Article 1156 demand the fulfillment of

obligation
Obligation as a juridical necessity
 To pay tuition fee to school 3. Persistation/object/subject
to give matter - or the conduct
 Take care of their children required to be observed by the
to do debtor. It may consist in giving,
 Not to steal doing, or not doing.
not to do 4. Juridical tie/vinculum/
vinculum juries - binds or
Importante ang juridical necessity
connects the parties to the
kasi madidistinguish ang civil
obligation.
obligation from any type of obligation
dahil tanging civil obligation lang Example: Naruto is obliged to pay his
maaassociate ang word na juridical income taxes ( unilateral obligation)
necessity. isang party lang po ang passive
subject or isa party lang may
JURIDICAL NECESSITY ang isang
obligation
obligation kailangang gawin dahil
kung hindi pede kang kasuhan ng 1. Naruto sya yung obligado na
court of justice. magbayad or gagawa para
mafulfill ang isang obligation
Obligation to attend masses moral
2. Philippine Government - right
obligation
to demand
To pay back your debt gratitude ito 3. To give (to pay income taxes)
ay utang na loob, di sa mapofall 4. Law – tinatawag na tax code
under ng civil obligation so it means kapag kumikita ka or may
di makakasuhan natural obligation trabaho obligado ka na
kasi depende naman sa isang tao magbayad ng tax mo or income
kung babayran nya nag lanyang utang taxes
na loob sa isang tao.
Bilateral two parties ay merong
Essential recrusites obligation – obligation
kapag merong missing or wala sa
Obligation- juridical necessity to
isang recruisites di natin ito
give, to do , not to do
matuturing na civil obligation.
Right - to demand
Tinutukoy ng dalawang to ay mga
persons na involve sa obligation Cause of action (wrong) –
omission ay tumutukoy sa hindi
1. Passive subject
pagfulfill ng obligation at and act
(debtor/obligor) gagawa of
ay kunware may obligation na not
magpufulfill ng obligation
to do pero nag act ka so pedeng
2. Active subject
maging cause of action yun.
(creditor/obligee) entitled to
 Injury – causes harm/ may obligation dahil may quasi
delicts
Damage – harm done to a party
SOURCES OF OBLIGATIONS
Damages – recoverable
ARTICLE 1157. obligation arises from:
Kapag nag file ng case sa korte –
plaintiff (tanjiro) 1. Law
2. Contracts
Ang kinasuhan dahil di nafulfill ang
3. Quasi-contracts
obligation – defendant (inosuke)
4. Acts or omissions punished by
Cause of action – inosuke of not law sources from law
paying 5. Quasi- delicts
Damage – tanjuro loss on sale obligation arises from Law - imposed
Damages – money of recoverable by the law itself. May batas na
of (1000+) lets say Manalo si susundin at alam dapat ang gagawin
tanjiro sa korte ang igagrant na at ang di dapat gawin. A law is a rule
money ay more than 1000 pesos, of conduct because it guides us to
madami pang other damages na action. The treatment of law should
pwedeng marecover ni tanjuro ito be equal regardless on your
ay moral damages at ano pa. color,age,status in life. The treatment
of the law should always be equal.
Required dapat na sundin ang batas.
Kinds of obligation according to Kapag di sinunod ang law merong
subject matter. equivalent na punishment or penalty.

1. Real obligation – to give  Pay taxes (tax code)

2. Personal obligation – act to nagbabayad ng taxes dahil
be done or not to be done sinabi ng law
 Positive personal – to  Obligations of parents to
do support the family (family
 Negative personal – code) binabanggit din ito sa
not to do law
Obligation arises from Contracts –
render of service / repay a loan by
Article 1157 is means merong virtue of an agreement /meeting of
obligation dahil merong minds so ibig sabihin ay nagkasundo.
pinanggagalingan. Merong batas na Ito ay bilateral act dahil two parties
nagsasabing merong obligation, ang meron obligation.
merong kontrata na nagsasabing Example: contract of sale
merong obligation. Merong  Requires seller to deliver the
obligation dahil may quasi contract, thing sold and the buyer pay
may obligation dahil may delicts and the price
  2 parties are seller and buyer walang kontrata but merong
obligation na dapat gampanan.
obligation arises from Quasi- Walang nagbenefit sa nangyare.
contracts – it means as if contract, ito Obligation natin na bayaran ang mga
ay unilateral act, it is voluntary acts. It expenses or pinsala na nagawa natin.
ismlegal but not centrally in law.
Sources classified.
Example: solutio indebit wala naman
kontrata na ibalik ang sukli but it is The law enumerates five (5) sources
your obligation to return it. Kapag of obligations. They may be classified
nakareceive ng sobrang sukli, di ito as follows:
makatarungan
(1) Those emanating from law; and
Negotiorum gestio – walang kontrata
na alagaan ng kapitbahy ang aso mo (2) Those emanating from private
but inalagaan nya to and bilang iyong acts which may be further subdivided
obligation kelangan mo bayaran sya into:
sa mga nagastos nya sa iyong aso.
 those arising from licit acts, in
Obligation arises from Acts or the case of contracts and
omissions punishable by law – also quasi-contracts; and
known as crime or felony.  those arising from illicit acts,
consequence of a criminal which may be either
offense.delicts produce both criminal punishable by law in the case
and civil liabilities, it means pede nya of delicts, or not punishable in
ako kasuhan sa korte, and kapag the case of quasi-delicts.
desisyon ng court ay against sayo
Scope of Civil Liabilities
magbabayad ka ng damages. Ang
criminal liability ay makukulong ka, Example : gen stole senku’s vehicle.
hindi lahat ng obligation ay The authority chased him and gen
makukulong ka, mga obligation na damaged the vehicle. Senku should
hindi mo finulfill ay makukulong ka presented the vehicle in a car show
talaga. Ang criminal liability ay under the same day, senku loss the
ng penal code. potential income from the car show.
Aside from civil liability may criminal
Example: estafa, murder, rape (doing
liability din na haharapin si gen
these crimes could get you
imprisoned) 1. restitution – return of the
car/thing, monitary value
obligation arises from Quasi- delicts-
2. reparation – answer the
also known as tort or culpa. Quasi
damage of a car/one thing
means negligence, ito ay kapabayaan.
3. indeminification- gen will also
Damage ng isa sa isang party but
pay senku for the said loss.
OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM LAW nila magcomply according sa
ART. 1158 nakalagay na sa kontrata. Batas yun
between sa kanilang dalawa. As long
Hindi ka mag aassume na may
as the contract ay valid it should be
obligation unless sinabi/malinaw sa
complied with in good faith.
batas na mero ngang obligation ang
isang tao. Code ay laws and  malayang mag usap ang
obligation and contracts. Different dalawang parties sa contract.
prohibitions for different nominate Malaya silang mag usap
contract such as sales of law. Ang regarding sa kanilang duties
code na tinutukoy ay civil code. Ang and obligations, magkaroon ng
special laws ay ang laws na di agreement.
makikita sa civil code. Law on  Their agreement should not be
corporation and law or negotiable contrary to law,morals,good
instruments. Obligation ng board of customs,public order or public
directors sa corporation,corporation police
code dun nababanggit ang differents  Their agreement must be
obligation nay u. same sa negotiable respected and there is a force
instrument. Di yan mahahanap sa of law between those parties.
civil code,mahahanap sila sa specific 1. Binding force
law na nakahandle sa kanila. Tawag 2. Requirements of a valid
sa kanila ay special laws. contract
Example : An employer has no 3. Where contract requires
obligation to furnish free legal approval by the government
assistance to his employees. 4. Compliance in good faith
5. Liability for breach of contact
A private school has no legal 6. Presetvation of interest of
obligation to provide clothing promise
allowance to its teachers. Wala
specifically na law na kelangan
magprovide ng private schools sa ART. 1160. Obligations derived from
kanilang tchrs na libreng clothing quasi-contracts
allowance.
- lawful, voluntary and unilateral
acts.
1. Negotiorum gestion (Art.2144-
ART. 1159. Obligations arising from 2153)
contracts
As long as ang dalawang tao ay Nominate Quasi-contracts
bound sa isang contract kailangan
 2. Solution indebiti (Art. 2154-
2163)
3. Other quasi-contracts (Art.
2164-2175) innominate quasi
contracts
1-2.

ART. 1162. Obligations derived from

quasi-delicts

ART. 1161. Civil obligations arising

from Delicts
Ito ay crime/acts or omission
punishable by laws such as
rape,stafa, pagpatay and
pagnanakaw. 2 types of
obligation:criminal obligibation ay
punishable by imprisonment, civil
liabilities ay restition,reparation,
indeminification.