The Internet
• The Internet is a global, interconnected
computer network in which every computer
connected to it can exchange data with any
other connected computer.
The Significance of the
Internet
• It’s the first mass medium that involves
computers and uses digitized data.
• It provides the potential for media
convergence, the unification of all media.
• It’s transforming how we communicate,
obtain information, learn, seek jobs, and
maintain professional growth.
• Businesses find it an indispensable tool for
their needs.
Slide 2
The Internet and Web:
What’s the Difference?
• The Internet is the physical connection of
millions of networks.
• The Web uses the Internet for its existence.
• The Web consists of hypertext embedded on
Web pages that are hosted on Web sites.
Slide 3
The Web Site
• A Web site is a
collection of related
Web documents that
are made available to
the public.
• The index page, or
home page, is the
first page of a Web
site.
• Web pages are
individual Web
documents.
Slide 4
The Hypertext Concept
• Hypertext is a way of presenting information so
that the order in which it’s read is left up to the
reader.
• Hyperlinks are underlined or highlighted words
that can be used to view another document or
Web page.
• Hypermedia refers to a link to multimedia, such as
music and movies.
• The Web is a distributed hypermedia system or a
system where the responsibility for creating
content is distributed among many people.
Slide 5
Web Browsers and Servers
• Web browsers display a Web document and
enable users to link to other Web pages.
• The first browsers were text-only.
• Mosaic was the first graphical browser.
• Web servers respond to the requests of
browsers. They find and send requested
resources back to the browser.
Slide 6
Web Addresses (URLs)
• Web addresses are an addressing system that
identifies where a Web resource is located.
• The uniform resource locator (URL) is the standard
used to identify Web resources.
• The URL consists of:
Protocol Server contains Path Resource
identifies the domain identifies the specifies the
the means name of the location of the filename of the
of access Web server document resource
Slide 7
How the Internet Works
• The Internet provides immediate and direct
contact with all computers on the network.
• All Internet computers have an Internet address (IP
address).
• Internet service providers (ISPs) sell subscriptions to
the public.
• Its interoperability feature enables access for all types
of computers.
• Large organizations maintain the Internet.
• Many private and public networks are linked together to
provide a worldwide networking system.
• Packet switching technology is used to transmit
data.
Slide 8
Internet Protocols
• Transmission control protocol (TCP) – A
standard that defines how one computer can
communicate and exchange data with another
computer on the Internet.
• Internet protocol (IP) – Defines the Internet’s
addressing scheme.
• IP address – Each computer connected to the
Internet is given an address composed of
numbers and periods. Example: 209.234.456.8
Slide 9
Domain Names
Doma
in
Name
• Domain Name System (DNS) – Enables users to type
names of Web sites and Web pages as well as IP
addresses. Example: www.hsnqp.com or 112.23.345.56
• Domain name registration – Enables individuals,
businesses, and organizations to register their Web sites
with InterNIC.
• The last part of the domain name gives the type of
organization that maintains the site. Examples: .com,
.net, .edu, and .gov.
Slide 10
Accessing the Internet and
Web
• You will need:
• A computer with an operating system, such as
Windows, MAC OS, or UNIX, that supports Internet
protocols
• Communications equipment such as a modem, ISDN
adapter, or Ethernet card
• An Internet service provider (ISP)
• Web browser software such as Internet Explorer or
Netscape Navigator
Slide 11
Accessing the Internet
• The Internet can be accessed in the following ways:
• Dial-up access with Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
• Cable and satellite access
• LAN access
Slide 12
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Your FTP Server
Computer
DOWNLOAD
UPLOAD
• FTP is a part of the Internet that enables client
computers to transfer files.
• Transferring files from an FTP site to the client is known
as downloading.
• Transferring files from the client to an FTP site is known
as uploading.
• Clients may store files on an FTP site’s server.
Slide 13
Usenet
• Usenet is the part of
the Internet which
enables users to
participate in
discussions and
newsgroups.
• Usenet newsgroups
are organized into
hierarchies (categories)
and subcategories.
• Subcategories include
Standard, Alt, Biz, and
Local newsgroups.
Slide 14
Finding Information on the
Web
• Ways to find information
on the Web:
• Browse or surf the Web –
This involves linking from
one Web page to another,
and so forth.
• Search the Web – This
method involves using
search engines to locate
Web pages with the
information you’re looking
for.
• Subject guides – Web
pages are grouped under
headings. Slide 15
