ONIT-Y * Adjavenuy Matrix ws 0 0 0 CY — 0.0 0 0 0 O si M=[o 4.0 0 o 4d a 0.0 0 4 0 O 7 oo aq EEO nen DEeeTONer ene Iec. ei ro an Mx = © =¥ 12 i Ss — 4 * System js nirtHen ~ Lg in wolumn vewtor. ie Rivne. =z % It No change in _ ° aynamt HRen u's a" 3 idenbtby amare x. 5 B 12 re ae—— Adja Cony Mabstx 7 — o 4 i -— oppo tle 5/1 — M= a} Ve ve Ye 1 24g V3 O4 f 24/36 5 Mx = 9/86 }=¥ 6136 x If sum of column vettor ts 1, then be Stochastic Matrix. * Tf Sum of wlumn ¢ sum ot row is i then it % Doublj stochastic Matrix.“Classical Quantum Billiaro — { 4 a Yo. > vo. 4 - a 0 oa Oo: ve Ya + 8 A= oO mic Yo Ya 0 Pa ve wt Ve or 2 “ + Adjovenuy Mouvix a U OC _ a0 0 Yo Yo '0 7 M= | Yo 0 oO Yo Vo 0 ) Vo LO V2. Yo 0-4 “4 a V2 7 Mx = U2 =Y “7 [ Lo 4 —# r Vo 4 MY = © =x oO | ‘Ye _| | T+ behaves os ‘TOGGLE SKITTCN?, sine only two stores are Keeps repeatetinrg. C ‘ , 0 + 4 |\ elolalalC[O]o |e pov Oo 0 0 0 0 es) Va O 0 0 0 0 0 Oo V2 0 o 0 oO ° oO Oo B= [oor Veto, On O10) 0 Oo v3 0 Oi. 4d iol o 0 Oo “3 v3 O 0 i Oo 0 fy Oi; O M3900 110 ° dh : 0} HOO MB Vid 10. Go vo! ast ro 0 ao © ° o 0 07 o 0 0 oO 0 ©- 1h 0 B* B=B?= 0 0 O\1O24 oo 0 Vore¥g) O° 4+ 0 0.0 0 Veavs 9 0.4) o.00 0 Ys “73 Ya O ©O A OO V6 (OVS O1.05,/0 4 0 bvweo v8 0 0 o o 4 4 .| B® indicates probablittes of buuiets_posttto after two shols.eo “EO @1% gunshot : a 0 0 ty” sith BX = oO V6 @ 2 gunshot :- ~ 76 aud to tag efs- _ a "3 a nf Ve +. kle find B*. “| ve _ oar >| This t& stochasHe mahrix, but Not doubl “1 8tochastte ak buuets are not coming b k] “7 : U 7 #/) Quantum System + 7 >| Cr, Co at States , then | lCs+ Co [* € ler]®, Jes I* > Pi, Pa are probabltties, then Prt Po > Pi Or Po “| Prabal itty of oombtne States tn quantum sys ‘Lis due “to interference mhich may cancel addttton of 2 “complex nos. 7 2.4. i =é C1 = S58t 35 Co=-3-2i - Sy leytce [*= Loti? = (Je*aJ= (ve )*=5 1el* = U5%3+)*= ( V4) *= 3% tesit= (Jatta+ )*= (VB)*= 43 Ke can see that _| potea[* < 1ey/* on | ea |* _ Ll—+—__ [ Vve * Ve oO wl ntve tia OO [x | We 4 ~T Wa the of oO —_+ -_0 oO i- * oO oO =U -__] > Pp o4 0 o- —_| vut= rr,) —— Foo4i- ——*_kihnen we operate Unthary Matrix (U) on euieriny State, We get¥ next state. = U - 7 * Bub, pb we operate uUntta matrix (UV) 09 _ existing State one get prevtous tate. = =< - -er EO “Wa ‘Ne “Tl | r 0 4 1 Ax= | Wel =¥ ag Wa L Oo | BS aie 2 Tavs | 0 | = Quavtum stoke Ctuittal) o ro : buk, in cassteal pyObablutte Gysten TT we p72 4 Tl 0 T oO “Hr L ve _|7 ee oe age ° Sue : _ a ws X= o TA iia Wa No WE) ican 4 oO SYD Fe 4 _ 9 = VU ro O oO oo O 06 Wa oO 0 ° ° oO oo V2 0 0 oo oO Oo 0 P= ° TVG ° x oO 0 0 0 0 THe Oo 6 a 0 0 0 oO “lye TUNG oO. Oo 4d Oo Oo 0 cling ° 0 0 ao 1 0 te oO ° ° oa PIE)? B from class teal prvbabiity System ex, LTTEQuantum Mechanical cepeaentation. of partide 3 stem. _ —— —. \%0> a . -f 27, Normale tt. bacl IW>= 2 10> +42 14> Wo = efPazraiy O77 Pad To Normalue any functon , divide tf With u's word IPI = Jeo, yp = Jie ail = Jade) = 20 “« Normaltsecl (I>) = = aH =] Let us assume partide be at 4 point (Lo, X1, X2, x3) be /W>= [-3-i, -21, zl Calutose probabluy indin partide ak x2. f o| (acu LIW>= ~2b = (-B-i) lop + (-20) 14> +i 12> E + 2 13> Le J] : = Probably @ v2 = [Ca/?* ‘ eee ieslc Iw pt G8-2) (-3 40) + 2i(-22) ti + 2x2 S+i+4444q = S19 LI p>p= i Pimay= ji*) = 4 = 0.05 2S (73)* 44 | - | Let's assume particle is confined to [xe, x1, _%2, 3, x4, x5 J at state vector ts [2-%, ot, 1-i, i, ~2t,a]7 at posttton 2. 2 IW> =(2-t) 10> + 2014 + 4-2) L243 + C2 4S + 215s [>= Jeane +eicensc IDO) Fi) | 6-21) Coty tece) Ms] = 420 PCH Da Hele is, ttt" = G2) Ger) [Ler 20 20 SB I42 20 So eeNormalue |w>=[8-t, 2462, » isi, 2Qt4 Tt JlW>) = Jaot4 496+ agteG+ 0.09+ 24014169 + 445.04 = J737.84 = 24.153 Normaltsatton = 4 g-t 24153 a+ei | 4 -8t 0. 8+ 4-9t 13t 7 ait J Representatton of Qubit TVP= x lo>t pit 1W>= XN) + BID IW) = x Tit+ Bl oF ro 4 Ea Consider a partide Klhose Spin & descrtbeadl by | P>= 3-4t > + F+2t Iyd 1WS= 3-4 JI4S + 4-2 [o> pmo = lel? = (8-4 stai) Le rl® [3-4 (sta) + GF 2t) (21) PCXA)= 257 8&3Lee I¥>= Sil t>-2 ly, tnd probabithy 0 both 8ptns. : => ples) = 9 2 4 { Iaty 13 Paty) = 4 P(4q) = 4 az —_aF Transttton Ampittude = Inne prooluut of state Space gives as total to compute complex Numbe Knonin ag Transuvon Amplittude, whted taturn wtih enable us to determine how Itkely state of system changes from one s to the oth State. ty Fino transtrton amplttude from /¥> to 1b). ~| [>= Vz Paiy™ lo>= vz [t,-1q7 2. 2 > [t= fq both have nown = V2. FE are not normaltseal, firstly wie have} alts€ the Keb. >= 2 i _y Lo att AS the to no >= 4 E t wa Co Transtiton Amplirude = < bl W> = o7p = feta] -t ot te =| HH r E commutator Operator :- A and B are tuo masrix, tf AB=BA then ne —T they are commuteor. Lee Ya=f 4 -ty , Ye=f 2 2 _vertty Pia rod both are Herm uton , do they comm ure to amulttp!tcatton. Ss} br = 1o- Ws = fg Ts 2 : fe 7 am i +f We = 2 0 2 0 [ees peep et spe sy as, Y=, ¢ Wea OF ~ both ae @, are Hermttton. [mee Now, oe 2 O7>Pa2 -AtZ Same oy ty Tat 4 a pe ee af ce 4tt ia 4i 4 te $2 § @. are not commult to emul pitcat *| Expectatton value = “=O. is the hermttton operator, then | <2 19> = 1 <-2 VIPS = Reat Number | <-> y = Ol e> | G Expectatton value | beg. | peels aaa ana mn eer $= fe yu ed __expectatton value. = _Expectratton value= <-2)y =< oyip> | = (2y)t,y : Net Epa : Fr J , fee Ht L zd 3Y2 i | | - z ~ ae) = pase (Expetrarton volwe = [ 2 -3av2i 7] [ v2 J L 2 J] viet] arsVartance + Wary = {Cay (a))* (ay C2))> Mthere, . ee 4y (a) =o - £250 lee OS Pa “tq, I= [any find Vary bin a E vatla A(Q)= _2-<2S — K= (2H)TH (mw)=ra4a-t pT N@le 4 eS 3 T Jz i baa vert | <2>= PV2, -sletqf Ge 4 2 val Lethe d <2 2-25 = [2s oF Lo 2El r [ A(Q)= 2- +211) 7 af 4 ytef a] Ley rég O- + A SA® qo7 ° ajo at oO t Lo | d ! V3 6 - _ ei 4 100> + 11 — ]40) + 14> ai ale ; : 2 [ 100) -loS +1) | ~ VE