IS-95) to third generation. 1X refers to the use
of 1.25 Mhz channel while 3X refers to 5 Mhz channel.
DAWN: Advanced technologies including smart antenna and flexible modulation
are keys to optimize this wireless version of reconfigurable ad hoc networks.
DSSS: In Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, the data stream to be transmitted is
divided into small pieces, each of which is allocated a frequency channel. Then the
data signal is combined with a higher data rate bit sequence known as “chipping

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code” that divides the data according to a spreading ratio, thus allowing a resistance
from interference during transmission
2 FUNDAMETALS RELATED TO THE TOPIC:-
2.1 5G MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE: -
Below figure shows the system model that proposes design of network architecture
for 5G mobile systems, which is all-IP based model for wireless and mobile networks
interoperability. The system consists of a user terminal (which has a crucial role in
the new architecture) and a number of independent, autonomous radio access
technologies. Within each of the terminals, each of the radio access technologies is
seen as the IP link to the outside Internet world. However, there should be different
radio interface for each Radio Access Technology (RAT) in the mobile terminal. For
an example, if we want to have access to four different RATs, we need to have four
different access - specific interfaces in the mobile terminal, and to have all of them
active at the same time, with aim to have this architecture to be functional.
applications and servers somewhere on the Internet. Routing of packets should be
carried out in accordance with established policies of the user. 5G Mobile Network
Architecture

Fig 2.1, Functional Architecture for 5G Mobile Networks

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 Fig 2.2, Protocol Layout for the Elements of the Proposed Architecture
Application connections are realized between clients and servers in the Internet via
sockets. Internet sockets are endpoints for data communication flows. Each socket of
the web is a unified and unique combination of local IP address and appropriate local
transport communications port, target IP address and target appropriate
communication port, and type of transport protocol. Considering that, the
establishment of communication from end to end between the client and server using
the Internet protocol is necessary to raise the appropriate Internet socket uniquely
determined by the application of the client and the server. This means that in case of
interoperability between heterogeneous networks and for the vertical handover
between the respective radio technologies, the local IP address and destination IP
address should be fixed and unchanged. Fixing of these two parameters should ensure
handover transparency to the Internet connection end-to- end, when there is a mobile
user at least on one end of such connection. In order to preserve the proper layout of

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the packets and to reduce or prevent packets losses, routing to the target destination
and vice versa should be uniquely and using the same path. Each radio access
technology that is available to the user in achieving connectivity with the relevant
radio access is presented with appropriate IP interface. Each IP interface in the
terminal is characterized by its IP address and netmask and parameters associated
with the routing of IP packets across the network. In regular inter-system handover,
the change of access technology (i.e., vertical handover) would mean changing the
local IP address. Then, change of any of the parameters of the socket means and
change of the socket, that is, closing the socket and opening a new one. This means,
ending the connection and starting e new one. This approach is not- flexible, and it
is based on today’s Internet communication. In order to solve this deficiency, we
propose a new level that will take care of the abstraction levels of network access
technologies to higher layers of the protocol stack. This layer is crucial in the new
architecture. To enable the functions of the applied transparency and control or direct
routing of packets through the most appropriate radio access technology, in the
proposed architecture we introduce a control system in the functional architecture of
the networks, which works in complete coordination with the user terminal and
provides a network abstraction functions and routing of packets based on defined
policies. At the same time this control system is an essential element through which
it can determine the quality of service for each transmission technology. He is on the
Internet side of the proposed architecture, and as such represents an ideal system to
test the qualitative characteristics of the access technologies, as well as to obtain a
realistic picture regarding the quality that can be expected from applications of the
user towards a given server in Internet (or peer). Protocol setup of the new levels
within the existing protocol stack, which form the proposed architecture, is presented
in Figure (Protocol Layout for the Elements of the Proposed Architecture). The
network abstraction level would be provided by creating IP tunnels over IP interfaces
obtained by connection to the terminal via the access technologies available to the
terminal (i.e., mobile user). In fact, the tunnels would be established between the user
terminal and control system named here as Policy Router, which performs routing
based on given policies. In this way the client side will create an appropriate number
of tunnels connected to the number of radio access technologies, and the client will
only set a local IP address which will be formed with sockets Internet communication

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of client applications with Internet servers. The way IP packets are routed through
tunnels, or choosing the right tunnel, would be served by policies whose rules will
be exchanged via the virtual network layer protocol. This way we achieve the
required abstraction of the network to the client applications at the mobile terminal.
The process of establishing a tunnel to the Policy Router, for routing based on the
policies, are carried out immediately after the establishment of IP connectivity across
the radio access technology, and it is initiated from the mobile terminal Virtual
Network- level Protocol. Establishing tunnel connections as well as maintaining them
represents basic functionality of the virtual network level (or network level of
abstraction).

2.2 KEY CONCEPTS OF 5G: -

• Real wireless world with no more limitation with access and zone issues.
• Wearable devices with AI capabilities.
• Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6), where a visiting care-of mobile IP address is
assigned according to location and connected network.
• One unified global standard.
• Pervasive networks providing ubiquitous computing: The user can
simultaneously be connected to several wireless access technologies and
seamlessly move between them (See Media independent handover or vertical
handover, IEEE 802.21, also expected to be provided by future 4G releases).
These access technologies can be a 2.5G, 3G, 4G or 5G mobile networks, Wi-Fi,
WPAN or any other future access technology. In 5G, the concept may be further
developed into multiple concurrent data transfer paths.
• Cognitive radio technology, also known as smart-radio: allowing Different radio
technologies to share the same spectrum efficiently by Adaptively finding unused
spectrum and adapting the transmission scheme to the requirements of the
technologies currently sharing the spectrum. This dynamic radio resource
management is achieved in a distributed fashion, and relies on software defined
radio.
• High altitude stratospheric platform station (HAPS) systems. The radio interface
of 5G communication systems is suggested in a Korean research and

15
 development program to be based on beam division multiple access (BDMA) and
group cooperative relay techniques.
2.3 Features of 5G Technology: -
• 5G technology offer high resolution for crazy cell phone user and bi-directional
large bandwidth shaping.
• The advanced billing interfaces of 5G technology makes it more attractive and
effective.
• 5G technology also providing subscriber supervision tools for fast action.
• The high-quality services of 5G technology based on Policy to avoid error.
• 5G technology is providing large broadcasting of data in Gigabit which
supporting almost 65,000 connections.
• 5G technology offer transporter class gateway with unparalleled consistency.
• The traffic statistics by 5G technology makes it more accurate.
• Through remote management offered by 5G technology a user can get better and
fast solution.
• The remote diagnostics also a great feature of 5G technology.
• The 5G technology is providing up to 25 Mbps connectivity speed.
• The 5G technology also support virtual private network.
• The new 5G technology will take all delivery service out of business prospect
• The uploading and downloading speed of 5G technology touching the peak. The
5G technology network offering enhanced and available connectivity just about
the world
2.4 Conclusion: -
• A new revolution of 5G technology is going to give tough completion to normal
computer and laptops whose marketplace value will be effected.
• The new coming 5G technology is available in the market in affordable rates,
high peak future and much reliability than its preceding technologies.
• This technology helps to promotes stronger links between people working in
different fields creating future concepts of mobile communication, internet
services, cloud computing, all pie network, and nanotechnology.

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2.5 5G TECHNOLOGY REFERENCES: -
1.Toni Janevski, 5G Mobile Phone Concept, Consumer Communications and
Networking Conference, 2009 6th IEEE.
2. Aleksandar Tudzarov and Toni Janevski Functional Architecture for 5g Mobile
Network International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 32, July,
2011
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5g

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