Word Problems for Section 2.

Solve the following word problems. Be sure to tell what restrictions can be placed on the parameters.

1. The accompanying figure shows the flow of downtown traffic in a certain city during rush
hours on a typical weekday. The arrows indicate the direction of traffic flow on each one–way
road, and the average number of vehicles entering and leaving each intersection per hour
appears beside each road. Fifth and Sixth Avenues can handle up to 2000 vehicles per hour
without causing congestion, whereas the maximum capacity of each of the two streets is 1000
vehicles per hour. The flow of traffic is controlled by traffic lights installed at each of the four
intersections.

(a) Set up the system of equations that would model this problem.
(b) Solve the system of equations and write the answer in parametric form. Place restrictions
on the parameter.
(c) Find two possible flow patters that would ensure that there is no traffic congestion.

4th st. 5th st.

500 350

1500
5th Av.
x 1200
w y

1400 z
6th Av.
1100

550 400

2. A farmer can buy four types of plant food. Each barrel of mix A contains 30 pounds of
phosphoric acid, 50 pounds of nitrogen, and 30 pounds of potash; each barrel of mix B
contains 30 pounds of phosphoric acid, 75 pounds of nitrogen, and 20 pounds of potash; each
barrel of mix C contains 30 pounds of phosphoric acid, 25 pounds of nitrogen, and 20 pounds
of potash; and each barrel of mix D contains 60 pounds of phosphoric acid, 25 pounds of
nitrogen, and 50 bounds of potash. soil test indicate that a particular field needs 900 pounds
of phosphoric acid, 750 pounds of nitrogen, and 700 pounds of potash. How many barrels of
each type of food should the farmer buy to supply the necessary nutrients for the field?

3. A chemical manufacturer wants to purchase a fleet of 24 railroad tank cars with a combined
carrying capacity of 250,000 gallons. Tank cars with three different carrying capacities are
available: 6,000 gallons, 8,000 gallons, and 18,000 gallons. How many of each type of tank
car should be purchased?
1. The system of equations was generated by the following thought: what goes into an intersec-
tion must come out of an intersection.
Definition of variables: System of equations:
x = average number of cars on 5th Av. x − w = 1000
y = average number of cars on 5th St. x − y = 850
z = average number of cars on 6th Av. y − z = −700
w = average number of cars on 4th St. z − w = 850

Initial matrix final matrix Parametric Solution:

   
1 0 0 -1 1000 1 0 0 -1 1000 x = 1000 + w
  rref   y = 150 + w
 1 -1 0 0 850   0 1 0 -1 150 
   
 0 1 -1 0 -700  →  0 0 1 -1 850  z = 850 + w
0 0 1 -1 850 0 0 0 0 0 w = any number

Since this is a word problem, we can place restrictions on the parameter. We know that all
of the variables must be greater than or equal to zero.
x≥0 y≥0 z≥0 w≥0
100 + w ≥ 0 150 + w ≥ 0 850 + w ≥ 0
w ≥ −1000 w ≥ −150 w ≥ −850

In addition we know that x and z can not be any larger than 2000 and y and w can not be
any larger than 1000.

x ≤ 2000 y ≤ 1000 z ≤ 2000 w ≤ 1000

100 + w ≤ 2000 150 + w ≤ 1000 850 + w ≤ 2000
w ≤ 1000 w ≤ 850 w ≤ 1150

When all of these restrictions are considered, we find that in order to have a valid solution,
we need the restriction on the parameter to be 0 ≤ w ≤ 850.

2. Definition of variables: System of equations:

x = number of barrels of mix A These can be written down by setting up a table.
y = number of barrels of mix B 30x + 30y + 30z + 60w = 900
z = number of barrels of mix C 50z + 75y + 25z + 25w = 750
w = number of barrels of mix D 30x + 20y + 20z + 50w = 700

Initial matrix final matrix Parametric Solution:

    x = 10 − w
30 30 30 60 900 1 0 0 1 10
  rref   y = −5 + w
 50 75 25 25 750   0 1 0 -1 -5 
→ z = 25 − 2w
30 20 20 50 700 0 0 1 2 25
w = any number

Now place restrictions on the parameter. Since we are not told a maximum number of barrels
that can be bought assume there is no limit. We know the number of barrels bought has to
be non-negative.
x≥0 y≥0 z≥0 w≥0
10 − w ≥ 0 −5 + w ≥ 0 25 − 2w ≥ 0
10 ≥ w w≥5 25 ≥ 2w
w ≤ 10 12.5 ≥ w
w ≤ 12.5
 The restriction on the parameter is that w must be an integer and 5 ≤ w ≤ 10 (i.e. w = 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10)

3. Definition of variables:
x = number of tank cars purchased with 6,000 gallon capacity
y = number of tank cars purchased with 8,000 gallon capacity
z = number of tank cars purchased with 18,000 gallon capacity

System of equations:
x + y + z = 24
6000x + 8000y + 18000z = 250000

Initial matrix and final matrix:

" # " #
1 1 1 24 rref 1 0 -5 -29
6000 8000 18000 250000 → 0 1 6 53

Parametric solution:
x = −29 + 5z
y = 53 − 6z
z = any number

Once again we can not buy a part of a tank car. So z must be an integer. We also know that
all of the variables must be greater than or equal to zero.
x≥0 y≥0 z≥0
−29 + 5z ≥ 0 53 − 6z ≥ 0
5z ≥ 29 53 ≥ 6z
z ≥ 5.8 53/6 ≥ z
z ≤ 53
6 ≈ 8.8333

In addition we know that the variables can not be any larger than 24
x ≤ 24 y ≤ 24 z ≤ 24
−29 + 5z ≤ 24 53 − 6z ≤ 24
5z ≤ 53 29 ≤ 6z
z ≤ 10.6 29/6 ≤ z
z ≥ 296 ≈ 4.8333

Taken all together, we find that z = 6, 7, 8.

This problem ends up having only three solutions.