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Tutorial1 QM

This document provides a tutorial on quantum mechanics. It contains 8 problems covering topics such as linear independence of vectors, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices, matrix representations of operators in different bases, commutation relations of operators, properties of vector spaces of functions, properties of Gaussian distributions, diagonalizing Hamiltonians, and applying the Gram-Schmidt procedure to orthonormalize functions. The problems progress from linear algebra concepts to applications in quantum mechanics.

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29 views2 pages

Tutorial1 QM

This document provides a tutorial on quantum mechanics. It contains 8 problems covering topics such as linear independence of vectors, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices, matrix representations of operators in different bases, commutation relations of operators, properties of vector spaces of functions, properties of Gaussian distributions, diagonalizing Hamiltonians, and applying the Gram-Schmidt procedure to orthonormalize functions. The problems progress from linear algebra concepts to applications in quantum mechanics.

Uploaded by

lifecrazy657
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Tutorial based on Basics of Quantum Mechanics

Quantum Mechanics
January, 2024
Tutorial:1
IIT Kharagpur, West Bengal
1. Find out whether the following vectors are linearly independent or not.
     
1 1 1
(a) |ψ⟩ = 1, |ϕ⟩ = −2 and |χ⟩ = 0
0 0 3
       
1 1 0 0
1 −2 −1 −1
(b) |ψ⟩ = 0, |ϕ⟩ =  0 , |χ⟩ =  1  and |ξ⟩ =  0 
      

1 0 −1 1
2. Find the Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors and rank of the following matrix, and also comment whether it is
Hermitian or Unitary?
   
1 0 0 1 0 0
 
0 0 1
1 i  1 i 
(a) 1 0 0, (b) 0 √2 − √2 , (c) 0 √2 √2 ,
 
i 1 i 1
0 1 0 0 √2 √
2
0 √2 √2

3. Consider a three-dimensional vector space spanned by an orthonormal basis |1⟩, |2⟩, |3⟩. |α⟩ and |β⟩ are
given by

|α⟩ = i |1⟩ − 2 |2⟩ − i |3⟩, |β⟩ = i |1⟩ + 2 |3⟩.


(a) Construct ⟨α| and ⟨β| in terms of the dual basis ⟨1| , ⟨2| , ⟨3|.
∗
(b) Find ⟨α|β⟩ and ⟨β|α⟩, and confirm that ⟨α|β⟩ = ⟨α|β⟩ .
(c) Find all nine matrix elements of the operator  ≡ |α⟩ ⟨β|, in this basis, and construct the matrix
A. Is it Hermitian?
4. Suppose we have an orthonormal set of basis {|i⟩}di=1 , and the operators X̂, and Ẑ are given by
X̂ |i⟩ = |i + 1(modulo d)⟩ , ∀i, and
√
2π −1
i
Ẑ |i⟩ = e d |i + 1(modulo d)⟩ , ∀i
(a) Find out the matrix form of X̂, and Ẑ for d = 2 and 3.
(b) Obtained (X̂ Ẑ) |i⟩ and (Ẑ X̂) |i⟩, and show that [X̂, Ẑ] ̸= 0.
(c) Find out the matrix form of (X̂ Ẑ), (Ẑ X̂) and [X̂, Ẑ] for d = 2.
(d) Can you identify the operators (matrices) X̂, Ẑ and (X̂ Ẑ)
5. Suppose F = {ψ(x), ϕ(x), ..., ξ(x)}, is a set of complex Square Integrable functions. such that
Z ∞
|ψ(x)|2 dx = |ψ|2
−∞

is finite, ∀ ψ(x) ∈ F, where |ψ| is the norm of ψ(x).


(a) Show that F, forms a vector space.
(b) If the inner product is defined as
Z ∞
(ψ, ϕ) = ψ(x)∗ ϕ(x)dx
−∞

Then show that it satisfies the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality


|(ψ, ϕ)|2 ≤ |ψ|2 |ϕ|2 .
6. Consider the Gaussian distribution
2
ρ(x) = Ae−λ(x−a)

where A, a, and λ are positive real constants.


(a) Normalize the distribution and find the value of A.
(b) Find ⟨x⟩, x2 , and σ.
(c) Sketch the graph of ρ(x).
7. The Hamiltonian for a certain three-level system is represented by the matrix
 
a 0 b
H = 0 c 0
b 0 a

(a) Find the eigenvalues and normalized eigenvectors.


(b) Check whether the eigenvectors are orthogonal or not.

8. Use the Gram-Schmidt procedure to orthonormalize the functions 1, x, x2 , and x3 , on the interval
−1 ≤ x ≤ 1.

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