Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Nazism was a political ideology which flourished. in Germany and influenced world [chapter] Sirs politics. A genocidal war' started in Germany before the Second World War. It resulted in the mass killing of Europeans itvaifferent inhuman ways. ih ie Wainer pubes Afeer the Second World War, an International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg was Hitler's Rise to Power setup to prosecute Nazi war criminals. The tribunal sentenced only eleven Nazi “The Nazi Wortakeir leaders and many others were imprisoned for life. The Allies? did not want to be as vane harsh as they were after the First World War. lh in Neri Germany Ordinary People and The Birth of the Weimar Republic ae Aaaloe Haren Germany was a powerful empire in the early years of the 20th century. It fought the First World War (1914-1918) together with the Austrian empire and against the Allies (England, France and Russia). At the first stage of war, Germany occupied France and Belgium. Later the Allies ‘were strengthened by the US entry in 1917. They defeated Germany and the Central Powers in November, 1918. The defeat of Imperial’ Germany and the resigning of the emperor gave an opportunity to parliamentary parties to change German polity. ‘A National Assembly met at Weimar and established a democratic Constitution with a federal structure. Deputies were elected to the Reichstag, German Parliament on the basis of equal and universal votes cast by all adults including women. 7 Genocidal War Kiling on a large scale leading o destruction of large sections of people, 2 Allies A state formally cooperating with another for a military or other purpose. 3 Imperial Connected with an empire.ism and the Rise of Hiler Nazis Ss 47 peace Trealy of Versailles Bysining the Peace Treaty of Veal, Germany lost «its overseas colonies, one-tenth of its population and 13 per centof its territories. «+ 75 per centof its iron and 26 per cent ofits coal to France, Poland, Denmark and Lithuania. + £6billion as compensation for war. «+ Resourcerich Rhineland occupied by Allied armies, «+ Moreover the Allied powers removed military forces from Germany to weaken its power, They believed that Germany was responsible for the war and damages that Allied povrers faced. The Effects of the War The Fist World War, both psychologically and financially affected Europe in the following ways + Europe became a continent of debtors from creditors, + The Weimar Republic was forced to pay a huge compensation. ** Socialists, Catholics and Democrats who supported the ‘Weimar Republic were criticised and came to be known as November criminals by the conservative nationalists. + Aer the First World War, soldiers were placed above Givilians and the media glorified their trench life but in reality they lived miserable life in trenches*. * Aggressive war propaganda’ and, national honour ‘occupied the public attention. * Support grew for conservative dictatorship. Political Radicalism and Economic Crisis * Political radicalisation was only increased by the economic Gisis of 1923. * This was che time when the Spartacist League began to tise. * Spanacist League was based on the pattern of the Bolshevik tution in Russia, : ‘The people of Berlin demanded for sovierstyle governance. The Weimar Republic ‘suppressed the uprising of the S alg mea the help of the war organisation and segregated the Jews. From 1939-1945, the Nazis aimed to kill the Jews in gas chambers of Poland, The Racial Utopia ‘The Nazis tried to realise their racial ideal through genocide. They divided the occupied Poland. The most of North-Western Poland was made part of Germany, Poles were forced to leave their homes and properties, which were then occupied by Germans. Poles were deported tothe other part called the ‘General Government, Members of the Polish intelligentsia were murdered in large numbers in order to keep th class of people under their control. Polish children who looked like Aryans were examined by ‘race experts’ and if they passed the race tests, they were raised in Getinan families, Ith then they were sent to orpha ‘were perished. failed! in these vest, 1 Name the birth place of Hitler 2 Who was the pronounder of the theory- ‘Survival of the Fittest? 3. When did the Nazi Perty become the laigest party in Germany? 4 Which act helped to establish dictatorship in Germany? 5 Wh sssss Miler seized the German-Speching. Sucenteniond from Czechoslovakia, Youth in Nazi Germany Hitler believed thar a strong Nazi Society could be established by teaching Nazi ideology to the children, A control over the child both inside and outside the schoo! twas required. For this following measures were adopced + All schools were cleansed and purified. + Children and teachers of Jews and Gypsies were thrown our of schools. ° “Fa Nore Gemma Aryans Tt sa branch of those who were aiid 48 ars They Thed In woth European counts 19 Stereotype A Mined ide: 20. Usurers Muneylender charging very high cate of Interest, eae ee Sostematie ad organised porihment of those belonging Io a group or rigion aie keane or image that many people have about 2 particular type of person, but which is mot truc in reality. FF Gatton Views people of the surne tace live, separately from the fest of the population, tifie False or pretended 10 be scientific, fe act of making poorand the Rise of Hitler hoo! textbooks were rewritten. Getmans and Jews rot sit and play together, 1s introduced to justify Nazi ideas of «Thee could «Racial scence wa race ‘ eveonpss about Jens were popularised even through nathe classes. eRiLen were taught tobe yal submisive, hate Jews and worship Hitler. : : ants ike boxing was introduced to encourage violence ; ein among chiklren. Hiler thought that tosing could make children iror~hearted, strong and masculine. «+ Youth organisations were made responsible for ‘educating, German Youth in the ‘Spirit of National Socialism.” «+ Tenyearold children had to join Jungvolk"*. + In 1922, the Youth League of the Nazis was founded ‘After four years, it was renamed as Hitler Youth, + At Hall boys had to join the Nazi youth organisation “Hider Youth’ + Tocontzol the youth, all other youth organisations were banned. * After a period of rigorous ideological and physical training, youth had to join the Labour Service at the age of 18. Then they had to serve in the armed forces. and enter one of the Nazi organisations. The Nazi Cult of Motherhood In Nati Germany, young people and even children, were ‘epeatedly told that women were radically different from en, According to the Nasi ideology, the fight for equal rights for men and women, was quite wrong and it would destroy society, Bo were taught to be aggressive, masculine and rdvorking while girls were told to become good hat and bring up pure blooded Aryan children. Homes had to maintain the purity of the race, distance Nartelrs from Jews, look after the home and teach . nee to their children, impor slit declared that the mother was the most meatant citzen, bu all mothers were not equally 4 Junge Na 25 Fapheen N32 YOuth groups for children below 14 years of age. pa one Those mothers who produced racially desirable children were awarded, given favoured treatment in hospitals, concessions in shops, theatres and even in the railways. Honour crosses were given to encourage women to produce many children. Honour cross of bronze was xiven for producing four children, silver for producing six children and gold for producing eight or more children. Women who maintained contacts with Jews, Poles or Russians were punished! or imprisoned. Many received jail sentences and lost civic honour for this criminal offence. The Art of Propaganda The Nazi regime used language and the media effectively to describe thetr activities. They never used the words ‘Kill’ or ‘murder’ in their official communications, but used euphemisms”, Mass killings were called special treatment, final solution (for the Jews), euthanasia (For the disabled), selection and disinfection. ‘Byacuation’ meant deporting people co gas chambers for kulling them. The gas chambers were called ‘disinfection-areas’ Role of Media in Propaganda The role of media in promoting Nazi Propaganda was as fellows + Media was carefully used to win support for the regime and popularise its worldview. Nazi ideas were spread. through visual images films, radio, posters, catchy slogans and leafles + Socialists ard liberals were represented as weak and degenerate and attacked as malicious foreign agents. + Propagarida films were made to ereate hatred for Jews. The most infamous filma was The Eternal Jew. + In Nazi Germany, Orthodox Jews were stereotyped and marked, They were shown with flowing beards, wearing kaftans. However in reality ic was difficule co distinguish the German Jews frony other German people, + Jews were referred &9 as vermin (insects), rats and pests. Their movements wete compared to chose of rodents. "ims An indict word or expression use for one considered to be too harsh52 Allynane Social Science Class 94, Ordinary People and The Crimes Against Humanily Many ordinary people genuinely believed that only Nazism could bring prosperity and welkbeing for them « Some Germans opposed Nazism, but the large majority of Germans had no courage to protest. Charlotte Berade in her book Third Reich of Dreams dlscribed that Jews starced believing the N stereotypes about them. The Nazi propaganda haunted the Jews and they were immensely suffered. Knowledge about the Holocaust World became aware about the Nazi atrocity (cruel and violent act) during the last year of its regime. The atrocities and sufferings that Jews had experienced during the Nati killing operations are called the Holocaust. _ SUMMARY © After the defeat of Germany inthe Prst World War ane the resignation of the emperor, the parliamentary parties metal ‘Weimar and established a Democratic Constiluticn with a federal, structure. This was tormod as the ‘Weimar Republic’ * This government was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles with the Allied powers, whose terms were very harsh and humiliating, © Germany could not manage the financial crisis and faced byperinfltion in 1823, when prices of goods of dally use increased sharply * The years of the Great Depression (1929-1952) further damage the German economy, when production and employment reduced drastically. * This multiple crisis in the German economy paved the way for Hitler's rise to power. Hitler promised to build a strong nation, undo the injustice of the Versailles Treaty, restore the dignity ofthe German people and create opportunities or Une unemployed people. After acquiring power, Hitler started dismantling democratic rule by {) The Fire Decree of 20th Pebruary. 1993, which indefinitely susponded civic rights like freedom of speech, prass and assembly. (8) The Enabling Act of Ord Merch, 1992, wich gave Hitler all powers a sideline Parliement and rulp by de People know about the Holocaust by the documents preserved by the Jews in many ghettos. The documents included diaries, notebook, cteared archives (the place where historical documents or records are stored), ete The Nazi leadership tried to destroy all these evidences when they started losing the war. Today many of the evidences of Holocaust are kept in various Museums of the world 1 Name the author who wrote te “Third Reich of Drearns 2 Which Nari Youth Organisation consisted of all German boys of 1410 18 years of age? 3 What was the name given [Link] chambers iy Nazis? 4 The most infamous film to ereate hatred for Jews was. 5 The book “Third Relch of Dreams’ was written by. * Hitlers racism was borrowed from the ideas of Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer. The Nazi thinkers believed that the strongest roce would survive and weak ones would perish, * Hiller started implementing his ideas about creating a ‘pure racial cortmmunity of Nordic Germans. jews, Gypsies and Blacks were classified as ‘undesirable’ and widely persecuted by various measures. * Hille’s hatred of ows made them the worst sufferers in Nazi Germany * Hitlerbelioved that a strong Nazi society could be established by teaching Nazi ideology to the children, * The youth shad to join Jongvotk ftom the age of 10 til they became adults = Women’s roles in Nazi Germany’ were limited to being good wives and productive mathors who reated pure-blooded Aryan chiren, Women who maintained! contacts with fons, Poles or Russian ‘wore soverely punished = Tho atrocities and sufferings thot Jews had exporienced during, the Naz killing operations are called th Holocaust. The wor cam to know about this by datos, wotabooks and archives proserved by the camp Inhabitants of thet poried,NCERT FOLDER Activity on page 61 1 Read Sources Aand B and answer tho ‘questions that follow, Source A ‘For this earth is nol allotted to anyone nor sit presented to anyone as a gif. IIs awarded by previdence to people who in their hearts have the Courage to conquer i, the strength ta preserve it and the industry to put to the plough... The primary right of this ‘world isthe right life, so fer as one possesses the siengih for this, Hence on the bosis of this ight, © vigorous nation wil always find ways of adepting its teritoryo lis population size’ Hiller, Secret Book, ed. Teliors Taylor. Source B ‘inan era when the earth is gradually being divided up ‘mong sieles, some of which embrace almost entice ‘continents, we cannot speak of a wer'd power in connection with a formation whose pailical mother country istimited to the absurd area of five hundred kiometer ‘iter, Moin Kampf, p. 644, (¢) What co they tell you about Hitler's imperial ambition? Ans, The two texts cell chat Hitler's imperial ambition was tw expand the boundaries of Germany rill wherever they could possibly reach. He believed thar an ‘aggresive nation will find methods to adjust its ‘eritory to its population's size, In Source ‘B, he was comparing Germany's size to thar of Russia and wanted Germany to become a world power of. similar size, (0) What do you think Mahatma Gandhi would have said to Hiller about these ideas? "8: Mahatma Gandhi would have told Hitler to remove the idea of aggression against other nations from his ‘mind, 2s violence begets violence, Activity on page 63 2 What does citizenship mean to you? Look at Chapters 1 and 3 and write 200 words on how the French Revolution and Nazism defined ellzenship. Ans. To me, citizenship means the right to live freely in the country of my birth of the country where T desire to live. The French Revolution defined citizenship in a way which was different from way that Nazism defined it. The French people thought thar all men have equal rights, as they are orn equal. The rights of a citizen include liberty, security, owaing of property and resisting oppression. Also they believed in the freedom of expression, whether verbal or in writing, arc etc. They believed in che rule of law and that no one can be above it. However, the Nazi definition of citizenship was quite different. {twas defined with the perspective of racial discrimination against all except the ‘pure Aryan’ Nordic race. So they said chat Jews and other ‘undesirable’ people would not be considered as citizens of Germany. These people were given very harsh treatment like death in the gas chambers or were Sanished from Germany. 3 What did the Nuremberg Laws mean to the ‘undesirables’ in Nazi Germany? What other legal measures were taken against them to make them feel unwanted? ANS. Basically, the Nuremberg Laws meant that the ‘undesirables’ had no rights co live along with the other citizens. These included Jews, Gypsies, Blacks and other nationalities like Polish and Russian people. These tases, promulgated in 1935, stated (8 Only persons of German or related-blood would be German citizens, enjoying the protection of the German empire. (4) Marriages between Germans and the ‘undesirables’ were forbidden. Excramarital relations berween them also became a crime, Other legal measures included (8 Boycott of Jewish businesses. (ii) Expulsion of Jews from government services. (id Sizing and forcible selling of the properties of Jews.54 ALs rane Sociol Science Class 9}h as ‘Activity on page 70 4 Look at the figuros and answer the following | | GERMAN FARMER YOU BELONG TO HITLER! WHY? ‘The German farmer stands In between two great dangers today: ‘The one danger Amarisan aconomic system ~ Big Copitalsm! ‘The other is the Marusi economic systam of Bolshevism. Big Capitaliem and Boisheviern work hand in hand: they are tor of Jewish viought ‘and serve the master plan of world Jawery ‘Who alone can rescue the farmer from these dangers? NATIONAL SOCIALISM. From: @ Nazi leaftet, 1932. Ans. ‘The leaftet shows how the Nazis appesied to the peasants, ‘ARBEITER Maier oon Tad Nazi party poster of the 1920s, It acke ‘workers to vote for Hicler. the frontiina soldier What do they tellus about Nazi propaganda? How are the Nazis trying to mobilise different sections of the population? The first poster is addressed to the German farmer, while the second one is addressed to the German worker. This tells us that chrough this kind of propaganda, che Nazis were trying to win the support of the working classes. ‘The first poster is condemning the capitalists and the Bolsheviks because they are the enemies of Nazism. The second poster is telling the working class of the Germany to vote for Hitler who has fought on the fronc line in che First World War. From these two poster we can assume that che Nazis are trying co mobilise different sections of people under their banner. These people include agriculturalists, ‘workers and all pure Germans under the banner of Nazi Pary. Activity on page 74 5 Write a one page history of Germany (@) As a school child in Nazi Germany (©) As a Jewish survivor of a concentration camp (c) As a political opponent of the Nazi regime. Aus. (2) Asa School child in Nazi Germany I have been wditioned to behave in a patticular manner since I was six years old. Firse I seas given « fl ‘to wave, to show my patriocism. T was told thar men’s and women’s roler in life were totally different. We were told thac the fight for equal rights of men and women was « thing of the past 45 it would destroy our society colay. We baye were taught r0 be aggressive, masculine and iron hearted, while the girls were cold that dey had to become good mothers and rear pusre-blooded Aryan childrens ‘The girls had to maintain the purity of the race, distance themselves from Jews, look. after the home and ceach theie children Nazi values. They hal to be the bearers of the Aryan cculture and race. Thad to take an eath of loyalty to Hitler, proclaiming him as the saviour of the councry. 1 have been told hac after finishing school, I will join the Hitler Youth Organisation, This will be followed by military service, which is compulsory. (O) Asa Jewish Survivor oF Concentration Camp “Thanks to the Lord for saving my bf. | am happy (o have survived theee years of torturous life in the concentration camp. OF course, Lam now very weak and ill, but Lam still alive, So many of my friends, relatives and even family members died before my eyes die to the bad ereaement it the camp. They were regularly beaten, left 10 starve and made to work in very harsh conditions Many of them were sent to the gas chambers and Twas always afraid of my number coming next Luckily, [ have survived to tll ehis ele (0 Asa Political Opponent of the Nazi Regime Since the Nazis have captured power, they ate zmaking life hel for all people wh do noe fellow their doctrine. I do not understand what they will gain by trying to conquer other nations. “The bombing by the British on our homes has Killed many of my relatives and friends. Aggression on other counties will definitely ‘cause war with them sad we will also lose men and property in war. The way the Nazis are jing about increasing their power, | feel, in the ng rurl, we will lose out, 2s this war will make all other nations to go agsinsc us. Thope, Hitler sees sense and stops this war soon,rxism ond the Rise of Hiller roamonsneneestte 6 Imagine that you are Helmuth. You have hed mony Jewish friends in school and do not believe that Jews are bad. Write a paragraph ‘on what you would say to your father, would speak 1© my father ike this “father, pease do not behave badly with the Jews, Earlier in my school Jewish children studied in my dass and Spitz wes a lose friend of mine. You know him. He used to come to our home many times and both of us played together. That time, you did not say anything. How has he suddenly become bad? Is ir only because his parents are Jews? Now Spier has been removed from our school and you have not allowed fim to come to our home. I think this is noc far for the Jews, You should not join hands wich people who are telling bad things about Jews. Iris spoiling our lives and we are losing many friends. I hope you will understand what Tam say and will do something about it” ‘Questions on page 74 7 Describe the problems faced by the Weimar Republic. Ans. The problers faced by Weimar Republic were a follows (8 The Weimar Republic was not creaced well by the people because of the terms it was forced to acecpr the Treaty of Versailles at the end of the First World War. [c was a harsh and humiliating, ‘ucaty. By signing chis treary, the Republic carried the burden of war guile and was financially being forced to pay compensation, Ie beeame very unpopular among Germans. (i Supporters of the Weimar Republic, i, Socialists, Catholics and Democrats were ‘mockingly called the "November criminals’ because they had accepted the humilating terms of the Versailles Treacy, (tif) The birth of the Weimar Republic coincided with the Russian Revolution. Soviets of workers and silors were established in many cities. Most __ People were demanding Soviet-style governance. (Go) In the Weimar Republic, both the communists and socialists became enemies and could not Unite against Hider. ®) ie ‘Weimar Republic faced economic crisis. po withdrew her support when Wall Street jon ange crashed in 1929. Workers lst their Jes and were paid reduced wages. The nurmber unemployed couched 6 million, This created 'P anxieties and fear among people. Ans. 8 Discuss why Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930. or What were the reasons for the rise of Nazism in Germany? or Why did Nazism become popular in Germany by 1930? Explain. Anis. Nasista became popular in Germany due 10 the following reasons ” (9 The Treaty of Versilles imposed very hhumniliacing terms on Germany and people began 10 think che Weimar Republic as responsible for that. (i) There was political instability under the Weimar Republic within its short period, had 20 different Cabinets lasting on an average 239 days. (iii) Germany witnessed a grave economic crisis and Hitler promised the people to restore prosperity and peace (G0) The communists in Germany tried to stage a revolutiomon the pattern of the Sovier Revolution of 1917 AD. The German capitalise supporced Hitler's Nazi Party as the parcy was against Socialis, (i) Hitler had a strong pessonalicy and mass appeal. He was a powerful speaker. His passion and words inspired people. Hicler devised a riew style of politics which inspired the people of Germany. 9 Whatare the peculiar features of Nazi thinking? or Describe briefly five inhuman features of Nazi thinking. Aus. The peculiar foatures of Nazi thinking were (A They believed that the strong should rule the world and the ret should accept their leadership. (i) They belived in racial hierarchy, where the Nordic German Aryans were at the top and che Jews ar the lowest rung. ji) The Navis believed that the Jews were theit a te Sere Jonr we od and Killed. From a children were ie owned oth ase and ouside school with the Nazi ideology of nationalism and war. (0) The Naris believed in the geopolitical concept ‘of Lebensranin or living space, i.¢. new territories had to be acquired for che German nation. (vf) Women were seen as only bearers of the Aryan culeace and race. els ui56 Alléwane Social Science Class 94 | Eee» __— NCERTIgeelas 10 Exolzin why Nazi propaganda wes effective in Creating a halted for Jews. or How was Nazi propaganda successful in Creating hatred for Jews? Explain. Ans, Nasi propaganda seas succesful in creating hatred for the Jews in different ways (A Nazis succesfully exploited the low postion of the Jews in medieval imes as there Was a traditional Christian hatred against the Jews. (Gi) The Jews were afluen, being mainly traders and ‘moneylenders. The economically shattered, unemployed German people easily developed hatred against them. (Gi) The Jews lived separately in marked areas called ghettos thus they became easy cargets. (ia) The Nazis introduced the hatred theory against the Jews from te very beginning of the child's school lif, so that they grew up with this hatred. (0) Nazi ideas were spread through visual images, posters slogans, leaflets, films etc. This propagands worked on the minds and emotions of the German people 1 Explain what role of women had in Nazi society. Return to Chapter 4 on the French Revolution, Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting the role of women in the two periods. Ans. Role of women in Nazi society was dominated by the principles of «male-dominated society. Hitler declared mother the most important citizen. But this was limited to only Aryan women who produced racially desirable children, otherwise they would be punished. Girls were taughe thar they had to became good mothers and maincain the purity of race. They must distance thernselves from Jews, look after the home and teach their children Naai values. Differences besween the French women and the Nazi women were (A In France women took an equal part in social political developments oftheir country, Many ‘women played important role in the French Revolution. But in Naoi Germany women could nog pat in democrat struggle as it was Lelie that it would destroy society. (i) Tn France mos ofthe women had wo wor a living along with their men. But in Nasi Getmany women were not allowed to work along wich men, (i) Women in France established their own political club and newspaper to express ther views. In Nazi Germany, no political clubs og organisations were allowed. (ie) In France both men and women were treated equally. [n Nazi Germany women were considered to be the bearers of the Aryan culture and race. (2) Th France womer could not be forced 10 m: against thciewill. They had the rights to choose their partners, Buc in Germany women had co maintain the purty of rac, they were not allowed to mix with the Jews ‘12 In what ways did the Nazi state seek to ‘establish total control over its people? or State three ways in which Nazi state established total control over its people. Ans, The Nasi state established total contrl avr is peple in the following ways 9 All politcal parties and trade unions were banned excepe che Nazi Parry and its allies. (ai) The state established total control over the economy, medis, army and judiciary. (it) Germany became almost a police state. Speci! surveillance forces, security Forces, secret state police (Gestape) were created to control the society (2) The Nari rule glorified war and chose che path of war as a way our of the economic crisis, (0) Hitler introduced a massive programme of nilitarisation to enhance the military power Germany and to restore its international honour and glory.Exam Practice Objective Type Questions Multiple Choice Questions 1 The Allied powers consisted of (a)UKend France —_() USSR and USA {c) Both (a) and (b) {d) None of these ‘Ans. (c) Both (a) and (b) 2 Germany, Italy and Japan were jointly known as {6) allied powers (6) axis powers (c) centralist powers: (d) None of these ‘Ans. (b) axis powers 3 Goebbels was the ... minister in Hitler's regime, fa)law (©) defence (c) propaganda (a) None of these Ans. (e) propaganda 4 What was/were the promise(s) given by Hitler? (0) To build a strong nation {b) Undo the injustice of the Versailles Treaty (c) Restore the dignity of the German people (@) All of the above Ants. (d) All of the above 5 What was the speciality of Nuremberg Rally? (a) It was held every year (b) It demonstrated Nazi power (c) It showed loyalty to Hitler {d) All of the above Ans. (d) All of the above 6 Nazi propaganda skilfully projected Hitler as. a (a) messiah (b) saviour (6) Both (a) and (6) —_—[d) None of these Ans. (c) Both (a) and (b) 7 Hitler's racism was borrowed from the views of (a) Charles Darwin (b) Herbert Spencer (c) John Locke {d) Both (a) and (b) Ans. (d) Boch (a) and (b) 8 Nazis wanted only a society of pure and healthy (a) Jews (b) Nordic German Aryans (c) citizens (4) None of these ‘Ans. (b) Nordic German Aryans 9 synagogue is the place of worship for people of (2) Buddhism (b) Jewisi faith (©) Christianity (d) None of these Ans. (b) Jewish faith 18 Who were regarded as the undesirable children Nazi period? (a) Jews (b) Physically handicapped {c) Gypsies (4) Allof the above Ans. (d) All of the above 11 Under the shadow of the Second World War, Germany had waged (@) a genocidal war (©) aguenila war Ans. (a) a genocidal wat 12 Find the incorrect option. (@) In 1920 Hitler joins the German Worker's Party (©) In 1922 Nazi Youth League was founded. (6) In 1933 the Enabling Act was passed {a) In 1941 Germany attacks USSR. ‘Ans. (a) In 1920 Hitler joins the German Worker's Party. (b) a civil war (a) None of these 13 Find the incorrect option. (a) Hitler's racism was borrowed from the ideas of Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer. (b) Mills idea of ‘Survival of the Fittest’ was accepted by Hitler. (c} The Jews were regarded as the arch-enemies of the Aryans. [@) Hitler believed that new territories had to be ecquire for settlement. Ans. (b) Mills idea of ‘Survival of the Fittest’ was accepted by Hider, 14 Which incident made Hitler furious? (a) German defeat in the First World War (0) The Versailles Treaty (c) Great Depression (a) Both (a) ard (b) Aus. (d) Boch (a) and (b) 15 Consider the following statement and point out the right one, " (a) Hitler was against the Versailles Treaty. (b) Hitler became Chancellor in 1930. (c} Hitler pulled out of the League of Nations in 1931, (d) Germany reoccupied Rhineland in 1934. ‘Ans, (a) Hitler was against the Versailles Treaty.EXAM PRACTICE 16 Consider the following statements and choose the right one. (a) From 1930 to 1938, the Nazis terrorised, Pauperised and segregated the Jews, (©) Jungvolk is the Nazi Youth Group for children below 14 years of age. (©) The Soviet Rea Amy inflicted a crushing and humiliating defeat on Germany at Berlin (@) In 1942, a Tripartite Pact was signed between Germany, Italy and Japan. Ans, (b) Jungvolk is the Nazi Youth Group for children below 14 years of age. VW Arrange in sequence. Gi Proclamation of the Weimar Republic (ti) Germany invaded the USSR (iii) Treaty of Versailles (alii, (0), i (iii — (a) if, Ans. (a) i, 18 (i) Mass murder of the Jews begins (ii) Germany invaded Poland Soviet troops Liberate Auschwitz (b) i 3 (a i, 4 19 (i) The famous Enabling Act was passed i) The Fire decree suspended civic rights (ii) Hitler was offered the Chancellorship fa) iii, iii (b) i, ii, il (6) ii, (a) ii Ans. (a) ii, i, i Match the Following 20 List List 11 ‘A. Great Depression 1. 1933, B. Hitler became Chancellor | 2. 1922 C_Nazi Youth League founded _|3. 1929-32 Codes ABC A BC 123 3 12 (21 3 @3 24 Ans, (b) 2 List List it ‘A. A German Parliament 1, Jungvolk B. Nazi Youth Groups for Children |2, Wall street C. Biggest Stock Exchange 3. Reichstag Codes ABC ABC 12 3 21 3 fy a 1 2 ()1 302 Ans. (c) =~ 22 List ust ‘A_Lebensraum Kiling on la 9e |. todestruct Ae B. Genocigat fz Become impoversh like working class C._ Proletarianism Codes nai ABC ABC fa) 3102 ot 2 3 () 21 3 (a) 203 4 Ans. (a) Picture Based Questions 23 What does the picture suggest? (a) Money is the God of Jews. (0) To earn money Jews commit the greatest crime. (c) Jews do not rest, until he becomes the king of money. (a) All of the above Ans. (d) All of the above 24 What do we know from this picture? {a) Classroom in Germany depicts a lesson 00 racial Anti-Semitism, (©) Classroom in Germany suggests the propet teaching process of German students {) The student explains the nurnerical numbers (d) None of the above ‘Ans. (a) Classtoom in Germany depicts a lesson 0% racial Anti-Semitism.mond he Rise of Hiller EEE 29 write about the incident took place in this fa) Jewish students are expelled from schoo {b) Jewish teacher and students are expelled from school {@ Racism is introduced in Nazi schoo! {g) Jewish teacher and Jewish people are expelled irom school under the jeers of Gorman classmates. ‘ans, (@ Jewish teacher and Jewish people are expelled from school under the jects of German classr 26 What does this picture depict? (61 Unemployed youth taking rest. 1) Unemployed persons sleeping on te Line ¢} Uneinployed person sleeping on the line. during the Great Depressions (3) None of the above 48. (©) Unemployed person sleeping on the line during the eat Depression, Filin the Blanks 27 Reichstag is the other name for ns. Gstman Patimnent 28 The bi Tre birth of bith of the Weimar Republic coincided 2 pent Fevolutionary uprising of {he vo... OF use ate™ at the Bolshevik Revolution In Sait League Ans, The Communist Party of Germany was founded by.. Correct and Rewrite 30 Ans. 3a Ans, Ans, Ans, 34 Ans. Ans. 36 Ans. Hiller was born in 1880. Hitler was born in 1889, In 1928 the Nazi Party became the largest party in Germany. In 1932 the Nazi Party became the largest party in Germany. ‘The Blue banners with the Swastika, the Nazi salute and the ritualised rounds of applause after the speeches were all common in Nazi meetings, The Red banners with the Swastika, che Nari salure and the rounds of applause after the speeches were all common in Nazi meetings. Between 1930 and 1945, the Nationel income of the USA Fell by half. Berweein 1929 and 1932, the National Income of the USA Fal by hal The famous Enabling Act established dictatorship in Eastern Europe. The famous Enabling Act established dicrarorship in Germany. In January 1942 Soviet troops liberate Auschwitz, In January 1945, Soviet troops liberate Auschwice ‘The Gypsies had been stereotyped as the killers of Christ and Usurers. The Jews had been stereoryped as the killers of Christ and Ustirers. Assertion/Reason 37 Anns. Assertion (A) Japan bombed the US naval base at Pearl Harbour Reason (R) The US entered the Second World War. Codes fa} Both A and R are truc and R is the correct explanation of A {b) Both A and R are true bu.t R is not the correct explanation of A (e) Ais true but, Ras false (@) Ais false but, Ris true (a) Both A and Rare true and R is the correet explanation of A EXAM PRACTICEAllinsone Social Science Cass, oo Oe EXAM PRACTICE 38 Assertion (A) Na2\ icleology was synonymous with Hitler's world view, Reason (R) Hitler was inspired hy the writings of Charles Darwin and Hesbert Spencer, fa) Both © and R are trie and Rs the correct explanation of A {b) Both A and R are tee bul, isnot the corect explanation of A {el As true bat, Ris folse (a) Ais false bu, Ris true Ans. (b) Both A and R are true bur, R is not the correct explanation of A. 39 Assertion (A) The German economy was the worst hit by the economic crisis Reason (R) By 1930, industrial production was reduced to 60 per cent of 1929 level. Codes (a) Both A and Rare truc and R is the correct explanation of A (b) Both A and Rare true but, R is not the correct explanation of A (6) Aistmee, but Ris false (0) Ais folse, but R is true Ans. (c) Ais truc, but R is false Very Short Answer Questions 40 Who was the propaganda minister of Hitler? Aus. Joseph Goebbels was a German politician and Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany from 1933 10 1945 41 What was the work entrusted to the International War Tribunal set-up in Nuremberg efter the war? Ans. Ie was set up to prosecite Nazi war criminals for crimes against peace and humanity, 42 How were the deputies of the Reichstag appointed? Ans. The deputies of the Reichstag were elected on the basis of Universal Adult Franchise. 43 Who were mockingly called ‘November criminals’? Ans. ‘Those whe suppored the Weimar Republic, msigy Socialists, Cacholics and Democrats, were mockin, Jovernber criminals’ ey called the 44 What was the symbol of Nazi Party? ‘Ans. ‘The red banners with Swastika became the symbol of Nazi Party. 45 When was Hitler offered Chancellorship of Germany and by whom? Ans. On 30th January, 193. collered the Chancellors the Cabinet of ministers, to Hitler. 46 Which was the most feared security farce of the Nazi stale? Aris. ‘The Gestapo (secret state police) was the most eared security force of the Nai 47 Which mové ol Hitler is said to be a historical blunder? Ang), Hitler attacking the Soviet Union in June, 1941 is said to be a historic blunder, 48 What does the term 'Genocidal War' refer to? ‘Ans. The term 'Genocidal War’ refers to the mass murder of selected groups of innocent civilians in Europeby Germany during che Second World War. 49 Which factors enabled the recast of Germany's political sysiem after the First World War? Ans, The factors which enabled the recast of German policy after the Firse World War were the defeat of Germany in the war and the abdication of the German emperor. 50 Name the author of the book ‘Third Reich of Dreams Ans. Charlotte Berade is the author of the book, ‘Third Reich of Dreams’. Short Answer (SA) Type Questions 1 State the verdict of the Nurembory TTibunal, Why did the Allies avoid harsh punishment on Germany? ‘Ans. ‘The Nuremberg Tribunal agsinst Geemany verdicted only eleven leading Nazis co death, athers were imp: of Nazis was less as compared to rhe beurality and crimes they had committed against the humanity Naris murdered a number of groups, like Jews, Gypsies, Polish, Undesirable Germans, ere. Millio of people were killed by the Nazis in various ki cenites of Auschvvitz, The Allies did not want to be as harsh on Germaty, Because they realised thae the rise of Hirler am Germany was the resute of the humiliation, Germany faced after the First World War.Nazism and the Rise of Hitler SS SE 2. Who were called as the 'November criminals"? Why were they targeted? Socialists, Catholics and Democrats who supported the Weimar Republic were called as ‘November Criminals’ as the Weimar Republic was started on November. The First World War and the Peace Treaty at Versailles had a great effect on Germany. Many Germans believed that the Weimar Republic was responsible for that which was established on November 9, 1918. The Weimar Republic carried the burden of war guilt and national humiliation, It was forced to pay the war compensation which shattered the economy of Germany. Ans. The supporters of Weimar Republic known as November Criminals were targeted by the conservative militant nationalists of Germany as the militant nationalist wanted a radical solution of the problem of Germany, which was not easily possible ‘The nationalists criticised them and made them responsible for the loss and national humiliation of Germany. 3 Explain the impact of the First World War on European society and polity. or State any three effects of the First World War over Europe. or First World War left deep imprint on European society and polity. Support the statement with three examples, or Describe the effect of First World War on European society. Ans, The effects or impacts of frst world war were as follows ( In society, soldiers were ranked higher than civilians. Trench life of the soldiers was glorified by the media, (G9 Politicians laid grear stress on the need for men to be aggressive and masculine, (ii) Ageressive war propaganda and national honour Dccupicd cencte stage in the publi sphere (it) People's support grew for the recently established dictatorships, () Democracy as a young and fragile idea could not survive in Europe berween the evo Work! ars, 4 Explain the impact on Germany because of ‘her refusal to pay war compensation in 1923. Ans. Impaci of refusal wo pay war compensation in 1923 on many were (9 France occupied its leading industeial area, Rube, which was tich in coal. (ii) Getmany retaliated with passive resistance and printed paper currency recklessly. With too much printed money in circulation, the value of the German mark fll drastically, causing the ptices of goods to soar. Eventually, the Americans helped Germany to recover from the crisis by reworking the terms of reparation to case the financial burden on Germans 5 What was the impact of the Great Depression on the US? Aus, The impact of the Great Depression on US were * Values of shares dropped drastically and the national income of che USA fell by half, + Hundreds of American banks, factories, mining companies and business firms went bankrupt. — * There was large scale unemployment, poverty and starvation in the country. + The effects ofthis fecession in the US econoray were fele worldwide. 6 What were the promises made by Hitler to people of Germany? or State any three promises made by Adolf Hitler to the German society. ‘Ans, Hitler made che fllowing promives (0) He promised to build Germany into a song nation, (i) He promised to undo the injustice and humiliation caused by the Treaty of Versslles and restore the dignity of the German people. (ii) He promised employment for those looking for work. (io) He promised. to secure the Furure of the youth. (0) He promised to remove all foreign influence an resist all foreign conspiracies aguinse Germany. 7 When was the Enabling Act passed in Germany? How did this act establish dictatorship of Hitler in Germany? On 3id March, 1933, che famous Enabling Act ee passed. This sce estublished dictatorship ix Germany in the following tears ; «+ Tegave Hitler all powers to sideline Parliament and rule by decree. . + All politcal parties and trade unions were banned ‘Geenuany, except thc Nazi Party and its afiates. The new state machinery under Hidler established complete control ever the Economy, Media, Army and Judiciary : + Exclusive surveillance and secucity forces like the SS, SD, Gestapo and criminal police were created to contra and maul society in the way thatthe Nazis wanted. EXAM PRACTICE