Maharaja Education Trust ©
MIT First Grade College MEI:
Department of Computer Applications g
REVOLUTION
Industrial Suburb, Manandavadi Road, Mysuru -570008, www.mitfgc.in
Affiliated to University of Mysore, Accredited by NAAC with *A” Grade, ISO 9001-2015 Certified Institution
VISION OF THE INSTITUTE
Empower the individuals and society at large through educational excellence; se
for a life dedicated to the service of fellow human beings and mother land.
MISSION OF THE INSTITUTE
To impact holistic education that enables the students to become socially responsive and
useful, with roots firm on traditional and cultural values; and to hone their skills to accept
challenges and respond to opportunities in a global scenario.
Lecture Notes on: R PROGRAMMING LAB
Course Code: BCADSC14-LAB
Contact Hours: 04 hrs per week
Formative Assessment Marks: 25
Summative Exam Marks: 25
Exam Duration: 03hrs
Overview
The following program problematic comprises of R programming basics and application of
several Statistical Techniques using it, The module aims to provide exposure in terms of
Statistical Analysis, Hypothesis Testing, Regression and Correlation using R. programming
language.
Learning Objectives
The objective of this Laboratory to make students exercise the fundamentals of statistical
analysis in environment. They would be able to analysis data for the purpose of exploration
using Descriptive and Inferential Statistics. Students will understand Probability and Sampling
Distributions and learn the creative application of Linear Regression in multivariate context for
predictive purpose.
Prepared by: Asst. Prof. Suhas B Raj
Department: Computer Applications 10.
Course Outcomes:
Install, Code and Use R Programming Language in R Studio IDE to perform basic tasks
on Vectors, Matrices and Data frames. Explore fundamentals of statistical analysis in R
environment.
Describe key terminologies, concepts and techniques employed in Statistical Analysis.
Define Calculate, Implement Probability and Probability Distributions to solve a wide
variety of problems.
Conduct and interpret a variety of Hypothesis Tests to aid Decision Making,
Understand, Analyze, and Interpret Correlation Probability and Regression to analyze the
underlying relationships between different variables
List of Experiments
Write a R program for different types of data structures in R.
Write a R program that include variables, constants, data types
Write a R program that include different operators, control structures, default values for
arguments, returning complex objects.
Write a R program for quick sort implementation, binary search tree.
Write aR program for calculating cumulative sums, and products minima maxima and
calculus.
Write a R program for finding stationary distribution of markanov chains
Write a R program that include linear algebra operations on vectors and matrices.
Write a R program for any visual representation of an object with creating graphs
usinggraphic functions: Plot (), Hist (), Linechart (), Pie (), Boxplot (), Scatterplots ().
Write a R program for with any dataset containing data frame objects, indexing and sub
setting data frames, and employ manipulating and analyzing data.
Write a program to create an any application of Linear Regression in multivariate
context forpredictive purpose. R PROGRAMMING LAB
1. WriteaR program for different types of datastructuresin R.
Vector
# Creating a character vector
character_vector <- ¢ ("apple”, "banana", "cherry")
character_vector
output: [1] “apple” "banana" "cherry"
Matrix
# Creating a numeric matrix
numeric_matrix <- matrix (1:6, nrow = 2, neol = 3)
numeric_matrix
output: (1) (2) 63)
fj 135
2] 24 6
Lists
# Creating a list
my_list <- list (name = ¢("John","Daniel","Jack"), age = ¢ (30,53,40), hobbies =c ("reading”,
"golf","Gaming"))
my_list
output: Sname:{1] "John", "Daniel" "Jack"
Sage:[1] 30 53 40
Shobbies:{1] "reading" "golf". "Gaming"
DataFrame
# Creating a data frame
data_frame <- data.frame (Name = c ("Alice”, "Bennett", "Charlie"),Age = ¢ (25, 30, 22),
Gender =c ("Female”, "Male", "Male"))
data_frame
output: Name Age Gender
1 Alice 25 Female
2 Bennett 30 Male
3 Charlie 22 Male
Suhas B Raj, Asst Prof. Dept of CA, MIT FGC, Mysore Page 1|17 R PROGRAMMING LAB
Factors
# Creating a factor
gender <- c ("Male","Female","Male","Female","Male")
factor_gender <- factor (gender, levels = ¢ (""Male","Female"))
factor_gender
output: [1] Male Female Male Female Male
Levels: Male Female
Array
#Creating an Array
arr <- array (1:24, dim =e (4,3,2))
arr
output: . 1
LU02) 63]
1s 9
12] 2 6 10
Bl 371
[4] 4 8 12
vod
LUE) £3)
Uj 1317
Suhas B Raj, Asst Prof. Dept of CA, MIT FGC, Mysore Page 2\17 R PROGRAMMING LAB
2.Write a R program that include variables, constants, data types.
# Define variables
radius <-5
radius
output-[1] 5
name <- "Alice"
name
output-[1] "Alice"
age <-30L
age
output:{1] 30
is_student <- TRUE
is_student
output: [1] TRUE
# Constants
PI <3.14159265359
paste ("Constant Value:",PI)
output:[1] "Constant Value 3.14159265359"
GREETING < "Hello, World!"
paste ("Constant Value:", GREETNG)
output:[1] "Constant Value: Hello, World!"
# Data pes
print(class(radius)) output: [1] "numeric"
print(class(name)) output: [1] "character"
print(class(age)) output: [1] "integer"
print(class(is_student)) output: [1] "logical"
Suhas B Raj, Asst Prof. Dept of CA, MIT FGC, Mysore Page 3|17 R PROGRAMMING LAB
3.Write a R program that include different operators, control structures, default
values for arguments, returning complex objects
# Arithmetic operators
asl
bed
sum_result< ab
sum_result
output:[1] 15
diff result <- a-b
diff result
output:[1] 7
product_result <- a*b
product_result
output-{1] 44
division_result <-a/b
division_result
output:[1] 2.75
modulus_result
b) {
print ("a is greater than b")
else if (a pivot]
return(e(quick_sort(left), middle, quiet
4
veet = © (2,5,3,6,8,441,3,10)
print ("Unsorted Vector")
print(veet)
output: [1] 253.684 1310
sorted_vector <- quick_sort(vect)
print("sorted vector")
print(sorted_vector)
mena eeen
Suhas B Raj, Asst Prof. Dept of CA, MIT FGC, Mysore Page 6/17 R PROGRAMMING LAB
# Define the structure for a Binary Search Tree node
bst_node < fimetion(key) {
return (list (key = key, left = NULL tight = NULL))
}
# Function to insert a key into the BST
insert <- function (root, key) {
if (is.null(root)) {
return(bst_node(key))
}
if (key < root$key) {
rootSleft < insert(rootSleft, key)
} elseif (key > rootSkey) {
rootSright < inse! , key)
5
return(root)
4
# Function to perform an in-order trave
in_order_traversal <- function(root) {
if (lis.mull(root))
in_order_traversal(rootSleft)
cat(rootSkey, "")
in_order_traversal(rootSright)
r_traversal(bst)
outputs] 23.589
Suhas B Raj, Asst Prof. Dept of CA, MIT FGC, Mysore Page 7/17 R PROGRAMMING LAB
5.Write a R program for calculating cumul:
maxima and calculus
sums, and products minima
# Sample vector of numbers
numbers <- ¢ (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
# Calculate cumulative sum
cumulative_sum < cumsum(numbers)
cat (
mulative Sum:", cumulative_sum, "\n")
output: Cumulative Sum: 1 3 6 10 15
# Calculate cumulative product
cumulative_product <- cumprod(numbers)
cat("Cumulative Product:", cumulative_product, "\n")
output: Cumulative Product; 12 6 24 120
# Calculate minimum and maximum
min_value <- min(numbers)
‘max_value 25):\n")
subset_data<- data_frame{data_frame$Age > 25, ]
print(subset_data)
output: Name Age Gender Score
2 Bennett30 Male 92
4 David 28 Male 88
5 Emma 35 Female 95
# Calculate Summary Statistics
summary_stats <- summary(data_frame$Score)
summary_stats
output: Min. Ist Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
78.0 85.0 88.0 87.6 92.0 95.0
# Add a new column
data_frame$Grade < ifelse(data_frame$Score >= 90, "A’
print(data_frame)
ifelse(data_frame$Score
output: Name Age Gender Score Grade
1 Alice 25 Female 85 B
2 Bennete 30 Male 92 A
3 Charlie 22 Male 78 €
4 David 28 Male 88 B
5 Emma 35 Female 95 9 A
Suhas B Raj, Asst Prof. Dept of CA, MIT FGC, Mysore Page 1417 R PROGRAMMING LAB
# Grouping and Aggregation
gender_avg_score <- aggregate (data_frame$Score, by = list(data_frameSGender), FUN =mean)
colnames(gender_avg_score) <- ¢("Gender", "Avg_Score")
print(gender_avg_score)
output: Gender Avg_Score
1 Female 90
2 Male 86
SX
Suhas B Raj, Asst Prof. Dept of CA, MIT FGC, Mysore Page 1S|17 R PROGRAMMING LAB
10.Write a program to create an any application of Linear Regression in
multivariate context for predictive purpose.
#Load the mtcars dataset
data(mtcars)
# Explore the dataset
head(mtcars)
output:
Fa
mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
zda RX4 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4
160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02
108 93 3.85 2.320 18.61
258 110 3,08 3,215 19.44
360 175 3.15 3.440 17.02
zda RX4 Wag 21.0
Datsun 710 22.8
Hornet 4 Drive 21.4
Hornet Sportabout 18.7
otro
core
wo ee
Ree ee
# Fit a multivariate linear regression m
+# We'll predict ‘mpg’ (miles per gallon)
‘model < Im(mpg ~ hp + wt, data =
model
‘hp’ (horsepower) and 'wt" (weight)
call:
Am(formula = mpg ~ hp + wt, data = mtcars)
Coefficients:
| (Intercept) ap we
37.22727 -0.03177 3.87783
Im(formula hy ars)
call:
Am(formula = mpg ~ hp + wt, data = mtcars)
Coefficients:
(Intercept) np we
37,22727 --0,03177 «= -3.87783
Suhas B Raj, Asst Prof. Dept of CA, MIT FGC, Mysore Page 16|17 R PROGRAMMING LAB
# Print the model summary
summary(model)
Call:
Am(formula = mpg ~ hp + wt, data = mtcars)
Error t value Pr(>It|)
59879 23.285 < 2e-16
00903 -3.519 0.00148
Residua:
Min 10 Median 30 Max
-3.941 -1.600 -0.182 1.050 5.854
Coefficients:
Estimate Std.
(Intercept) 37.22727 1.
hp -0.03177 0.
we 3.877830.
Signif. codes: 0 +
1 0.
63273 -€.129 1.12e-06
002 *#*" 0,02 *#" 0.05
4 OL SAD
Residual standard error: 2.593 on 29 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.8268,
Adjusted R-squared: 0.8148
Festatistic: 69.21 on 2 and 29 DF, p-value: 9.109e-12
#Make predictions using the model
new data < data. frame(hp = ¢(150, 200)
3.5, 4.0)
predictions <- predict(model, newdata = new_data)
cat("Predicted MPG for new data:\n")
print(predictions)
output: Predicted
Suhas B Raj, Asst Prof. Dept of CA, MIT FGC, Mysore
Page 17|17
