BADMINTON such as steel, but wooden racquets are no longer

manufactured for the ordinary market, because of

- is a racquet sport played by either two opposing their excessive mass and cost. Nowadays,
players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), nanomaterials such as fullerene and carbon
players/who take positions on opposite halves of a nanotubes are added to rackets giving them greater
rectangular court that is divided by a net. Players durability.
score points by striking a shuttlecock with their
racquet so that it passes over the net and lands in 2. Shuttlecock
their opponents' half of the court. The shuttlecock (or shuttle) is a feathered projectile
HISTORY OF BADMINTON whose unique aerodynamic properties cause it to fly
differently than the balls used in most racquet sports;
 Badminton dates back to ancient Greece and in particular, the feathers create much higher drag,
Egypt. causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly
 In Japan, the related game Hanetsuki was than a ball. Shuttlecocks have a much higher top
played as early as the 16th century. speed, when compared to other racquet sports. A
 In the west, badminton came from a game called shuttlecock (often abbreviated to shuttle; also called
battledore and shuttlecock, in which two or more a birdie) is a high-drag projectile, with an open
players keep a feathered shuttlecock in the air conical shape: the cone is formed from sixteen
with small racquets. overlapping feathers embedded into a rounded cork
 The game was called "Poona" in India during the base. The cork is covered with thin leather or
18th century. synthetic material. Synthetic shuttles are often used
 The new sport was definitively launched in 1873 by recreational players to reduce their costs as
at the Badminton House, Gloucestershire. feathered shuttles break easily. These nylon shuttles
 The game was referred to as "The Game of may be constructed with either natural cork or
Badminton," and the game's official name synthetic foam base, and a plastic skirt.
became Badminton. 3. Shoes
 The Badminton World Federation (BWF) was
established in 1934 with Canada, Denmark, Badminton shoes are lightweight with soles of rubber
England, France, the Netherlands, Ireland, New or similar high-grip, non-marking materials.
Zealand, Scotland, and Wales as its founding Compared to running shoes, badminton shoes have
members. India joined as an affiliate in 1936. little lateral support. High levels of lateral support are
useful for activities where lateral motion is
Badminton is a physically demanding sport, undesirable and unexpected. Badminton, however,
requiring: requires powerful lateral movements. A highly built-
up lateral support will not be able to protect the foot
1. strength
in badminton; instead, it will encourage catastrophic
2. endurance
collapse at the point where the shoe's support fails,
3. muscular power
and the player's ankles are not ready for the sudden
4. agility
loading, which can cause sprains.
5. speed endurance
6. anaerobic power Basic Terms
7. capacity to rapidly accelerate and decelerate
1. Alley
Equipment  An extension of the width of the court by 1'6" on
both sides
1. Racquets
 Used in doubles.
Badminton racquets are lightweight, with top quality 2. Back alley
racquets weighing between 70 and 95 grams (2.4 to  Between the doubles back service line and the
3.3 ounces) not including grip or strings.They are singles back service line.
composed of many different materials ranging from 3. Baseline
carbon fibre composite (graphite reinforced plastic)  Another name for the back boundary line.
to solid steel, which may be augmented by a variety 4. Bird
of materials. Carbon fibre has an excellent strength  Officially known as shuttlecock. Referred to as
to weight ratio, is stiff, and gives excellent kinetic shuttle.
energy transfer. Before the adoption of carbon fibre 5. Carry
composite, racquets were made of light metals such  Holding the shuttle on the racket during a stroke.
as aluminium. Earlier still, racquets were made of Also called a "sling" or a "throw".
wood. Cheap racquets are still often made of metals  This is illegal.
6. Center or basic position but both are of same length. The exception,
 Position in which a player stands in relation to which often causes confusion to newer players, is
the court, net, opponent, and shuttle. that the doubles court has a shorter serve-length
7. Clear dimension. The full width of the court is 6.1
 High, deep shot to the back boundary line. metres (20 ft), and in singles this width is reduced
8. Double hit to 5.18 metres (17 ft). The full length of the court
 hitting the shuttle twice in the same stroke is 13.4 metres (44 ft). The service courts are
 This is illegal. marked by a centre line dividing the width of the
9. Doubles court, by a short service line at a distance of 1.98
 Game of four players, two on each team. metres (6 ft 6 inch) from the net, and by the outer
10. Drive side and back boundaries. In doubles, the service
 A hard-hit horizontal flight over the net. court is also marked by a long service line, which
11. 11.Drop shot is 0.76 metres (2 ft 6 inch) from the back
boundary. The net is 1.55 metres (5 ft 1 inch)
 A stroke hit with very little speed that falls very
high at the edges and 1.524 metres (5 ft) high in
close to the net on the opponent's side.
the centre. The net posts are placed over the
12. Fault
doubles sidelines, even when singles is played.
 any violation of the rules.
 Scoring system and services
13. Game
- Basic
 A game consists of 21 points.
o Each game is played to 21 points, with players
14. Home position
scoring a point whenever they win a rally
 Ideal court spot for awaiting the opponent's
regardless of whether they served (this differs from
return.
the old system where players could only win a
15. 15."In" side
point on their serve and each game was played to
 Side having the right to serve. 15 points). A match is the best of three games. At
16. Inning the start of the rally, the server and receiver stand
 Term of service. in diagonally opposite service courts (see court
17. Let dimensions). The server hits the shuttlecock so
 Play that is allowed to be re-played. that it would land in the receiver's service court.
18. Lob This is similar to tennis, except that a badminton
 Also called a clear, high clear, or a driven clear serve must be hit below waist height and with the
that goes over the opponent's head. racquet shaft pointing downwards, the shuttlecock
19. Love is not allowed to bounce and in badminton, the
 No score, the score at the beginning of the game players stand inside their service courts unlike
and after "setting" the score. tennis. When the serving side loses a rally, the
20. Match serve immediately passes to their opponent(s) (this
 Best two out of three games. differs from the old system where sometimes the
21. Mixed doubles serve passes to the doubles partner for what is
 Games played with partners of the opposite sex. known as a "second serve").
22. Serve or service - Details
 act of putting the shuttle into play. o When the server serves, the shuttlecock must pass
23. Set up over the short service line on the opponents' court
 poor shot which makes a "kill" easy. or it will count as a fault. If the score reaches 20-all,
24. Singles then the game continues until one side gains a two
 game involving two players, on each side of the point lead (such as 24-22), up to a maximum of 30
court. points (30-29 is a winning score). At the start of a
25. Smash match, the shuttlecock is cast and the side towards
 hard-hit overhead shot which forces the shuttle which the shuttlecock is pointing serves first.
sharply downward. The main attacking stroke. Alternatively, a coin may be tossed, with the
winners choosing whether to serve or receive first,
RULES or choosing which end of the court to occupy, and
their opponents making the leftover the remaining
 Playing court dimensions
choice. In subsequent games, the winners of the
- The court is rectangular and divided into halves
previous game serve first. Matches are best out of
by a net. Courts are usually marked for both
three: a player or pair must win two games (of 21
singles and doubles play, although badminton
points each) to win the match. For the first rally of
rules permit a court to be marked for singles only.
any doubles game, the serving pair may decide
The doubles court is wider than the singles court,
 who serves and the receiving pair may decide who Techniques – Drive
receives. The players change ends at the start of
the second game; if the match reaches a third A drive is a return shot that is executed closer to the net,
game, they change ends both at the start of the anywhere from the half-court line on one side to the half-
game and when the leading player's or pair's score court line on the other.
reaches 11 points. Techniques – Service
- Lets
o If a let is called, the rally is stopped and replayed Forehand service
with no change to the score. Lets may occur
because of some unexpected disturbance such as
a shuttlecock landing on court (having been hit Backhand service
there by players on an adjacent court) or in small
halls the shuttle may touch an overhead rail which
can be classed as a let. If the receiver is not ready
Score Systems
when the service is delivered, a let shall be called;
yet, if the receiver attempts to return the a) A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21 points.
shuttlecock, he shall be judged to have been ready. b) At 20 all, the side which gains a 2 point lead first,
wins that game.
Individual Technique
c) At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that
How to hold the racket? game.

Common Faults in Badminton

How to hold the shuttlecock to serve? 1. Striking the Shuttle Too High During Service
2. Double Hits
3. Hitting the Shuttle Before it Crosses the Net
4. Racket Pointing Up During Service
1) Legs beside the racket lightly ahead.
5. Touching the Net
2) Make feet the width of the shoulders.
6. Moving Before the Service
3) Weight of the body equally distributed by the two
7. Carrying the Shuttle
feet.
8. Touching the Shuttle with Your Body
4) Knees slightly bent.
9. Hitting the Shuttle's Feathers First During Service
5) Arms semi-bent.
10. Multiple Service Motions
6) Racket at the level of the chest appearing to the
front. Service – Faults
Techniques - Forehand grip / backhand grip (The whole of the head of the racket is not discernibly
below the whole of the server's hand holding the racket)
- Signs of Arbitration
Techniques – Lob Shuttlecock out
Underarm shot where the shuttle is lifted or returned Shuttlecock inside
over your opponent to land as close to the baseline as
possible. Movement discontinues of the racket in the execution of
the service
Techniques - Clear Shots
Play out of the base of the shuttlecock in the execution
Other term for lob shot. Underarm shot where the shuttle of the service
is lifted or returned over your opponent to land as close
to the baseline as possible. Execution of the service in lack of touch with the
shuttlecock above the waist
Techniques – Smash
Contact with the feet out of the service area or absence
REMATE (Smash) - The smash is an aggressive of the static position for the server
overhead stroke, which if used at the right moment,
instantly weakens an opponent’s. Strategies

Techniques - Net Drop 1. Doubles

- Both pairs will try to gain and maintain the attack,
These are the blows played close and very close the net. hitting downwards as much as possible.
 - Whenever possible, a pair will adopt an ideal conditioning. During a professional match the
attacking formation with one player hitting down shuttlecock can reach the speed of ± 260km/h!
from the rear-court, and his partner in the midcourt
intercepting all smash returns except the lift. Tennis vs. Badminton
2. Singles The statistics don't lie, see this comparison among a
- The singles court is narrower than the doubles tennis game (Boris Becker vs. Kevin Curren for All
court, but the same length. England Championship) and a badminton game
- Since one person needs to cover the entire court, (Han Jian vs Morten Frost for the World Badminton
singles tactics are based on forcing the opponent Championship):
to move as much as possible; this means that
singles strokes are normally directed to the corner
of the court.
Note: That the badminton players compete only half
3. Mixed doubles
of the tennis players' time and even so, they run
- In mixed doubles, both pairs try to maintain an
twice as much and they almost hit the double as
attacking formation with the woman at the front and
many of times!
the man at the back.
- This is because the male players are substantially
stronger and can therefore produce more powerful
smashes.

Players

There are tournaments of:

Singles: Feminine or Masculine

Doubles: Feminine or Masculine

Doubles Mix: Feminine and Masculine

Umpire

• Counts the points

• Confirms the plays
• Decides launches then dúblios

Curiosities of Badminton

 Better
- The best countries in the world in badminton are
Indonesia and China, the two together
conquered 70% of all of the events of IBF.
- Other dominant countries in this sport are:
Malaysia, Korea and Denmark.
 Bruises
- In spite of being an inoffensive sport, badminton
when played by professionals, it can, due to
speed of the shuttlecock, offer some danger for
the players' eyes. It is advisable to professionals
to use protective glasses.
 Popularity
- The popularity of badminton was proven during
the premiere as an Olympic sport in Barcelona in
1992. Around 1.1 billion people watched the
competitions on television.
- Now, more than 130 countries are members of
the International Federation of Badminton.
 Speed
- Badminton is the fastest racket sport of the world
demanding fast reflexes and great physical