MODULE 1

LESSON 1.1 SECURITY IN GENERAL

Concept

A. DEFINITION

SECURITY is defined as the state or quality of being secured, freedom from fear or
danger, assurance, or certainty. To secure is to make safe or be protected.

In relation to this subject, security can also be defined as:

1. state or feeling of safety: the state or feeling of being safe and protected;

2. freedom from worry about possible loss: the assurance that something of value
will not be taken away;

3. something giving assurance: something that provides a sense of protection against

loss, attack, or harm;

4. safety: protection against attack from without or subversion from within;

5. precautions to maintain safety: precautions taken to keep somebody or something

safe from crime, attack, or danger; and

6. guards: people or an organization entrusted with the job of protecting somebody or

something, especially a building or institution, against crime.

With the above definitions, security can be summed up as any measures taken to keep
an individual or group from dangers or hazards that may cause harm, injury, loss of life,
and or loss or damage to property.

B. NECESSITY OF SECURITY

Security measures are inevitable or necessary for the attainment of the goals and
objectives of a certain individual, group or organization. It follows that when an
individual or organization is exposed to hazards, their productivity is adversely affected.

The economic growth of the Philippines for instance moving at a turtle-pace because of
the impending internal and external threats. Internal threats include but not limited
communist aggressions, the Muslim separatists, the extreme rightists such as the threat
of military takeover of the government; and the restless mass actions like strikes and
protests by civil organizations. External threats include the country’s incapability to
defend itself in case of war. All of these threats if not deterred or reduced, will bring
political instability which surely hampers the economy of the country.

Conversely, among business enterprises, their productivity is restrained if the hazards

surrounding their personnel properties, and operation are not eliminated or controlled.
C. THE ROLE OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP AND OTHER
GOVERNMENT LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES

Industrial security is an indispensable part of the Philippine economy because it

serves as a partner of Law Enforcement Agencies in the country such as the PNP. With
its doubtless significance, the PNP takes responsibilities in the supervision, control and
training, and operations of security agencies and in the issuance of license to operate
and the license to practice the security profession.

In addition to this, the PNP and other government law enforcement agencies serve as
the immediate law enforcement agency which assist security guards and security
agencies in the performance of their security functions such as accepting and processing
crime reports submitted by the private security agency.

D. HAZARDS

Hazards refer to conditions that may cause damage to property, injury, or loss of life. It
is also defined as “exposure t the chance of loss or injury. Hazards are caused either by
nature or by man himself (comprehensive discussion on this topic will be done in a
separate later lesson).

The role of security is to prevent or stop these hazards in causing unintentional or

intentional damage to property, injury or loss of life. Various measures are designed to
counter-attack natural and man-made hazards, (these are discussed in a specific later
lesson).

E. R.A. 5487 – Considering the significance of providing security to industries, the

Philippine legislative body enacted this Act governing the organization and management
of private security agency, company guard forces and government security forces.

MODULE 1

LESSON 1.2 FUNDAMENTALS OF INDUSTRIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT

Concept

A. DEFINITION

1. Industry - The term denotes "carnest or constan application to work or business,"

or "a special branch productive work, or the capital or workers employed in it

2. Industrial - This is defined as "pertaining to or engaged industry. The word industrial

may also mean: of industry or relating to, used in, or created by industry; and/or
industry's workforce or relating to or involving workers in industry.

3. Security - As discussed earlier, this term means "the state or quality of being secured,
freedom from fear danger, assurance, or certainty."
4. Management - This term means the "skillful use of mea to accomplish a purpose.
Management can also defined as "the planning, deciding, or exercising of control and
supervision on some functions of the organization.

5. Industrial Security - The term may mean: security measures applied to business
industries; or the business of providing security and protection to private individual,
business enterprises, or government and non-government industries.

6. Industrial Security Management - With the preceding discussions, Industrial

Security Management could defined as "the skillful handling of the security and safe
measures of business enterprises and industrial establishments."

B. SECURITY AND SAFETY MEASURES

The security of any business establishment today is complex process. Security work
involves active and passive measures so those effective defenses can be establish against
crimes.

Active measures are the physical barriers, security lightings, safes and vaults, locks
and other devices an gadgets designed to detect and impede hazards. On the other hand,
passive measures are those that will deter man from committing such acts for fear of
being caught, or charged in court or get dismissed. Security education programs,
security investigation, fire prevention seminars, safety drills, and personal security
checks are examples of passive measures.

C. TYPES OF SECURITY

In the field of industrial security, various types of security are applied depending on the
installation and the security needs of the installation. The types of security are the
following:

1. Physical Security - It is the broadest branch of security which is concerned with the
physical measures adopted to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, facilities,
materials, and documents, and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage damage
and theft. Physical security covers other types of security to protect equipment,
documents, facilities and materials against theft damage, sabotage or espionage. It also
encompasses protection of personnel from any criminal act. (Note: Physical Security is
comprehensively discussed in a specific lesson at the latter part of this book.)

2. Communication Security - It is the protection resulting from the application of

various measures that prevent or delay the enemy or unauthorized persons in gaining
information through the communication system. This includes:

a. Transmission Security - A component of communications security that results from

all measures designed to protect transmission from the interception, traffic analysis, and
imitative deception.
b. Cryptographic Security - Result from the provisions of technically sound crypto-
systems and their proper use.

c. Physical Security - Providing of safeguards to equipment and materials from access

by unauthorized persons.

3. Hotel Security - It refers to the protection of assets, guests, personal effects and other
properties in hotels, inns, and other similar establishments.

4. Bank Security – A specialized type of physical security protecting the assets,

personnel, and operation of a bans with special emphasis on the precaution and
measures to safeguard the cash and assets while the storage, transit, and during
transaction.

5. Document Security – It is the physical security involving the protection of

documents and classified papers from loss access by unauthorized persons, damage,
theft an compromise through disclosure.

6. Personal Security - This involves the protection personnel especially ranking

officials from any harm, kidnap, and other acts. Very Important People (VIP) security is a
type of personal security.

7. Crises Security – This is a part of VIP security involved in hostage and kidnapping of
VIPs.

8. Industrial Security – This is a type of security applied business groups engaged in

industries like manufacturing assembling research and development, processing
warehousing and even agriculture. It is a form of physical security involving industrial
plants and business enterprises where the personnel, processes, properties and
operations are safeguards. Use of protective barriers, an security lighting, personnel
movement control, lock an key management, guard forces, communications and
electronic hardware are essential aside from fire prevention and control programs,
emergency plans, industrial safety, and security education programs.

9. Operational Security – This is a type of security that deal primarily with the
protection of processes, formula, patents and other industrial and manufacturing
activities from espionage, infiltration, loss, compromise, or photocopying.

10. Other Special Types of Security:

a. Air Cargo Security – This is applied to minimize, if not prevent, losses of cargo
during in transit, storage or transfer.
b. School Security - This is applied in response to the increase of violent crimes
committed against students and school personnel, and school properties.

c. Supermarket Security - This is applied in response to the mushrooming of

bazaars, marts, super mails, and the like.
 d. Personnel Security - This is involved in the background checks of individuals
commensurate with the security requirements of their work. This also includes
measures designed to protect employees of an organization or business establishment.

D. MAJOR DIVISIONS OF INDUSTRIAL SECURITY

In providing security and protection to industrial establishments, security and

protective measures are focused on the following major divisions:

1. Physical Security - As discussed earlier, this is the broadest type of security. As a

major division of industrial security, it can be defined as those measures taken to
prevent physical access or entry to an installation or area by unauthorized personnel.

2. Personnel Security - As described earlier, this division of security is applied to check

the background of persons as well as the protection of company personnel against
potential harmful acts or conditions.

3. Document and Information Security - This includes every measures designed to

safeguard company documents from unintentional or intentional harmful acts or against
unauthorized disclosure of the information contained therein.

MULTIPLE CHOICE, CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER AND WRITE IT IN A

CROSSWISE YELLOW PAPER

1. What is the state or quality of being secured or freedom from fear on danger?

a. liberty c. protection

b. security d. dangerless

2. Who among the following refers to a group of people or organization entrusted with
the job of protecting somebody or something, especially a building or institution, against
crime?

a. protectors b. guards

3. Which among the followings are conditions or acts that may cause damage to
property, injury, or loss of life?

a. hazards c. danger

b risks d. warning

4. Who prevents or stops hazards in causing unintentional or intentional damage to

property, Injury or loss of life?

a. managers c. security

b. administrator d. agencies
5. Which of the followings does not describe security?

a state or feeling of safety c. freedom from worry about loss

b. security hazards d. something giving assurance

6. What is the act governing the organization and management of private security
agency. company guard forces?

a. RA. 8551 c. R.A. 8553

b. R.A. 6975 d. R.A. 5487

7. All are major division of security, except:

a. physical security c. document/information security

b. personnel security d. communication security

8. What law gives the PHP the responsibilities in supervision, control and training,
operations of security agencies and in the issuance of license to practice the security
profession?

a. R.A. 8551 c. R.A. 8553

b. R.A. 6975 d. R.A. 5487

9. What is the skillful handling of security and safety measures of business enterprises
and Industrial establishment?

a security operation c. security agency

b. company security force d. security business

10. Which of the following are causes of hazard?

a. nature and man c. animal and calamities

b. nature and animal d. volcano and typhoon

MODULE 1

LESSON 1.3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SECURITY

Concept

A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SECURITY

Many thousand years ago, some form of law and consequently some form of
enforcement can be traced back t the dawn of civilization. Four thousand years before
the birth of Christ in the Nile, Valley, man knew law enforcement which is security. The
Chinese, the
Greeks, the Hebrews, the Persians and the Roman empires are replete with historical
background of security.

In the Christian era or after the birth of Christ, the watchman, forerunner of the security
guard was known in the old Testaments.

Security or law enforcement more often than not appeared to be military troops. During
the time that the countries were governed by royal families, military bodyguards or
guardsmen, picked from the elite troops comprised of the household troops assigned to
Royal Families. Famous among them are the Praetorian Guards of Ancient Rome and
the Mameluks of Egypt. Today, the only remaining are the Swiss Guards at the Vatican
Rome.

During the Age of Feudalism, the Anglo-Saxons brought with them to England
organizations made up of individuals to protect civil and military groups. The formal
system of security during the middle ages follows largely the refinements of existing
practices. The Anglo-Saxons (Angels, the Saxons and the Jules from Germany, for six
hundred years (450-1066) consolidated England under a single ruler. They brought with
them a stable structure and a fairly legal system. The basic ties of society were kinship
and the voluntary association between lord and man Kinship was the bond on which the
individual depended for security and mutual aid in all his affairs. Between lord and man
the fact was bilateral. In return for such relationship mar provided the lord with
weapons, horses, land and treasures and gave total unswerving loyalty. The system of
social structure was known as the "frank-pledge"; groups of ten householders were
considered a unit called "tithing", ten tithing constituted the police organization in
criminal matters. During these times the Anglo-Saxons in the exercise of law used the
oath or the ordeal for a system or justice. Failure to appear before the court to answer a
charge made one an outlaw.

In the history of England, the Norman period (1066-1199) administered by William of

Normandy brought about such personality as "shire reeves" whose duties are directed
toward preservation of peace and order within their jurisdiction. Under the rule of
Henry II, known as the "Law Giver", he established a truth between those crimes. Henry
II has initiated the rule of law as distinct from the more arbitrary judgments of the
Normans. The Assize of Clarendon in 1166 provided the origin of trial by jury. After the
Norman period, in 1215 the "Magna Carta" was signed. It established the "principle of
due process" by stating that no freeman could be arrested, imprisoned, deprived of his
property, outlawed or exiled or "in any way destroyed except by legal judgment of his
peers or by the law of the land". It established the important principle that everyone
including the king is subject to law. It was at that time that a central court system was
established where in such institutions and courts like the coroners, Justice of the Peace,
Chancery courts, the Privy Councils were established.
In 1748, author and magistrate Henry Fielding proposed a permanent, professional and
adequately paid security force. His most valuable contribution was the "Foot Patrol" to
make the streets safe and mounted patrol for the highways.

The Industrial Revolution during the later half of the 18th Century began to gather
momentum. The time people flocked to the cities lured by promises of work and wages.
The crowding of the cities with the influx of wealth seeker brought theory, crimes of
violence and juvenile delinquencies. Then came the "Laisses Faire" which contended
that labor was the source of wealth; and it was by freedom of labor, that public wealth
would best be promoted. Crime rates spiraled the response to high crimes brought
citizens to resort to carrying of firearms for protection and they continued to band
together to hire special police to protect homes and properties. This was the beginning
of private security.