Data Analysis
This study applies quantitative research; thus, the researchers will use
several statistical tools/tests to interpret and analyze the data through the results.
For the problem of the demographic profile, they will use the frequency and
percentage since it will allow them to see the entire population conveniently and
determine the number of occurrences of their characteristics. Moreover, they will
use the mean and standard deviation for the problem of competencies to measure
the respondents' overall competencies in the care of clients and identify the
dispersion of data/them.
Additionally, they will use the T-Test to determine if there is a significant
difference between the competence of staff nurses when grouped according to sex
and educational attainment. Moreover, they will use it to know if there is a
significant difference between the answers of head nurses and staff nurses. The T-
test is suitable since it is an inferential statistic used to determine if there is a
significant difference between the means of two groups and how they are related
(Hayes, 2023). The author further added that it is also used for hypothesis testing
by using the t-statistic, the t-distribution values, and the degrees of freedom to
determine statistical significance. Apart from this, the researchers will use the
One-way ANOVA to identify if there is a significant difference between the
competence of staff nurses when grouped according to age and educational
attainment. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine
whether there are any statistically significant differences between the means of
three or more independent (unrelated) groups (Lund Research Ltd, 2018). The
author/organization also mentioned that it compares the means between the
groups the person is interested in and determines whether any of those means are
statistically significantly different.
The formula for the mean is as follows: The formula for the standard
x=
∑x deviation is as follows:
n
Whereas:
x=ratings /answers of the respondents
SD=
√
Whereas:
∑ (X −x)2
n−1
n=number of sample X =values∈the data set
n=number of sample
x=sample mean
The formula for the degree of freedom for the T-Test is as follows:
df =(n ¿ ¿ 1+ n2)−2 ¿
Whereas:
'
n1∧n2=two samples number of responses
The formula for the T-Test for Two Sample Mean is as follows:
x 1−x 2
t=
√[ ][ ]
2 2
( s 1) ( n1 −1 ) + ( s2 ) ( n2−1 ) 1 1
+
( n1 +n 2) −2 n1 n 2
Whereas:
'
n1∧n2=two samples number of responses
x 1∧x 2=mean of thetwo samples
s1∧s 2=standard deviation of thetwo samples
The formula for the Sum of Squares Between Groups (SSB) is as follows:
( ∑ A) +(∑ B) +(∑ C) ( ∑ A+ ∑ B+ ∑ C )
2 2 2 2
SSB= −
n N
Whereas:
A=Group A
B=Group B
C=Group C
N=no . of rows x no . of columns
n=no . of rows
The formula for the Total Sum of Squares (SST) is as follows:
( ∑ A+ ∑ B+ ∑ C )
2
SST =( ∑ A ) + ( ∑ B ) + ( ∑ C ) −
2 2 2
N
Whereas:
A=Group A
B=Group B
C=Group C
N=no . of rows x no . of columns
The formula for the Sum of Squares Within Groups (SWW) is as follows:
S W W =SST −SSB
Whereas:
SST =Total ∑ of Squares
SS B=∑ of Squares Between Groups
The formula for the degree of freedom for One-Way ANOVA is as follows:
df between=C−1
df within=N−C
df total =df between + df within
Whereas:
C=no . of columns
N=no . of rows x no . of columns
n=no . of rows
The formula for the Mean Squares is as follows:
SSB
MSB∨MS between =
df between
SSW
MSW ∨MS within=
df within
The formula for the F-computed value is as follows:
MS between
F computed value=
MS within
The indicator for the F-critical Value is as follows:
F critical value=df between , df within
Hayes, A. (2023, April 5). T-Test: What It Is With Multiple Formulas and When
To Use Them. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/t-
test.asp#:~:text=A%20t%2Dtest%20is%20an,flipping%20a%20coin
%20100%20times.
Lund Research Ltd. (2018). One-way ANOVA - An introduction to when you
should run this test and the test hypothesis | Laerd Statistics. Laerd
Statistics. https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/one-way-anova-
statistical-guide.php
