~" # Btks ¢ Qube =A bE fe & unio] tajormalton aes ing PS UNE of Entormation aes Org ~ 8 Halo dlimenstonal classical ystems ee __ _—2-hihen Ut comes +o Gubik, ir ts quantum —_—Printples govern the state of bt ____| => When one measure quantum bit, we néeolto © | deine olirection of measure mers iven by tho © 7 >). by rthogonat pasts |b», Ibs I >A qubtt canbe written as linear combination of basts veutors as >dolbo>t os Ibs> _T | = Probabltty of¢ being tn Ghate [bed & do* and __ that of” b> es Uda", | Tt tA Fino the probability of fioding ty7in 10> ¢ jay | FS+ Bi g | a J stake for var 7 BS Ptxid= lel? 7 Tel | | “| Norm of y= Jviv _ | 7 = [ [5-ai,-6t] [s+3iq | a Ce. J | 7 = J25+39+56 | | = 170Grd | So, togek physical state me solve ve Sait Gai) joy 61 145—to Qubte form PUloy> 53+ = a4 (Wav)* 0 PUD) = 6° = 36 GH)* 70 x Different Ways of denottag Qubtts ¢ some | properties = ; ae t b as a Jz 4 a) igen at pie y= i joy+ i ji) or bie UE Ne = 4 14>+ 14 10 Nz Nea | rs a Z J ean be given as la tii 4 c aS — (od>-t4> and 14)-1od C-t7yy J wa ve both ave different ace Jo -t4s 2 (Pq. ED i Uap Ve “ast od fe * 144 Daeg) J| OFLO which is in the tom of be =~ ao eye —— Go—for_terlslor product | A by Fe that compile can: whore: has which 78 in the bu B- 10> @ 11s ® |t>@ 10> | HE] Classical ‘ qa Gates which defines ‘the way | manipulating | bubs. 7 +| The bur rutu be represen red. ty column — mah i ¢ ix Bete fates by ™m %: _ | © _ . IN OUT IN our Oo 4 > i 6 Here NOT of lo> equine) to la> punal NOT of |4> equais 10>, Noma) f Sued > Coa oO } bu+ When ‘AND Gate wit operate on bet , tk wh ____ operate on eet ot bus given Py Tensor produth, as Ub has +ud~ tnpubs- | AND = 7 4) 4.4 oF PeOn awe 4 =" Av safe | A rc me) ° 1 B o| 4 1 : tfolfa4 | Yt av fe a ef at | i 0 oo | oR= to a4 rd ; @[NAND Gake | A Bloc o | o 4 ; A— - ol a4 1 | 8 ce alo 4 t | y tobe Oo Nanp= Nor AND=[ 0 4/4 a4 OF: [0 0 0 +o | “410 00 0at LiracA 6 c 0 ° 4 ° 4 o i{o|o a [4 ° + i ait? 1000 Consides a representation oR» (NOT®AND) — @ Draw a ckt for. @® Obtain matrix for tb =SIt ts a@ NOT and AND fnput for OR Gate. NOT = eee NOT@ AND= CLT f 2 14 oF io Lo oo 4 NOR: OR*NOT=[ 04 af 4 ° oof2f0 i 4 za =fo ooo 4 44g ‘JO O0O0o0 OO o°of 141 000 00 O00 19°90 0 [or x (NOT@ AND) = ies Oo 1 ~ bag K\O oO 4 Cin | Uerr Pago Ne a gues) Show thak NoT x AND * (NOT@ NOT) =0R ie =y NOT @ NoT = Oo 4 Oo 4 _ Sa tets o ce O.0 0 4 — [0 go 4 0 = If Osa oto __ + VA ay O paxo a 4} [___|_AND # (woT'@ NOT) = fis 4404/0 O21 of fd © 00 4 o1 Oo 0} im 130; 0 0 | a | =fo 4 +4 \ ‘ 1.909 00 = NOR Gate oo NOT* AND * (NOT @® NOT) = NOT* NOR Gate Hence _provéed. OR Gate Reversible Gates ~ controlled:- NOT Gate LeNoT Gate] : 6 | “yy 1x@ y> | x | y Jenotcx, y) t 0 ° ° 0 | 0 a ° i 1 o0%] Ali ° A et CNOT=10 iho HO Dd 4 HL oO Oo Offoud i t= xOy> 2 (OOSS gues eee CNOT Conor Cia, 2| wy I> Voe> | : y as \x@y> b 120 xOY >| Vy> >t Te fi > )= 1A, BD 1x lx oO ° ° 0 ° ° = S00 fa Tope Ss ii —t4 °° —™ “1 flo fa a} a{o | + et if. 4 } 4 4 Hoa Wy _ly> 1z> mn 1z@ (2y)> : x Y Zz [Ole eo olrty) | 2@ CxO vd) 0 oO ° ° ° ° 0 0 4 } 0 4 L108 a) 0 tokio, 1 ° et A 6 FT i” a 0 0 a: o |] 0o a [oo [:4 4 o.[| 14 4 i [oo 4 a 4 f i 4 1 2 4 oO |Oo 0o oO 4 © 0000 FREDKIN Gate Ix) kthen x= gee” 1x> ly Lzd> o/p (x) a) O/p cx) “2 19D (oomaent Iz> ¥ xHI I Wi 1 titiiig r10 60000 0 0 a Fred Ken © 40 0 0°0:0 0 a oo 40 00.0 O _ © oo 4 00 0 0 _ wi © 0001 0 0 0 0 0000 0 4 +0 | © 0 000 4 0 O lo 0000 0 0 4 _let us look at othew mahrices , these follo cl Matrices are Clas Paui's Mabtces. Urol? Lvid used for chansti 0 to 4 i=0. ae ‘ S=Tiog Ts 4 oj 4g Jy? rs e mm J ro alo used +0Y changtas State. CG 4) iS [paurr's x Gate Changes state rom toy to 11> ¢ l1> to loy x= pou yefpoc-tg ZEsete0 c a Ca) a hn x= fpo a4 Cy ood — XXSDWiPLPAULT's Zz Gate | Don't change 0, but converK 1 +o-4 | CG HADAMARD Gate Zef4 24 j 4 H= 4 a oe vz 1 -al ~Hioy= 1 10> #145) | Nz 2 “ Hld> = 4 Clo>- tay) Ve + I} qubu ts xlod+Bla>d => [3] 4p ete ve ba-pJ = 1 ( (etp) 19> + =p) >) VE