Pe nd Research methodology Questions Latest Research methodology MCQ Objective Questions & Ce PIPE ABA Rel ial Start Complete Exam Preparation Cee roe een oes es pera Download App sme. Case Question 1: View this Question Online > What is participant observation as a data collection method? 1. Tt looks at various definitions of participant observation, the historyjof its use, the purposes for which it is used, the stances of the observer, and when, what) and how to observe. 2. Itisa tool for collecting data about people, processes, and cultures in qualitative research. 3. the systematic desctiption of events, behaviours, and artefacts in the social setting chosen for study. i 4. Ibis a technique to observe all the participants in a group. Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: Itis a tool for collecting data about people, processes, and cultures in qualitative researchcoaching India’s Super Teachers for all govt. exams Under One Roof y [2 eee Pry Research methodology Question 1 Detailed Solution Key Points G + Qualitative Research Tool: Pa to collect data by actively e the study. + Data Collection about People, Processes, and Cultures: It involves collecting information about individuals (people), ongcing activities (processes), and the broader cultural context within a specific social setting, + Active Involvement of the Researcher: Researchers actively participate in the environment being studied, allowing for firsthand experiences and insights into the phenomena of interest. + Contextual Understanding: By being part of the setting, participant observation enables a deeper understanding of the social context, behaviors, and interactions than taditional observation methods. + Flexible and Adaptive: This method is flexible and adaptive, allowing researchers to adjust their focus, questions, and methods based on emerging insights during the observation process Pint observation is @ qualitative research method used ng and immersing the researcher in the natural context of Hence, the correct answer is option 2. ge ECE amet Bertier) Sela me (CM clues yr elt el) RCo er oto Daily Live oad Pegs Los caeers Cresies ro EyeToy D Download App Question 2: Which of the following statements correctly deScribes the role of standard deviation in research?, wet” 1. Standard deviation wor) eefoasinae the range within which the population mean is likely to fall. ep 2 ie SC son always indicates a mistake in data collection. , 3. Asmall standard deviation indicates that data points tend to be very close to the mean. 4. The standard deviation is not used in constructing confidence intervals. Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: A small standard deviation indicates that data points tend to be very close to the mean. Research methodology Question 2 Det -d Solution f The most accurate statement about the role of standard deviation in research is: C) A small standard deviation indicates that data points tend to be very close to the mean. © Key Points he rm, - + A) Standard deviation is only used to estimate the range within which the population mean is likely to fall: While standard deviation can be used'to,estimate confidence intervals around the mean, it also provides more information about the : ‘re of the data itself + B) A high standard deviation always indicatesa mistake in data collection: While a very high standard deviation might raise questio ithe'data or measurement method, it doesn't automatically indicate a mistake. Its important'to consider the context and expected variability within the specific field a ulation. = + D) The standard deviation igimor used in constructing confidence intervals: Standard deviation is actually a crucial elem structing confidence intervals for the population mean and other parameters. It provides information about the variability of the data, which is necessary to estimate the margin of error around the sample statistic. Therefore, the statement highlighting the relationship between a small standard deviation and data points being close to the mean accurately captures a key function of this measure in research. It indicates that the data is relatively homogeneous and clustered around the central tendency (mean). Remember, standard deviation is a versatile tool in research analysis. It helps us understand the distribution of date, identify potential outliers, and make informed inferences about the population based on the sample. Tee ane Ca) ROR Cea} es Practice Pec Diesel reset Gas etter Download App Question 3: View this Question Online > The importance of a cleat-and €oncise:research methodology section in a research paper is: 1. To display the'fesearcher's technical writing skills lain the step-by-step process followed by the researcher, allowing others to reproduce the study 3. To elaborate on the researcher's academic qualifications 4, To enhance the length and visual appeal of the research paper Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: To explain the step-by-step process followed by the researcher, allowing others to reproduce the study Research methodology Question 3 Detailed Solution The most accurate answer to the importance of a clear and concise research methodology section in a research paper is: B. To explain the step-by-step process followed by the researcher, allowing others to evaluate the validity and reproducibility of the study. © Key Points \ + A.To display the researcher's technical writing skills) While good writing is important, the primary purpose of the methodology section is'to inform, not showcase writing skills. * C. To elaborate on the researcher's academic qualifications: The researcher's qualifications are typically mentioned elsewh \¢ paperyand the methodology section should focus on the specific research conducted. + D. To enhance the length and visual appeal of the research paper: A good methodology section should be concise and clear, not simply add pages or visual elements.Sane ene Rates PU ee Y Sere Pe EMER: Sat Genes bpm ertee po Mer CREE Siete tnnte) Botan SOON Cpner Ee TEA pee ETERS Bs: research process, allowing readers to understand the choices made, evaluate the study's validity, and potentially replicate the research themselves. This transparency is crucial for scientific advancement and ensures the reliability of the findings presented in the paper. Awell-written methodology section is essential for any research paper, regardless of the field or audience. It allows readers to understand the foundation of the research and judge its credibility, ultimately contributing to the overall quality and impact of the work. India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Cecio a} ete Practice = j ard MasterCl Question Bank Download App Exc) Question 4: View this Question Online > Which of the following research methodologies is most closely associated with the positivist philosophical framework? 1. Grounded theory 2. Ethnography 3, . research 4, Phenomenological research Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: Experimental research Research methodology Question 4 Detailed Solution Correct Answer: 3) Experimental research © Key Points* Option 1: Grounded theory is a qualitative research methodology that involves generating theory from data. It is typically associated with constructivism, which emphasizes the subjective and contextual nature of knowledge. * Option 2: Ethnography is a qualitative research methodology that involves in-depth observation and study of a particular culture or group. It is also associated with constructivism and interpretivism, which emphasize the importance of understanding the meanings and interpretations of people in their own contexts. * Option 3: Experimental FRjBaxch is a quantitative research methodology that involves manipulating variables ns their effects under controlled conditions. Its closely aligned with positivism, whfeF emphasizes objective observation, empirical evidence, and hypothesis testing. + Option 4: Phenomenological research is a qualitative research methodology that focuses on understanding the lived experiences of individuals. It is associated with phenomenology, which emphasizes the subjective and experiential aspects of human consciousness. Therefore, experimental research, with its emphasis on manipulation, control, and hypothesis testing, is the most closely associated with the positivist philosophical framework. Sear) Ree eee AS Tamer CMC e ae Pea ios aac MasterClasses restos Gag ete Download App Question 5: View this Question Online > Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between qualitative and quantitative research? 1. Qualitative research is exploratory and inductive, while quantitative research is confirmatory and deductive. 2. Qualitative research emphasizes depth and understanding, while quantitative research focuses on breadth and generalization. 3. Qualitative research is primarilicon¢emedwith understanding individual experiences, while quantitative research is focused.on measuring and comparing variables. 4. Qualitative research is Subiective and value-laden. while quantitative research is obiective andneutral. oy nswer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: Qualitative research emphasizes depth and understanding, while quantitative research focuses on breadth and generalization. Research methodology Question 5 Det d Solution The correct answer is (2) Qualitative research emphasizes depth and understanding, while quantitative research focuses on breadth and generalization. © Key Points * Qualitative and quantitative research are two distinct approaches to conducting research that differ in their goals, methods, and outcomes. * Qualitative research is primarily concerned with gaining a deep and nuanced understanding of phenomena, exploring complex social and cultural issues, and uncovering the lived experiences of individuals or groups. It often utilizes open-ended methods such as interviews, observations, and focus groups to collect rich and detailed data. Qualitative research is inductive, meaning it generates hypotheses and theories from the data collected rather than testing pre-existing hypotheses. + Quantitative research, on the other hand, is focused on measuring and analyzing numerical data to draw generalizable conclusions about populations or phenomena. It employs structured methods such as surveys, experiments, and statistical analysis to collect and analyze quantitative date, Quantitative research is deductive, meaning it tests pre-existing hypotheses or theories using empirical data The statement (2) Qualitative research emphasizes depth and understanding, while quantitative research focuses on breadth and generalization. accurately captures the fundamental distinction between these two research approaches. Qualitative research seeks to delve into the intricacies of human experiences, emotions, and motivations, while quantitative research aims to quantify patterns, trends, and relationships among venieenO 2 of implifies their ing or refining existing of identifying new patterns qualitative research and the deductive nature of quantitative roles. Qualitative research can also be confirmatory in the theories, and quantitative research can be exploraton or relationships. Qualitative research is primarily concerned with understanding individual experiences, while quantitative research is focused on measuring and comparing variables. While this statement partially reflects the focus of qualitative research on individual experiences, it overlooks its ability to examine broader social and cultural phenomena. Quantitative research, while primarily focused on variables, can also involve studying individual experiences and behaviors,+ Qualitative research is subjective and value-laden, while quantitative research is objective and neutral. while qualitative research is inherently subjective due to the involvement of personal interpretation and researcher subjectivity, it can still produce rigorous and reliable findings. Quantitative research, while aiming for objectivity, is not entirely value- free, as the selection of variables, research questions, and analytical methods can reflect the researcher's values and perspectives. In essence, qualitative and quantitative research represent complementary approaches to understanding the world, each with its own strengths and limitations. Qualitative research provides in-depth insights into the complexities of human experiences, while quantitative research offers broader generalizations and statistical insights. The choice of research method depends on the specific research question, the type of data required, and the desired level of understanding. Top Research methodology MCQ Objective Questions & eee ec eo Start Complete Exam Preparation rae ond Pa ca scold Question Bank xtc) Download App ‘Question 6 View this Question Online > In which of the following research methods, manipulation and control of variables, and randomization of sample are two of the basic requirements? 1. Ex-post facto research 2. Descriptive research 3. Case study research 4. Experimental research Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4 : Experimental researchResearch methodology Question 6 “eye Research Description methods + An ex-post-facto the researcher attempts to trace an IEx-post eee ceeBag TS a eS aR Rete A ORT ID ie RD eae rag cw arene" he Re TT * The researcher has no direct control over the independent variable because it has occurred much researc! | prior to producing its effects. facto status of a given phenomenan. . IDescripfive + It determines the nature of a situation as it exists at the ‘ | time of the study. be + The aim is to describe “what exists” with respect to a variables or conditions ina situation. . researc! + Acase study is a deep, detailed, and ne of a social unit; « Itis a method of qualitative research; + It preserves wholeness of the units ie. itis an approach that views any social unit as a whole. * Ithelps to collect detailed information about the unit of study and gives clues to new ideas and further research. + As a tool of analysis, it helps to ascertain a number and Variety of traits, qualities, and habits confined to a particular instance. + The Case Study method shows the way to deepen our perception and sharpen insights to understand biographies. ICase Istudy research « Itis a systematic and scientific approach to research on establishing causal relationships + It is designed for establishing cause and effect relationships between two or more variables. * It investigates 2 hypothesis through experiments in a controlled environment where a variable is manipulated by the researcher and its impact is observed on the dependent variable. experinentg It tests the formulated hypothesis and uses the results to] perinental Generalize to a larger population. + Ithelps in establishing causal relationships among different events in the educational situation under controlled conditions + There are four essential characteristics of experimental research: 1. control 2. manipulation 3, observation and 4, replication esearch SR ABR Re lal RR eee oa PS ela Ooi) (CM Ciesla cela) Pea Ke Tac oer Creeiee ong Px) + To study and obtain information concerning the current fDownload App Question 7 View this Question Online > Which one of the following is the main feature of qualitative research? 1. Avoids positivist assumptions and data analysis 2. Subscribes to pre-existing.categories ~ 3. Collects datatin numerical form MB ee empirical method of data analysis Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1: Avoids positivist assumptions and data analysis Research methodology Question 7 Det led Solution Research is a systematic inquiry towards understanding 2 complex social phenomenon or a process. They are broadly categorized into qualitative and quantitative research. Based on the research problem, the selection of research methods by the researcher may vary. © Key Points Positivistic Research Paradigm: Aresearch paradigm is a research model or a perceptual orientation for conducting research that has been verified by the research community. + Emphasizes quantitative analysis over qualitative analysis a + Relies heavily on experimentation + Subscribes to pre-existing categories , + Hypotheses are put forward about the causal relation between phenomena + Empirical evidence is gathered and analysed that explains the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable Pe + Employs a deductive approach to analyse data + Collects numerical data » Important Points Features of Qual ive Research: act Plan asicicsirdt aaa testa reeliniaate te Mtl aaa re atc at eae Teese a Blac Ene tia ren mse nes:problem + Used qualitative methods of data collection such as interviews, focus groups, observation, etc. + The sample size is kept small + Believes in interpretivism paradigm and disregards the positivist assumptions and statistical data analysis + Inductive reasoning is employe where things are observed, a pattern is developed and then the theory is formed + The conclusions are descriptive rather than predictive. Hence, it is clear from the given points that qualitative research avoids positivist assumptions and data analysis. Cad India's #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Por eee iets ores RCC DR econo Download App Question 8 View this Question Online > Which of the following are the features of case study method? (A) Itis appreciative (8) Itis particularistic (Q tis descriptive (D) It is inductive (E) It is mechanical Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : 1. (A), (8), (O only 2. (8), (OQ, (O) only 3. O, Oy (E)only ~ 4. (A), (D). (& onlya een eee ‘OW) Option 2: (8), (C), (0) only Research methodology Question 8 Detailed Solution the most appropriate answer is (B), (C), (D) only. » \mportant Points Case study method: + The case study method is known for its particularistic approach, meaning it focuses on a specific case or situation. + It is also descriptive in nature, providing detailed information about the case. + The case study method is also considered to be inductive, as it involves drawing conclusions based on observations and evidence. Case study: + Acase ina case study research could be an individual, organization, or institution. + It is concerned with the in-depth study of a singular case (one person) from various possible angles for the sake of promoting his/her adjustment O * It is a qualitative research method that involves investigating a contemporary tesearch problem within its real-life context by making use of multiple sources of data + It seeks to explore an area regarding which there is little understanding or dge. background and the primary data collection methods employed conducting interviews. x eo Key Points G& The case study method in research is a qualitative that involves the in-depth examination of a specific case or situati used to gain a deeper understanding of a particular phenomenon. Some key points about th dy method include: + Particularistic: The case study m focuses on a specific case or situation, rather than trying to generalize to a larger population. + Descriptive: The case study provides a deteiled description of the case, including relevant background information, context, and relevant data. + Inductive: The case study method is inductive in nature, meaning that it involves drawing conclusions based on observations and evidence. + Flexible: The case study method is flexible, allowing the researcher to gather a wide range of data, including interviews, observations, and documents. + Multiple sources of evidence: The case study method often involves collecting data from multiple sources, including the subjects of the study, witnesses, and relevant documents. + Interpretive: The case study method requires an interpretive approach, as the researcher must analyze and interpret the data collected.Perera Ercan) Start Complete Exam Preparation CRD o Dm cect lien abe Pa acd Storey } Question Bank Priest Download App Question 9 View this Question Online > The term "research methodology" refers to 1. the methods used in data collection and’énalysis. 2. the rules for writing esearch report or paper. 3. the specifielmethods 6f study and analysis. 4 A... paradigms for data collection, analysis and interpretation. Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: the theoretical paradigms for data collection, analysis and interpretation. Research methodology Question 9 De led Solution Research methodology refers to the techniques used to find and analyze information for a study, ensuring that the results are valid and reliable and that they address the research objective. It is the theoretical paradigm for data collection, analysis, and interpretation Roscarch Methoacl log + Research methodology is a way of explaining how a researcher intends to carry out their research. . + It’sa logical, systematic plan to resolve a research problem: + A methodology details a researcher's approach to the research to ensure reliable, valid results that address their aims and objectives. + It encompasses what data they’re{going tolcollect and where from, as well as how it's being collected and analyzed. Therefore, the term “research dology" refers to the methods used in data collection andB aaaiti Link s For example, steps involved in research methodology by the researcher. + What data to collect (and what data to ignore) + Who to collect it from (in research, this is called “sampling design”) + How to collect it (this is called “data collection methods”) + How to analyze it (this is called “data analysis methods”) Pod S CER ARES Relay Start Complete Exam Preparation eee Palccaccs ets Ginn mice Poe Cresco Download App Question 10 View this Question Online > In which of the following research methods, process of hypothesis testing optimally safeguards the role of extraneous variables? 1. Expost Facto method 2. Experimental method 3. Historical method 4. Descriptive survey method Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: Experimental methodra eee ecu) Start Complete Exam Preparation alee: (ie) Prztice Pear Dos cope Download App Cresieacg Prete) Question 11 Match List I with List II: List 1 List 1 Type of validity Reflection ace Validity Indicates the extent to which the| © t vali ) Span one: @ easurement is used OR aE as View this Question Online >‘ompares a new test to an Fansite (1b iready established test. he extent to which a score on a D) Predictive (1) keale forecasts scores on same riterion measure Choose the correct answer from the options given below : 2 (A) - ©, (8) - @, (© - GD, (0) - dy) 2. (A) - ©), (8) - MD), (©)- OY), ©)-O 3. (A) - GD, (B) - AV), () - ©, (0) - 4A-O08)-@0-@,0-™ Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: (A) - (0, (B) - (I), () - @), (D) - av)& ee anu Re iilay Pela MCMC ima ele le Lied) i ) Bally Live ones Pac Poetry Download App Cor otQuestion 12 View this Question Online > Creating purpose statements, research questions and hypotheses that are narrow and measurable would mark the characteristic features of which research type? 1. Narrative research 2. Ethnographic research 3. Grounded theory research 4, Experimental research Answer (Detailed Solution Option 4 : Experimental researchee reer) Start Complete Exam Preparation Wei coed Mca ier Eee a Ga BCR oon Download App Question 13 View this Question Online > Identify the main features of qualitative research from the following : (A) Itis concerned with understanding the phenomena from the participant's perspective. (®) It assumes that there are social facts with a single objective reality (Q Researcher becomes immersed in the situation, present or past. (D) Researcher is detached from the study to avoid bias. (© There is greeter flexibility in both the methods and research process. Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 1. (A), (©) and (£) only 2. (A), (8) and (C) only 3. (8), (C) and (D) only 4, (Q), (D) and (E) only Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : (A), (C) and (E) onlyCa India’s #1 Learning Platform ec ar c cs Start Complete Exam Preparation Cayo eed Panos cia cl resid Gage Download App ‘Question 14 View this Question Online > In which of the following, there is greater flexibility in both the methods and process of research? 1. Ethnography and phenomenology 2. Descriptive survey and impact studies 3. Experimental and observation based studies4. Expost facto and historical studies Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1: Ethnography and phenomenologyIndia's #1 Learning Platform ORG RR nostri Start Complete Exam Preparation Teed (im) Practice Dao aca eco resid Err Jownload App Question 15 View this Question Online >Which of the following methods is used in empirical researches ? 1. Inductive method 2. Deductive method 3. Initiative method 4. Scientific method Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: Scientific method