Final Exam Practice Set by Dr.

Modi Wetzler

1. A perfect cube of zirconium metal has a mass of 9. Which of those elements is least reactive?
176.04 g. If the density of zirconium metal is 6.52
g/cm3, what is the length in centimeters of one 10. Which of those elements would have the lowest
edge of this cube of zirconium metal? electronegativity?

11. Which element would have 5 d electrons in its 2+

The next 3 questions are about these three orbitals state?
A B C
12. The police officer goes: “I won’t write you a ticket
if you know how fast you were going to the correct
number of significant figures….”

2. Which orbital has an orbital momentum quantum

number, l, of 1?

3. For a non-hydrogenic atom, which of these orbitals

has the lowest energy in a given quantum level?

4. Which type of orbital is the last one to be filled

with electrons for manganese?

5. Please order the following ions in terms of

increasing ionic radii: K+, Be2+, S2-, F-.
A. 40 mph
B. 44 mph
6. Bromine has two major isotopes. One has 35
C. 44.2 mph
protons and 44 neutrons, and the other has 35
D. 50 mph
protons and 46 neutrons. What is the approximate
E. “I don’t know significant figures officer, but if
ratio of the two isotopes of bromine?
I give you half my beer can we forget about
the ticket?”
The next five questions all have the same possible
answers:
13. Chlorine has two major isotopes. One has an exact
A. Ca
atomic weight of 34.969 amu, and the other has an
B. Cr
exact atomic weight of 36.966 amu. What is the
C. Mn
exact abundance of 35Cl?
D. Se
E. Br
14. Which element has the highest electronegativity,
F. Kr
O, F, S, or Cl?
7. Which element has the valence electron
15. Which element has the lowest first ionization
configuration s1d5 as a neutral atom?
energy, IE1, Be, C, O, Mg, Si, or S?
8. Which element has the valence electron
configuration s2d10p5?

Final Exam Practice Set and Answer Key by Dr. Modi Wetzler
16. How many moles of Ca are in 123.45 g of
Ca3(PO4)2? (Molar mass of 310.18 g/mol)?
REST OF THIS COMING AFTER MY
17. How many atoms of oxygen are in 123.45 g of DAUGHTERS’ 3RD BIRTHDAY PARTY OF
Ca3(PO4)2? (Avogadro’s # is 6.0221x1023, molar THE WEEKEND! I’m not losing my mind….
mass of 310.18 g/mol)? YOU’RE losing your mind!

18. If calcium phosphate was water soluble (it’s not),

what would be the molarity of phosphate if 123.45
g of Ca3(PO4)2 are dissolved in 321 mL of water? Get started on this for now!
(Molar mass of 310.18 g/mol)?

19. If 123.45 g of Ca3(PO4)2 was heated so that all the

oxygen left as O2, what volume of gas would form
at STP (molar volume of a gas at STP is 22.4 L,
molar mass of calcium phosphate is 310.18
g/mol)?

20. What is the energy of a photon with a frequency of

1.23 x 1015 Hz (E = h⋅ν, h = 6.626 × 10−34 J⋅s)?

21. Magnesium has a work function 5.90 x 10-19 J.

What is its threshold frequency? (φ = h⋅ν0, and
h = 6.626 × 10−34 J⋅s)

22. Calcium has a threshold frequency of 7.01 x 1014

Hz. What wavelengths of light will kick an
electron out of calcium metal? (c = ν⋅λ and c =
2.998 × 108 m/s)

23. Which of these are ionic and which are covalent?

CaO, CO2, NaOH, N2O4, ClO3, KClO4.

24. Which of these molecules has exactly one lone pair

on the central atom: PCl3, XeF4, SO2, NI3, SF6?

25. What process do these two images represent

(moving from the left to the right)? Are they
exothermic or endothermic?

26. Please arrange these compounds in order of

increasing melting points: Na2S, NaF, NaCl, K2S.

Final Exam Practice Set and Answer Key by Dr. Modi Wetzler
Answer Key we’ll ever test you on). Noble gases don’t have
electronegativities.
1. 3 cm. Hint: 176.04/6.52 = 27 cm3. Cubic root of 15. Al. Hint: First ionization energy (loss of one
27 cm3 is 3 cm. electron to form Element+) increases to the top
2. C. Hint: it’s a p orbital. s orbitals (like B) have right of the periodic table (like electronegativity),
l=0, p orbitals have l=1, d orbitals (like A) have so Mg, Si, and S would do have lower IE1 than Be,
l=2. C, and O. Within the same row, the element on the
3. B. Hint: lowest to highest energy: s→p→d→f left would have the lowest IE1, so the answer is
4. A. Hint: Manganese, Mn, is an inner transition Mg. There are exceptions we generally like testing
metal, so its d orbitals are being filled. Don’t on in Tests 1, 2, and 3 but for the final we usually
confuse Manganese with Magnesium, Mg, for want you to know the overall trends.
which the answer would be B. 16. 1.19 moles. Hint: (123.45 g Ca3(PO4)2) / (310.18
5. Be2+, K+, F-, S2-. Hint: it’s just increasing charge. g/mol) * (3 mol Ca/1 mol Ca3(PO4)2)
There are additional details but you can’t be 17. 1.92 x 1024 atoms of oxygen. Hint: (123.45 g
expected to know those without looking them up in Ca3(PO4)2) / (310.18 g/mol) * (8 mole O/1 mole
a table, so all we’ll ask you about is increasing Ca3(PO4)2) * (6.0221 x 1023 atoms/mole)?
charge. 18. 2.48 M. Hint: (123.45 g Ca3(PO4)2) / (310.18
6. Approximately 1:1. Hint: 35+44=79, while g/mol) * (2 mole phosphate/mole Ca3(PO4)2) =
35+46=81. The atomic weight of bromine (from a 0.796 mole phosphate. “Dissolved” 321 mL of
periodic table, you’ll be given those on a test) is water (i.e., 0.321 L): 0.796 mole/0.321 L = 2.48 M.
very close to 80, which would result if 19. 35.6 L of O2. Hint: (123.45 g Ca3(PO4)2) / (310.18
approximately half the atoms were 79Br and half g/mol) * (4 mole of O2/mole Ca3(PO4)2) * (22.4
the atoms were 81Br. L/mole) = 35.6 L of O2.
7. B. Hint: we love testing on the exceptions with Ca3(PO4)2 → 4O2 (count the O atoms!)
these, and the exceptions to watch out for are Cr 20. 8.15 x 10-19 J. Hint: (1.23 x 1015 Hz) * (6.626 ×
and Cu. Sc: s2d1, Ti: s2d2, V: s2d3, Cr: s1d5, Mn: 10−34 J⋅s). Hz = s-1 so the units cancel out.
s2d5. Notice how chromium takes one s electron to 21. 8.90 x 1014 Hz. Hint: E = h⋅ν, so ν=E/h. Frequeny
have a filled d subshell? Copper does the same. = (5.90 x 10-19 J)/(6.626 × 10−34 J⋅s).
Watch out! 22. Any wavelength equal to or shorter than 428 nm.
8. E. Hint: p5 means you’re one away from a full Hint: c = ν⋅λ, so c/ν = λ.
noble gas, so it’s Br. (2.998 x 108 m/s) / (7.01 x 1014 s-1) * (109 nm/m) =
9. F. Hint: it’s a noble gas, so least reactive. 428 nm. The energy needed is equal or greater
10. A. Hint: Electronegativity increases across the than the work energy, and shorter wavelengths =
same row of the periodic table, so the lowest higher energy.
electronegativity would be the element furthest to 23. Covalent: CO2, N2O4, ClO3. Ionic: CaO, NaOH,
the left: Ca. KClO4. Hint: Only non-metals bound to nonmetals
11. C. Hint: Mn starts out s2d5. The first two electrons = covalent, i.e., CO2, N2O4, ClO3. All other
to be lost are from the s subshell, so Mn2+ is d5. combinations are ionic.
12. B. Hint: You can estimate one digit better than 24. PCl3, SO2, and NI3. Hint: you just gotta draw these
what the markings show. Better hint: if you’re bastards out.
gonna go with answer E at least have a friend 25. Top picture: evaporation/vaporization.
videotape it so we can all laugh at you on Clemson Endothermic (you hve to add heat to
Barstools. Call your dad for bail, not your mom. evaporate/boil/vaporize stuff). Bottom picture:
13. 75.7%. deposition, exothermic (you have to take heat out
Hint: (x)(34.969) + (1-x)(36.966) = 35.453 of a substance to condense or deposit it).
34.969x + 36.966 – 36.966x = 35.453 26. Lowest: NaCl < NaF < K2S < Na2S. Hint: higher
34.969x + 1.513 – 36.966x = 0 charges make the biggest difference, so K2S and
1.513 – 1.997x = 0 Na2S with their S2- win out over NaF and NaCl that
1.513 = 1.997x are all 1+ or 1-. Then for both comparisons the
0.757 = x smaller ions pack better and are harder to pull apart
14. F. Hint: electronegativity becomes higher to the (like is required to melt them).
top left of the periodic table, peaking at fluorine,
essentially no exceptions (certainly no exceptions
Final Exam Practice Set and Answer Key by Dr. Modi Wetzler