WSTDA-T-1

©2022 WEB SLING & TIE DOWN ASSOCIATION, INC.

© Web Sling & Tie Down Association. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be produced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the Web Sling & Tie Down Association. This publication is circulated subject to the
condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, sold, hired out or otherwise circulated without WSTDA's
prior consent.
 FOREWORD
This Recommended Standard Specification applies to synthetic web tie downs made of nylon or polyester fibers
used for securing cargo. It recommends construction, identification and marking of synthetic web tie downs. In
addition, it provides synthetic web tie down capacity information and important practical advice on the
selection, use, maintenance and inspection of synthetic web tie downs.

The exclusion from this Recommended Standard Specification of synthetic web tie downs of different materials
and capacities is not intended to preclude their use and shall not be interpreted in this manner.

Synthetic web tie downs made from materials or construction other than those detailed in this Recommended
Standard Specification shall be used in accordance with the recommendations of the tie down manufacturer or
qualified person. The specifications contained in this Recommended Standard Specification for Synthetic Web
Tie Downs were formulated under the auspices of the Web Sling & Tie Down Association, Inc. This
Recommended Standard Specification is intended to assist users in selecting the proper synthetic web tie down
for their particular needs; to guide synthetic web tie down manufacturers in the design, construction and testing
of synthetic web tie downs; and to serve as a guide to industry, governmental and other bodies responsible for
the proper use and inspection of synthetic web tie downs. The responsibility for training and use shall be by
qualified persons designated by the employer. For information not contained in this Recommended Standard
Specification, consult the synthetic web tie down manufacturer.

Safety is the paramount consideration involved in the use of any synthetic web tie down. The appropriate
synthetic web tie down shall be selected for their specific use. Users of synthetic web tie downs shall have
knowledge and training on the proper method of cargo securement. Also, users shall be knowledgeable about
industry, local, state, federal and provincial regulations applicable to cargo securement. Figures shown in this
standard are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to represent usage, design or manufacturing
processes.

MANDATORY AND ADVISORY RULES

Mandatory rules of this standard are characterized by the word “shall.” If a rule is of the
advisory nature, it is indicated by the word “should” or is stated as a recommendation.

WEB SLING & TIE DOWN ASSOCIATION, INC. First Published and Copyright 1991
2331 Rock Spring Road First Revision 1998
Forest Hill, MD 21050 Second Revision 2005
Phone: (443) 640-1070 Third Revision 2015
Fax: (443) 640-1031 Fourth Revision 2022
Email: [email protected] 1
Website: www.wstda.com
 Contents

Chapter 1.0 TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS

Section 1.1 Purpose………………………………………………………………………………... 1
Section 1.2 Description................................................................................ 1
Section 1.3 Basic Types................................................................................ 1
Section 1.4 Definition of Terms................................................................... 1-4

Chapter 2.0 CONSTRUCTION OF SYNTHETIC WEB TIE DOWNS

Section 2.1 Purpose………………………………………………………………………………... 5
Section 2.2 Webbing…................................................................................. 5
Section 2.3 Thread……................................................................................. 6
Section 2.4 Stitching………………................................................................... 6
Section 2.5 Hardware…………………………………………………………………………….. 6
Section 2.6 Coatings………………………………………………………………………………. 6
Section 2.7 Design Factor………………………………………………………………………. 7
Section 2.8 Identification/Marking Requirements…………………………………. 7
Section 2.9 Working Load Limit…………………………………………………………….. 8

Chapter 3.0 STANDARD PROCEDURES FOR TESTING SYNTHETIC WEB TIE DOWNS
Section 3.1 Purpose………………………………………………………………………………... 8
Section 3.2 Types of Tests........................................................................... 8
Section 3.3 Test Characteristics................................................................... 8-9
Section 3.4 Proof Test Requirements........................................................... 9
Section 3.5 Procedures for Sample Destructive Pull Testing…………………….. 9

Chapter 4.0 RECOMMENDED OPERATING PRACTICES

Section 4.1 Purpose………………………………………………………………………………... 10
Section 4.2 Training Requirements............................................................. 10
Section 4.3 Proper Selection....................................................................... 10-11
Section 4.4 Tie Down Inspections............................................................... 11-13
Section 4.5 Securement Planning Considerations…………………………………... 14-15
Section 4.6 Other Considerations……………………………………………………………. 15
Section 4.7 Environmental Considerations……………………………………………… 16-17
Section 4.8 Repairs…………………………………………………………………………………. 17-18

APPENDIX
Examples of WSTDA Warning Tag & Safety Bulletin…………….. 19-20
Additional Resources…………………………………………………………… 20-22
 CHAPTER 1.0
TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS

SECTION 1.1 PURPOSE

1.1.1 This chapter provides a description of synthetic web tie downs and definitions that apply to such
tie downs.

SECTION 1.2 DESCRIPTION

1.2.1 A synthetic web tie down is fabricated of polyester or nylon yarn, woven, and with or without
hardware, for the purpose of securing cargo.

SECTION 1.3 BASIC TYPES

1.3.1 Winch Strap

Figure 1-1

1.3.2 Ratchet Strap

Figure 1-2

1.3.3 Logistic Strap

Figure 1-3

SECTION 1.4 DEFINITION OF TERMS

ABRASION
The mechanical wearing or scuffing of a surface resulting from frictional movement between materials or
objects.

AGGREGATE WORKING LOAD LIMIT

The summation of the working load limit (WLL) of all devices used to secure an article of cargo in or
on a vehicle.

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ANCHOR POINT
A device or structure that should have an identifiable, rated working load limit durably marked and
attached to a vehicle's sidewall, front-end or floor structure, used to secure the end fitting of a tie down
to secure cargo. (See Figure 1-4)

Figure 1-4
BREAKING STRENGTH
The load in pounds or kilograms of force at which any load bearing component fails.

COATING
A finish applied to webbing and hardware, to resist liquids, abrasion, environmental deterioration, etc.

DESIGN FACTOR
The ratio of the breaking strength to the working load limit (WLL). For example, for each new
synthetic web tie down, the design factor is 3:1, meaning that the working load limit (WLL) is 1/3 of
the minimum breaking strength (MBS).

DIRECT TIE DOWN

A tie down that goes from an anchor point on the vehicle to an attachment point on an article of cargo.

ELONGATION
The measurement of stretch, at a given load, expressed as a percentage of the original unloaded
length. All materials subject to tension will stretch and different materials have different rates of
stretch at the same tensile load.

FIBER
A synthetic filament capable of being spun into yarn.

FITTING
A load-bearing device that is attached to the synthetic web tie downs. (See Figure 1-5)

Figure 1-5

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INDIRECT TIE DOWN
A tie down that goes from an anchor point on the vehicle, through, over or around the cargo and then
attaches to another anchor point on the opposite side of the vehicle, creating downward force that
increases the coefficient of friction.

LENGTH
The distance between the extreme end bearing points of the tie-down, including the fittings.

MANDREL
The component of a winch and ratchet into which the webbing is inserted for tensioning the web tie
down. (See Figure 1-6)

Figure 1-6

Mandrel

PROOF LOAD TEST

A non-destructive load test of the synthetic web tie down to a multiple of one and one half (1.5) times
the working load limit (WLL) of that synthetic web tie down including hardware if applicable.

PROTECTION
Material of sufficient strength, thickness and construction used to protect the tie down from being
damaged by abrasion or cutting. Some forms of protection will not prevent cutting and provide
abrasion protection only.

QUALIFIED PERSON
A person who by possession of a recognized degree, certificate of professional standing or by
extensive knowledge, training and experience has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or
resolve problems related to the subject matter and work.

SYNTHETIC WEBBING
A fabric, woven of high tenacity synthetic yarns offering suitable characteristics for use in the
manufacture of synthetic web tie downs. See Recommended Standard Specification for Synthetic
Webbing used for Tie Downs - WSDTA-T-4.

TENSIONING DEVICE
The mechanical component of a tie down that applies tension and maintains force by incrementally
adjusting the webbing. Winches, Ratchets (illustrated), and Over Center Buckles are commonly used.
(See Figure 1-7)

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 Figure 1-7

Mandrel

THREAD
The synthetic yarn used to sew the web tie-down together.

TIE DOWN
An assembly fabricated of synthetic webbing, with or without hardware, for the purpose of securing
cargo, e.g., ratchet strap, winch strap, or webbing in a winch-to-winch configuration.
(See Figure 1-8)

Figure 1-8

VEHICLE
Any conveyance for carrying goods or equipment.

WEBBING
A fabric, woven of high tenacity yarns offering suitable characteristics for use in the manufacture of
synthetic web tie downs. Reference the WSTDA Recommended Standard Specification for Webbing
used for Tie Downs (WSDTA-T-4).

WINCH
A mechanical tensioner mounted to a vehicle by welding, bolting or a track system. Reference
the WSTDA Recommended Standard Specifications for Winches Used With Web Tie Downs
(WSTDA-T-3).

WORKING LOAD LIMIT

Maximum allowable load assigned by the manufacturer to each securement device not to exceed the design
factor determined by industry standards.

YARN
The synthetic fibers used to make the webbing and thread.

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 CHAPTER 2.0
CONSTRUCTION OF NYLON OR POLYESTER SYNTHETIC WEB TIE DOWNS
SECTION 2.1 PURPOSE
2.1.1 This chapter provides an outline of materials and construction characteristics of web tie downs.

SECTION 2.2 WEBBING

2.2.1 Webbing shall conform to the WSTDA Recommended Standard Specification for Webbing Used For
Tie Downs (WSTDA-T-4).

2.2.2 The webbing shall be certifiable to tensile strength, have uniform thickness and width and have a
uniformed edge or selvedge.

2.2.3 Webbing shall be woven from a yarn that is heat and UV-resistant.

2.2.4 Nylon webbing is used in many applications where shock absorption properties are important
because nylon webbing has higher elongation than polyester webbing of the same construction and
strength. Nylon webbing has better natural abrasion resistance properties than polyester webbing,
although some over coatings allow approximately equal performance of both types. Nylon is generally
more resistant to most alkalis than polyester.

2.2.5 Polyester webbing is typically used in systems where low elongation and low creep are desirable.
Polyester’s higher density allows thinner webbing than nylon (at equal strength). Polyester webbing
has better natural resistance to moisture than nylon, although some over coatings allow
approximately equal performance of both types. Polyester is generally more resistant to acids than
nylon.

2.2.6 All webbing ends shall be sealed by heat or other suitable means to prevent raveling.

2.2.7 Synthetic webbing may be coated with compatible materials that will impart desirable characteristics,
such as:

a. Abrasion resistance

b. Moisture resistance

c. Sealing to prevent penetration of foreign particles and matter

d. Increased coefficient of friction

e. Ultraviolet light resistance

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SECTION 2.3 THREAD
2.3.1 The thread used in the sewing of synthetic web tie downs shall conform to the WSTDA
Recommended Standard Specification for Synthetic Sewing Threads for Slings and Tie Downs -
(WSTDA-TH-1.

SECTION 2.4 STITCHING

2.4.1 Stitching shall be lock-stitched and preferably continuous. When not continuous, stitching shall
be back-stitched at the ends to prevent raveling.

SECTION 2.5 HARDWARE – FITTINGS AND TENSIONING DEVICES

The use of improper hardware may result in severe personal injury or death.

2.5.1 This section relates to the hardware, of metal or other suitable materials, which may be
attached to the synthetic web tie down for the purpose of securing cargo. The hardware may
be a permanent or detachable part of the tie down.

2.5.2 Material - The hardware material selected shall be compatible with the mechanical and
environmental effects on the hardware.

2.5.3 Finish - Surfaces shall be cleanly finished and edges shall have sufficient radii to prevent cutting or
other forms of damage to the tie down.

2.5.4 Design Criteria - Hardware shall have a minimum design factor of 3:1 and have sufficient
strength to sustain a proof load test of 1.5 times the WLL without causing any permanent
deformation.

2.5.5 Reuse of Hardware – Hardware shall be inspected by a qualified person prior to reuse. Hardware
shall not be reused if wear, pitting, corrosion, cracks, breaks, distortion, evidence of post-
manufacture welds, and/or heat damage are visible. No repairs shall be permitted. If acceptable,
and hardware is reused, proof load testing is required.

2.5.6 Proof Load Test – A load test to one and one half (1.5) times the working load limit (WLL).

SECTION 2.6 COATINGS

2.6.1 Any finishes or coatings that are applied to the tie down materials shall be compatible with all
components and shall not impair the performance of the tie down assembly.

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SECTION 2.7 DESIGN FACTOR

! WARNING
The synthetic web tie down design factor is based on destructive, laboratory controlled
testing conditions, which will not be exactly duplicated during actual loading conditions.
Never load any tie down in excess of its working load limit (WLL).

2.7.1 The design factor for new synthetic web tie downs, with or without hardware, shall be a minimum of
3:1 when tested in accordance with Chapter 3.

SECTION 2.8 IDENTIFICATION / MARKING REQUIREMENTS

2.8.1 Each synthetic web tie down assembly or sub-unit, if it is intended that parts be separable, shall be
marked or labeled, by the manufacturer, using identification tag, stencil or other means with the
following required information: (Example: Figure 2-1)
a. Name or trademark of the tie down manufacturer
b. Working load limit (WLL) in pounds and kilograms

ABC Manufacturing Corp.

WLL 5,000 LBS (2,270 KGS)
Figure 2-1

2.8.2 Each synthetic web tie down assembly shall be marked or labeled, by the manufacturer, with use,
inspection and warning instructions using a tag, stencil or other means. (Example: Figure 2-2)

Figure 2-2

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2.8.3 If the required identification markings become illegible or missing, the synthetic web tie down shall be
removed from service.

SECTION 2.9 WORKING LOAD LIMIT

2.9.1 Synthetic web tie downs shall not be loaded in excess of the identified working load limit (WLL),
shown on its identification markings/label.

2.9.2 Each manufacturer shall retain the test data used to validate the synthetic web tie down minimum
breaking strength. A supplier should retain the test data provided by the manufacturer to validate
the synthetic web tie down minimum breaking strength. Destructive tests shall be conducted
periodically, according to the test procedure outlined in Chapter 3.

CHAPTER 3.0
STANDARD PROCEDURES FOR TESTING
SYNTHETIC WEB TIE DOWNS

SECTION 3.1 PURPOSE

3.1.1 This chapter provides standard procedures for the testing of synthetic web tie downs.

SECTION 3.2 TYPES OF TESTS

3.2.1 Destructive - A tensile test of a synthetic web tie down for the purpose of verifying the minimum
breaking strength. The tie down shall be pulled in a single-leg straight line pull until any load
bearing component fails.

3.2.2 Proof Load - A non-destructive load test of a synthetic web tie down, including hardware if
applicable, to 1.5 times the working load limit (WLL).

SECTION 3.3 TEST CHARACTERISTICS

3.3.1 Sample - When testing for the purpose of verification of the minimum breaking strength, the
synthetic web tie down samples shall be made in the same manner used to produce production tie
downs.

3.3.2 Hardware – Synthetic web tie downs incorporating hardware (fittings and/or tensioning devices)
shall be tested with the hardware attached.
3.3.3 A minimum of three (3) samples shall be tested to establish the breaking strength of a synthetic web
tie down. The lowest test result shall be used to determine the breaking strength of the assembly.

3.3.4 All synthetic web tie downs are to be tested in a straight-line pull with force applied to both ends of
the assembly. The ram shall be retracted at a uniform speed of 2 to 10 inches (50 to 250 mm) per
minute, or 100 to 1,000 pounds (45 to 454 kg) per second until failure. The tensile load at failure is
the breaking strength. Synthetic web tie downs should be tested at ambient temperature unless
otherwise noted.
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3.3.5 The test machine shall be certified annually to ASTM E4 or equivalent.

3.3.6 Test results shall be kept on file by the synthetic web tie down manufacturer. Suppliers should retain
the test data provided by the manufacturer to validate the synthetic web tie down minimum breaking
strength.

SECTION 3.4 PROOF TESTING REQUIREMENTS

3.4.1 Proof Testing - Unless specified by the purchaser, new synthetic web tie downs are not required to be
proof tested prior to their initial use.
3.4.2 Proof Testing Procedures – When synthetic web tie downs are proof tested, the proof load shall be a
minimum of 1.5 times the working load limit (WLL).

3.4.3 Proof Test Certificate - When a certificate of testing is required, the certificate, issued by the
company performing the test, shall show:
• The test date
• A description of the test method
• Product stock and serial number (if applicable)
• The applied load expressed in pounds or kilograms
• Product working load limit (WLL)
• Any indicated result

SECTION 3.5 PROCEDURES FOR SAMPLE DESTRUCTIVE PULL TESTING

3.5.1 Pull Testing to Destruction of Synthetic Web Tie Downs - Synthetic web tie down samples, that are
produced by regular production methods, shall be tested to destruction in accordance with Section
3.2.1 of this Standard to determine the breaking strength of the tie down assembly. Additionally, this
testing shall be completed by the manufacturer again when any changes are made to the composition
of the webbing materials, thread, hardware or the manufacturing process.

3.5.2 Pass Criteria - If all three tests meet or exceed the required breaking strength value, the sample group
meets these test criteria.

3.5.3 Retest Criteria - If any single test value falls below the required breaking strength value, two
additional samples shall be tested. These two additional samples shall meet or exceed the required
breaking strength value or the manufacturing process is rejected.

3.5.4 Random Pull Testing to Destruction of Synthetic Web Tie Downs - Synthetic web tie down samples, that
are produced by regular production methods, may randomly be tested to destruction in accordance with
Section 3.2.1 of this Standard. Additionally, this testing shall be completed by the manufacturer when
any changes are made to the composition of the tie down materials or manufacturing process.

3.5.5 Corrective Action - Following a rejection, the manufacturing process shall be examined and adjusted
as necessary. After corrective action, the product shall be retested to determine compliance with the
Pass Criteria prior to any production.

3.5.6 For additional information, see Associated Wire Rope Fabricators (AWRF) “Test Bed Safety Guide”.

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 CHAPTER 4.0
RECOMMENDED OPERATING PRACTICES
FOR SYNTHETIC WEB TIE DOWNS

SECTION 4.1 PURPOSE

4.1.1 The purpose of this chapter is to provide guidelines to the qualified personnel responsible for synthetic
web tie down selection, inspection and usage in accordance with recommended operating practices. This
Recommended Standard Specification does not purport to address all safety concerns associated with
synthetic web tie down usage. It is the responsibility of the user of the Standard to establish appropriate
safety practices and determine the applicability of all regulatory requirements prior to use.

SECTION 4.2 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

! WARNING
Before using synthetic web tie downs, users must be properly trained. The use of synthetic
web tie downs by untrained personnel is potentially hazardous.

4.2.1 The following seven points briefly summarize some important safety issues. All tie down users shall be
trained in the following areas:
• Tie Down Selection - Understand the limitations of each synthetic web tie down type.
• Tie Down Inspection - Understand how to properly inspect synthetic web tie downs, so
damaged tie downs can immediately be removed from service.
• Prevention of Synthetic Web Tie Down Damage - Know how to prevent synthetic web tie
down damage, including how to properly protect them from being cut or damaged from direct
contact with corners, edges, protrusions or abrasive surfaces.
• Proper Use of Tie Downs - Each synthetic web tie down user shall be competent in considering
all risk factors prior to securing cargo and be able to verify that each tie down will not be
loaded in excess of its working load limit.
• Remaining Alert When Securing Loads - Loads must be securely blocked and stabilized before
applying tension to or releasing synthetic web tie downs.
• Proper Storage of Tie Downs - Users should know how to store synthetic web tie downs in an
environment where they will not become damaged, such as by exposure to heat, chemicals and
sunlight or other UV light.
• Users should read, understand and follow the information contained in this publication, as well
as all local, state, federal, and provincial regulations applicable to cargo securement.

SECTION 4.3 PROPER SELECTION

4.3.1 Select a synthetic web tie down having suitable characteristics for the type of load, environment and
attachments to vehicle and cargo anchor/attachment points. Fittings shall have the required shape
and size to attach properly to the anchor/attachment points.

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4.3.2 Identify the working load limit (WLL) marked on the synthetic web tie down by the manufacturer. If
the required markings are missing or illegible, remove the tie down from service. Read all warnings
and/or instructions provided by the manufacturer.

4.3.3 Identify the working load limit of the anchor/attachment points. If no rating is visible contact the
vehicle owner/manufacturer and/or the cargo manufacturer. The working load limit (WLL) of
the cargo securement system shall be based on the lowest-rated component.

4.3.4 Determine the proper number of synthetic web tie downs required based upon the weight of the cargo,
the type of commodity, the aggregate working load limit of the securement system and the length/weight
ratio of the cargo being secured. Additionally, end users and enforcement personnel are required to know
commodity specific rules, if applicable, governing proper tie down determination as published by the
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Standard for Protection Against Shifting and Falling Cargo;
Final Rule currently in effect.

SECTION 4.4 SYNTHETIC WEB TIE DOWN INSPECTIONS

A three stage procedure is recommended to help ensure that synthetic web tie downs are
inspected with appropriate frequency.

4.4.1 Initial Inspection - Prior to use, all synthetic web tie downs shall be inspected by a qualified person to
verify compliance with all applicable provisions of this Standard.

4.4.2 Frequent Inspection - A visual inspection for damage shall be performed by the user or other
qualified person before each use.

4.4.3 Periodic Inspection - A complete inspection for damage shall be performed by a qualified person. This
inspection should be done by someone other than the individual(s) that most commonly performs the
frequent inspection.

a. Periodic Inspection Frequency. Periodic inspection intervals shall not exceed 1 year. The
frequency of periodic inspections should be based on:
1. frequency of tie down use
2. severity of service conditions
3. nature of cargo being secured
4. experience gained on the service life of synthetic web tie downs used in similar
conditions

b. Written Records. A written record of the most recent periodic inspection should be
maintained.

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4.4.4 Removal Criteria - A tie down shall be removed from service if any of the following forms of damage
are visible. See figures 1-9 for illustrative examples.
a. Holes, tears, cuts, snags or embedded particles which cause doubt as to the strength of the
tie down. (Figures 1 & 8)
b. Broken or worn stitching in load bearing sew patterns. (Figure 2)
c. Excessive abrasive wear. (Figure 3)
d. If any load bearing part of the tie down has been tied into one or more knots. (Figure 4)
e. Melting, charring or weld spatter on any part of the tie down. (Figure 5)
f. Chemical burns on the tie down. (Figure 6)
g. Signs of ultraviolet light degradation such as bleaching, increased stiffness or surface
deterioration . See 4.7.8.2.
h. Distortion, excessive pitting, corrosion or other damage to hardware.
i. If either the tie down manufacturer or supplier identification is illegible or missing, or the
assigned working load limit (WLL) is no longer visible.
j. Any other visible damage which causes doubt as to the strength of the tie down. (Figures 7, 8
and 9)

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13
SECTION 4.5 SECUREMENT PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

! WARNING
Synthetic web tie downs shall not be loaded in excess of the working load limit (WLL)
provided by the manufacturer. Consideration should be given to the tie down angle, from
the horizontal (tie down to vehicle) that affects the downward pressure of the tie down(s).

4.5.1 Effect of Angle - Example: If using synthetic web tie downs at 30 degrees the effective downward
pressure is reduced to 50% of the vertical strap assembly efficiency. Multiply the working load limit
(WLL) by 50% to get the reduced effectiveness of the tie down. Reduction in the synthetic web tie
down angle may result in the need for additional synthetic web tie downs. The effectiveness
examples pictured below are only true of indirect synthetic web tie downs. (See Figure 4-6)

Tie
Down
Angle 90 degrees 60 degrees 45 degrees 30 degrees

Effective
Downward
100 % 87 % 71 % 50 %
Pressure
Figure 4-6

4.5.2 Select a synthetic web tie down having suitable characteristics for the type of load, environment and
attachment to vehicle anchor point. Fittings shall be the proper shape and size to ensure that they will
attach properly to the vehicle and cargo anchor / attachment points.

4.5.3 Identify the working load limit (WLL) marked on the tie down.

4.5.4 Identify the working load limit (WLL) of all anchor / attachment points. If no rating is visible contact
the owner or vehicle manufacturer for tie down instructions. The lesser rated working load limit
(WLL), whether that is the anchor point or the synthetic web tie down, shall determine the working
load limit (WLL) of the entire securement system.

4.5.5 Determine the proper number of synthetic web tie downs required based on the weight, size and
shape of the cargo, the type of commodity, and the aggregate working load limit of the
securement system.

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4.5.6 Synthetic web tie downs shall not be loaded in excess of the working load limit (WLL) provided by
the manufacturer. When securing cargo to the floor, consideration should be given to the angle
created by the tie down to the anchor point from the horizontal (tie down to trailer) that affects
the downward pressure.

4.5.7 Web tie downs shall be attached to the vehicle and positioned in accordance with applicable regulations
for the commodity being transported to prevent against shifting of and/or loss of cargo. Additionally, tie
down users are required to know commodity specific rules governing proper tie down determination as
published by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Standard for Protection Against Shifting
and Falling Cargo: 49 CFR 393.100 ~ 393.136 Final Rule published June 22, 2006 and/or Canadian Council
of Motor Transport Administrators, National Safety Code Standard 10, amended June 2013 or current
regulations in effect.

SECTION 4.6 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

4.6.1 Synthetic web tie downs shall be used, inspected and adjusted during the transportation of cargo per
manufacturer recommendations and all applicable federal, state, provincial, local and industry
regulations.
4.6.2 Synthetic web tie downs in contact with potentially damaging edges, corners, or protrusions MUST
ALWAYS be protected with materials of sufficient strength, thickness, and construction to prevent tie
down damage. This protection must prevent abrasion, cutting and/or crushing.
4.6.3 Synthetic web tie downs should not be dragged on the floor, ground or over an abrasive surface.
4.6.4 Synthetic web tie downs shall not have knotting in any load bearing section of the tie down.
4.6.6 Synthetic web tie downs designed to secure cargo shall not be used for lifting, lowering or suspending
cargo or for towing.
4.6.7 Before operating any synthetic web tie down assembly, users shall secure their footing to prevent
slipping or falling.
4.6.8 When using synthetic web tie downs with a winch or ratchet, a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 4
wraps of webbing shall be wound on the winch or ratchet mandrel. Excessive wraps of webbing on the
mandrel may reduce the working load limit (WLL) of the synthetic web tie down and may interfere with
proper operation.
4.6.9 Synthetic web tie downs that appear to be damaged shall not be used unless inspected and accepted
as usable under Section 4.4.
4.6.10 Nylon and polyester elongate at different rates when under tension. Tie downs of different materials
shall not be used together when restraining cargo in the same direction due to different elongation
characteristics.
4.6.11 When tie downs are attached directly to cargo, they should be attached symmetrically and above the
cargo’s center of gravity to reduce the tendency of cargo to overturn.

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SECTION 4.7 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
4.7.1 Synthetic web tie downs should be stored in a cool, dry and dark place to prevent loss of strength
through exposure to ultraviolet light. Tie downs shall not be stored in chemically active areas.

4.7.2 Chemically active environments can affect the strength of synthetic web tie downs in varying degrees
ranging from little to total degradation. The tie down manufacturer or qualified person should be
consulted before any synthetic web tie downs are used in chemically active environments.

4.7.3 ACIDS

4.7.3.1 Nylon is subject to degradation in acids, ranging from little to total degradation.

4.7.3.2 Polyester is resistant to many acids, but is subject to degradation ranging from little to
moderate with some acids.

4.7.3.3 Each application shall be evaluated, taking into consideration the following:
i. Type of Acid
ii. Exposure Conditions
iii. Concentration
iv. Temperature
4.7.4 ALKALIS

4.7.4.1 Polyester is subject to degradation in alkalis, ranging from little to total degradation.

4.7.4.2 Nylon is resistant to many alkalis, but is subject to degradation ranging from little to
moderate with some alkalis.

4.7.4.3 Each application shall be evaluated, taking into consideration the following:
i. Type of Alkali

ii. Exposure Conditions

iii. Concentration

iv. Temperature

4.7.5 Tie downs using nylon or polyester webbing shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 194
degrees F (90 degrees C) or below -40 degrees F (-40 degrees C).

4.7.6 Tie downs using nylon or polyester webbing shall not come in contact with any object with a
temperature in excess of 194 degrees F (90 degrees C) or below -40 degrees F (-40 degrees C). This
includes the cargo being secured, vehicle and anchor points.

4.7.7 Synthetic web tie downs incorporating aluminum fittings shall not be used where fumes, vapors,
sprays, mists or liquids of alkalis or acids are present unless the compatibility of this material is
verified.

16
4.7.8 The strength of synthetic web tie downs exposed to ultraviolet light will be affected from slight to
total degradation. Consult the synthetic web tie down manufacturer for coating that may be applied
to the webbing to reduce the effects of ultra-violet light exposure.

4.7.8.1 Each application shall be evaluated, taking into consideration the following:

i. Length of time of continuous exposure

ii. Webbing construction and design
iii. Other environmental factors such as weather conditions and geographic location

4.7.8.2 Some visual indications of environmental degradation are:

i. Fading of webbing color.

ii. Uneven or disoriented surface yarn of the webbing.
iii. Shortening of the sling length.
iv. Reduction in elasticity and strength of the sling material due to an exposure to sunlight,
often evident by an accelerated abrasive damage to the surface yarn of the sling.
v. Breakage or damage to yarn fibers, often evident by fuzzy appearance of the web.
vi. Stiffening of the web, which can become particularly evident when web slings are
exposed to outdoor conditions without being used or cyclically tensioned.
vii. Surface abrasion in areas not normally in contact with the load

Degradation can take place without visible indications. If in doubt, contact the
CAUTION synthetic web tie down manufacturer for possible proof load test and/or replacement.

4.7.9 Synthetic web tie downs and associated hardware may be subjected to dirt, mud, snow, ice, road salt,
or any solutions, etc. Frequent inspection, clean water rinsing and lubrication as appropriate will
ensure proper operating condition. Aluminum fittings should not be cleaned with chlorine based
cleaning agents, or used in high chlorine environments.

4.7.10 Washing of tie down webbing (including pressure washing) is not recommended as any washing can
cause accelerated degradation of the webbing and loss of strength due to mechanical/chemical
damage.

SECTION 4.8 REPAIRS

4.8.1 No repairs of webbing, fittings, buckles or stitching/sew patterns shall be permitted.
Synthetic web tie downs may be re-webbed utilizing existing hardware if the synthetic web tie
down manufacturer determines the hardware is reusable.

Each synthetic web tie down re-webbed utilizing used hardware shall be proof load tested to one
and one half (1.5) times the working load limit. The synthetic web tie down manufacturer
performing the re-web shall conduct this proof test and a certificate shall be provided to the user
with a copy kept on file by the synthetic web tie down manufacturer.

17
When re-webbed, the synthetic web tie down shall be marked with a label to identify when the re-
web was performed and the name or trademark of the synthetic web tie down manufacturer that
performed the work.

Temporary repairs of webbing, fittings or stitching shall not be permitted.

18
 Appendix

EXAMPLE OF WSTDA TIE DOWN WARNING LABEL

WSTDA Label is shown for example only - it is not meant to imply that other similar labels are not allowed.
19
EXAMPLE OF WSTDA TIE DOWN SAFETY BULLETIN (4 pages total)
WSTDA bulletin is shown for example only - it is not meant to imply that
other similar Use & Safety publications are not allowed.
20
 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
U.S. Department of Transportation California Administrative Code:
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) Office of Public Affairs or
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations Commercial Vehicle Section
(FMCSRs) 392.9, Safe Loading; 393.100 ~ 393.136 California Highway Patrol,
Subpart 1 - Protection Against Shifting or Falling Cargo Enforcement Services Division
1200 New Jersey Avenue SE PO Box 942898
Washington, D.C. 20590 Telephone Sacramento, CA 94298-0001
(800) 832-5660 www.fmcsa.dot.gov www.chp.ca.gov

In Canada Contact: The Ministry

Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance (CVSA) of Transportation In Each
North America Standard Out of Service Criteria (OOSC) Province.
6303 Ivy Lane, Suite 310
Canadian Council of Motor
Greenbelt, MD 20770
Transport Administrators 223
Phone (301) 830-6143
St. Laurent Blvd.
Fax (301) 830-6144
Ottawa, Ontario K1G 4J8
www.cvsa.org
Telephone: (613) 736-1003
Fax: (613) 736-1395
Email: [email protected]
Specialized Carriers & Rigging Association
Canadian Ministry of Transportation
5870 Trinity Parkway, Suite 200
Queen’s Park / Minister’s Office
Centreville, VA 20120
7 Wellesly Street West
Telephone (703) 698-0291
Ferguson Block, 3rd Floor
Fax (571) 722-1698 Email:
Toronto, Ontario M7A 1Z8
[email protected]
Telephone: (416) 327-9200
www.scranet.org

In Mexico Contact:
WEB SLING & TIE DOWN MEXICO CITY, MEXICO
ASSOCIATION, INC. Mauricio Hinojosa
2331 Rock Spring Road
Director General Adjunto de Supervisión
Forest Hill, MD 21050
USA Autotransporte Federal
Czda. de las Bombas No 411,
Phone: (443) 640-1070 10 Piso Col. Los Girasoles, C.P. 04920
Fax: (443) 640-1031 Delegación Coyoacan, México D.F.
Email: [email protected]
Telephone: +52-55-54824100 Fax:
Website: www.wstda.com
+52-55-46849628
[email protected]
http://dgaf.sct.gob.mx/
21
 WEB SLING & TIE DOWN ASSOCIATION PUBLICATIONS
Recommended Standard Specifications for:
• Synthetic Web Slings (WSTDA-WS-1)
• Synthetic Webbing for Slings (WSTDA-WB-1)
• Synthetic Polyester Roundslings (WSTDA-RS-1)
• (Spanish) Synthetic Polyester Roundslings (WSTDA-RS-1S)
• High Performance Yarn (HPY) Roundslings (RS-1HP)
• Synthetic Web Tie Downs (WSTDA-T-1)
• Sewing Threads for Slings & Tie Downs (WSTDA-TH-1)
• Winches Used With Web Tie Downs (WSTDA-T-3)
• Synthetic Webbing Used for Tie Downs (WSTDA-T-4)
• Interior Van Securement Devices (WSTDA-T-5)
• (Spanish) Interior Van Securement Devices (WSTDA-T-5S)
• Load Binders Used with Chain Tie Downs (WSTDA-T-6)
• Strength & Elongation Test Method for Sling & Tie Down Webbings (WSTDA-TM-1)

Operating, Care & Inspection Manuals for:

• Synthetic Web Slings (WSTDA-WS-2)
• Synthetic Polyester Roundslings (WSTDA-RS-2)
• (Spanish) Synthetic Polyester Roundslings (WSTDA-RS-2S)
• Synthetic Web Tie Downs (WSTDA-T-2)

Download free, single-use copies of the above Standards and Manuals at www.wstda.com

Available for Purchase from Web Sling & Tie Down Association:
Warning Products: Available in English, Spanish and French
• (Fabric) Warning Labels for Synthetic Web Slings, Roundslings, High Performance Yarn
Roundslings, and Synthetic Tie Downs
• (Paper) Safety Bulletins for Synthetic Web Slings, Roundslings, High Performance Yarn
Roundslings, and Synthetic Tie Downs
Illustrated Wall Chart
• Inspection of Web Slings & Roundslings (WSTDA-WSWC-1)
UV Degradation Reports
• UV Degradation Testing Program for Web Slings: Summary Report, 2003 (WSTDA-UV-Sling-2003)
• UV Degradation Testing Program for Web Slings: Graphs (Mini Manual) (WSTDA-UV-MM-2005)
• UV Degradation Testing Program for Web Slings: Report (1981, rev. 2005) (WSTDA-UVDR-1981)

For ordering information and prices, contact the association office or visit our website:
Web Sling & Tie Down Association, Inc.
2331 Rock Spring Road, Forest Hill, Maryland 21050
Phone (443) 640-1070 Fax (443) 640-1031
Email: [email protected] Web Site: www.wstda.com
This recommended standard specification has been formulated as a guide to users, industry
and government to ensure the proper use, maintenance and inspection of synthetic web
tie down assemblies. The existence of this recommended standard specification does not,
however, prevent members of the Web Sling & Tie Down Association, Inc. and other
manufacturers from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to this standard.