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Solved Problems

The document provides examples of operations on signed numbers and index laws. It asks to simplify expressions by replacing question marks with the appropriate symbols based on the index laws.

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VICTORIA OMEGA JARAMILLA
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© © All Rights Reserved
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126 views18 pages

Solved Problems

The document provides examples of operations on signed numbers and index laws. It asks to simplify expressions by replacing question marks with the appropriate symbols based on the index laws.

Uploaded by

VICTORIA OMEGA JARAMILLA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

OPERATIONS ON SIGNED NUMBERS:

Perform the following operations:

2. - 32 32 4. 23 32
1. 32 3. 32
+ - + -
+ +
- 23 23 - 32 23
23 - 23
- 55 9 -9 -9
55 9

5. 32 32 32 6. 32 32 7. - 32 - 32 32
- + - - + - + -
23 - 23 23 - 23 23 - 23 23 23
9 9 55 55 -9 -9 -9
9

INDEX LAWS
Replace each question mark with the appropriate symbol.

1. y 8 y 2 = y ? 3. (u 4 ) = u ? m8
3
2. y 9 = y 3 y ? 6. (uv ) = ?
7
7. m 6 =
= y 8+ 2 m?
= y 3+ ? =u
4(3)
= u 7v7
m8
=y 10
= y 3+ 6 = 2
= u12 m

x? x4 1 a5
8. x 3 = 9. = ? 10. =?
x4 x11
x a9
x7 1 1
= 9 -5
= 4 = 11- 4 a
x x
1
1 = 4
= 7 a
x

Simplify assuming n is restricted so that each exponent represent a positive integer.

(x y n+1 )
n 2
xn+2 u n +3v n
1. x5- n x n + 3 3. n 4. (x )
n +1 2
5. n +1 n + 4 6.
(5 - n )+ (n + 3) x u v x 2 n +1 y2 n
=x 2 (n +1)
= x n+ 2-n =x u n +3 v n
= n +1 n + 4 x 2 n y 2(n +1)
= x5- n + n + 3 2n+ 2 =
= x2 =x u v x 2 n +1 y2 n
= x8 1
= u(
n + 3)-(n +1)
x 2 n y 2n + 2
v (n + 4 )- n =
x 2 n +1 y2 n
n + 3 - n -1 1
=u x 2 n y2 n + 2
v n + 4- n =
x 2 n +1 y 2 n
1
= u2 1
v4 = (2 n +1 )- 2 n
y (2 n + 2 )- 2n
u2 x
= 4 1
v = 2 n +1- 2 n
y 2n+ 2-2n
x
1 2
= y
x
y2
=
x

xn y n
8.
(xy )
n -1

xn y n
=
x n -1 y n -1
= x n - (n -1) y n - (n -1)
= x n - n +1 y n - n +1
= xy

POLYNOMIALS:
1. 1 1
- +
x 3 - 3 x2 + 7 x + 4 - x 3 + 3 x2 - 7 x - 4
- x 3 + 3 x2 - 7 x - 3
2. 13a + 22b - 81c 10a - 20b + 35c 10a - 20b + 35c
+ - +
25a - 18b + c 38a + 4 b - 80c - 38a - 4b + 80c
38a + 4 b - 80c
- 28a - 24b + 115c

4. x 3 + 17 x2 + 36 x - 15 - 2 x 3 - 8x 2 + 79 x + 8 3 x3 - 81x 2 +179 x + 84 3 x 3 - 81x 2 +179 x + 84


+ + - +
3 x3 - 13 x + 33 5 x 3 - 73 x2 + 99 x + 76 4 x3 + 17 x2 + 23x + 18 - 4 x 3 - 17 x2 - 23 x - 18
4 x 3 + 17 x2 + 23 x + 18 3 x 3 - 81x 2 +179 x + 84 - x 3 - 98 x 2 + 156 x + 66

5a. - x3 + 2 x 2 - 4 x + 5 5b. 2 x 3 - x 2 y + y 3
- 2 x + 3x + 7
2
3 x 2 y - 4 xy 2 + 5 y 3
2 x - 4 x 4 + 8 x 3 - 10 x 2
5
6 x5 y - 3x 4 y 2 + 3x 2 y 4
- 3 x 4 + 6 x3 - 12 x 2 + 15 x - 8x4 y 2 + 4 x 3 y 3 - 4 xy 5
- 5 x y + 10 x 3 y 3
2 4
+ 5 y6
- 7 x 3 + 14 x2 - 28 x + 35
6 x 5 y - 11x 4 y 2 - 2 x 2 y 4 + 14 x 3 y 3 - 4 xy 5 + 5 y 6
2 x5 - 7 x 4 + 7 x 3 - 8 x 2 - 13 x + 35

-6 xy 3 - 7 y 4
5 x 2 + 2 xy +
4 x 3 - 3 x2 + 2 x + 5 x 2 - 3xy + 2 y 2
6a. 3 x - 4 12 x - 25x 3 + 18 x 2 + 7 x - 20
4
6b. x 2 - 3xy + 2 y 2 5 x 4 - 13 x 3 y + 4 x 2 y 2 - 2 xy 3 - 7 y 4
12 x 4 - 16 x 3 5 x 4 - 15 x 3 y + 10 x 2 y 2
- 9 x 3 + 18 x 2 2 x 3 y - 6 x 2 y 2 - 2 xy 3
- 9 x 3 + 12 x 2 2 x 3 y - 6 x 2 y 2 + 4 xy 3
6 x2 + 7 x - 6 xy 3 - 7 y 4
6 x2 -8 x
15 x - 20
15 x - 20

7. 8 x 2 - éë7 x - (x2 - x + 5 y )ùû + (2 x - 3 y ) { (


8. x (x - 4 ) + 8 3 x - 2 x é x + 5 y - 3 x + x - 2 ù
ë û )} 9a. a - 2b - 3c - 4d
= a - (2b + 3c + 4d )
= 8 x - éë 7 x - x + x - 5 y ùû + 2 x - 3 y { }
2 2
= x 2 - 4 x + 8 3 x - 2 x éë x + 5 y - (3 x + x - 2 )ùû
= 8x2 - 7 x + x2 - x + 5 y + 2 x - 3 y = x - 4 x + 8 {3 x - 2 x [x + 5 y - 3 x - x + 2]}
2

= 9x2 - 6x + 3 y
= x 2 - 4 x + 8 {3 x - 2 x 2 - 10 xy + 6 x 2 + 2 x 2 - 4 x}
= x 2 - 4 x + 24x - 16 x 2 - 80 xy + 48 x 2 + 16 x2 - 32 x
= 49 x 2 - 12 x - 80 xy

9b. m2 + n 2 + 3mn - 2 m - 4 n
= m 2 + n 2 - (-3mn + 2m + 4 n)

TYPES OF PRODUCTS:
1. 3x (2 x + 3 y ) = 6 x 2 + 9 xy 2. x 2 y (3 x3 - 2 y + 4 ) = 3x5 y - 2 x 2 y 2 + 4 x 2 y 3. (2 x + 3 y )(2 x - 3 y) (x + y )(x - y ) = x 2 - y2
let : x = 2 x, y = 3 y

(2 x + 3 y )(2 x - 3 y ) = (2 x ) - (3 y )
2 2
= 4x2 - 9 y 2
4. (3x + 5 y ) (x + y )
2
5. (7 x 2 - 2 xy )
2
= x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 2
(x - y )
2
= x 2 - 2 xy + y 2
let : x = 3 x, y = 5 y let : x = 7 x 2 , y = 2 xy

(3x + 5 y ) = (3x ) + 2 (3x )(5 y ) + (5 y )


2 2 2
(7 x - 2 xy ) = (7 x 2 ) - 2 (7 x 2 )(2 xy ) + (2 xy )
2 2 2 2

= 9 x 2 + 30 xy + 25 y 2 = 49 x 4 - 28 x 2 y + 4 x 2 y 2

6. (x + 3)(x + 5) (x + b)(x + d ) = x 2 + x (b + d ) + bd 8. (3x + 4 )(2 x - 3) (ax + b )(cx + d ) = acx2 + x (bc + ad ) + bd


let : x = x, b = 3, d = 5
let : a = 3, b = 4, c = 2, d = -3
(x + 3)(x + 5) = x 2 + x (3 + 5) + 3 (5) (3x + 4 )(2 x - 3) = (3)(2 ) x 2 + x éë 4 (2 ) + 3 (-3)ùû + 4 (-3)
= x + 8x + 15
2
= 6x 2 - x - 12

-12
6x 2

(3x + 4 )(2 x - 3) FOIL method


8x

-9x
9. (3x + 2)
3
(x + y )
3
= x 3 + 3x 2 y + 3xy 2 + y3 10. (2 y - 5)
3
(x - y )
3
= x 3 - 3x 2 y + 3xy 2 - y3
let : x = 3 x , y = 2 let : x = 2 y , y = 5
(3x + 2 ) = (3x ) + 3 (3x ) (2 ) + 3 (3x )(2 ) + (2 )
3 3 2 2 3

(2 y - 5) = (2 y ) - 3 (2 y ) (5 ) + 3 (2 y )(5 ) - (5 )
3 3 2 2 3

= 27 x + 54 x + 36 x + 8
3 2
= 8 y 3 - 60 y 2 + 150 y - 125

11. (2 x - y - 1)(2 x - y + 1)
12. (2 x + y + a - 3)
2

= ëé(2 x - y ) - 1ûù ëé(2 x - y ) +1ûù (x + y )(x - y ) = x 2 - y2 = éë(2 x + y ) + (a - 3)ùû


2
(x + y )
2
= x 2 + 2 xy + y 2
let : x = 2 x - y , y = 1
let : x = 2 x + y , y = a - 3
(2 x - y - 1)(2 x - y + 1) (2 x + y + a - 3)
2

= éë(2 x - y ) - 1ùû éë(2 x - y ) +1ùû


= éë(2 x + y ) + (a - 3)ùû
2

= (2 x - 1) - 12
2

= (2 x + y ) + 2 (2 x + y )(a - 3) + (a - 3)
2 2

= 4x2 - 4x + 1 -1
= 4 x 2 + 4 xy + y 2 + 2 (2ax - 6 x + ay - 3y ) + a 2 - 6a + 9
= 4x2 - 4x
= 4 x 2 + 4 xy + y 2 + 4ax - 12 x + 2ay - 6 y + a 2 - 6a + 9

13. (x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 )(x 2 - 2 xy + y 2 )

= éë(x 2 + y 2 )+ 2 xy ùû éë(x 2 + y 2 )- 2 xy ùû (x + y )(x - y ) = x 2 - y2


let : x = x 2 + y 2 , y = 2 xy

(x 2
+ 2 xy + y 2 )(x 2 - 2 xy + y 2 )

= éë(x 2 + y 2 )+ 2 xy ùû éë(x 2 + y 2 )- 2 xy ùû

= (x 2 + y 2 ) - (2 xy )
2 2

= (x 2 ) + 2 (x 2 )(y 2 )+ (y 2 ) - 4 x 2 y 2
2 2

= x4 + 2x2 y 2 + y 4 - 4x2 y 2
14. (2 x + y - z + 3)(2 x + y + z - 3)
= éë(2 x + y )- (z - 3)ùû éë(2 x + y ) + (z -3)ùû (x + y )(x - y ) = x 2 - y2
let : x = 2 x + y , y = z - 3
(2 x + y - z + 3)(2 x + y + z - 3)
= éë(2 x + y )- (z - 3)ùû éë(2 x + y ) + (z -3)ùû
= (2 x + y ) - (z - 3)
2 2

= (4 x 2 + 4 xy + y 2 )- (z 2 - 6 z + 9)
= 4 x 2 + 4 xy + y 2 - z 2 + 6 z - 9

PASCAL'S TRIANGLE:

(x + y) 0
=1
(x + y) 1
= x+ y
(x + y) 2 2
= x + 2 xy + y
2

(x + y) 3 3 2 2
= x + 3 x y + 3 xy + y
3

( x + y )4 = x 4 + 4 x3 y + 6 x 2 y 2 + 4 xy3 + y 4
( x + y )5 = x 5 + 5 x 4 y + 10 x3 y 2 + 10 x 2 y 3 + 5 xy 4 + y 5

BINOMIAL EXPANSION:
FACTORING METHODS
FACTORING BY INSPECTION

1. 2dy - y 3 + 8 y 2 = y (2d - y 2 + 8 y )

2. - 9t - t 3 - 5t 2 = -t (9 + t 2 + 5t )

FACTORING BY TRIAL AND ERROR METHOD


FACTORING BY GROUPING

LAWS ON RADICALS

FRACTION
ADDITION/SUBTRACTION OF FRACTIONS
FACTORING BY ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION
OF SUITABLE TERMS
MULTIPLICATION OF FRACTIONS

DIVISION OF FRACTIONS
COMPLEX FRACTION

LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO UNKNOWNS

LINEAR EQUATIONS
LINEAR EQUATION IN ONE UNKNOWN
SECOND SOLUTION: BY DETERMINANTS

LINEAR EQUATION IN 3 UNKNOWNS


QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

PARTIAL FRACTIONS
WORDED PROBLEMS:
WORK PROBLEMS:

Fractional part Fractional part of job


Total time Fractional part of
of job done in Joseph done in x
in days job in 2 days
1 day days
Joseph 5 1/5 2/5 x/5
Rene 8 1/8 1/4 -

Let x = part of the job left after 2 days.

NUMBER PROBLEMS
MIXTURE PROBLEMS

CONSECUTIVE INTEGER PROBLEMS

900 - x = 166.67

AGE PROBLEMS
CLOCK PROBLEMS

DIGIT PROBLEMS
PROGRESSIONS
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS INVOLVING QUADRATIC

ONE EQUATION LINEAR, ONE QUADRATIC

ALL TERMS INVOLVING UNKNOWNS OF SECOND


DEGREE

EQUATIONS LINEAR IN THE SQUARES OF


THE UNKNOWNS

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