MODULE GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1

Chapter 1: Connecting Chemistry to our world

Lesson 1: Importance of Chemistry to Daily life

At the end of this section, you should be able to:

 Relate the importance of chemistry to daily life
 Describe the role of chemistry to society and technology
 Cite contributions of chemistry to other sciences like geology,
agriculture, medicine, nutrition, etc.
 Enumerate the different tasks of a chemist;
 Give examples of careers that use chemistry

Role of Chemistry in Society

The importance of chemistry to daily life may be further observed with the role of
chemistry to society. Moreover, you will see the significance of chemistry with its contributions
to other fields.
Chemistry has helped advance human civilization. In Figure 1. Shows how sociry has
benefited from chemistry in so many ways. Through research in chemistry , crop – enhancing
agricultural chemicas have been synthesized to make sure that society will have constant and
viable food supply. Water – treatment processes have been developed to make water fit for
human consumption. life – saving pharmaceuticals have been formulated to eradicate deadly
diseases, and synthetic plastics and fibers have been produced for both industrial and consumer
use. Chemistry also plays an important role in the production of shelter and clothing materials.
There are numerous other benefits that chemistry has given to mankind. In all theses, we can see
that chemistry has a huge and vital role in technological development.

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TASKS OF A CHEMIST
Chemists are scientist trained to apply chemistry principles in various fields of work. they
do laboratory work, analyses, and experiments that contribute to scientific and technological
advancement. Result s of the chemists innovative thinking, valuable work, and achievements
have contributed to give mankind a better quality of life.
CAREERS USING CHEMISTRY
Aside from chemists. There are other careers that make use of chemistry principles in
their field.
AGRICULTURIST
CHEMISTRY TEACHER
DIETICIAN
FOOD TECHNOLOGIST
MATERIALS ENGINEER
METEROLOGIST
PHARMACIST
RADIOLOGIST

LESSON 2: HISTORY

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
 Illustrate the historical background of chemistry
 Define chemistry

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHEMISTRY

SCIENCE

 The word science comes from the Latin ―scientia‖ meaning knowledge.
 It refers to the organized, systematized, and logical body of knowledge
that uses observation and experimentation to describe and explain natural
phenomena.

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TECHNOLOGY

 The word technology has interesting origins, techno comes from the
Greek word for art and skill.
 Another Greek origin of technology is technologia meaning ―systematic
treatment‖
 It is the art of applying science.

CHEMISTRY

 It is the study of matter, its composition, structure, properties, the

changes it undergoes, and the energy that accompanies these changes.
 A branch of science that deals with the study of matter, its classification,
composition, structure, properties and of the reactions by which one form
of matter maybe produced from or converted into other forms.

DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN CHEMISTRY

PREHISTORIC

 used fire in cooking of food

 made glass, dyes, perfumes, metallurgy made pottery, bricks and wine

400 B.C.

 beginning of chemistry as a science

 Aristotle proposed the four fundamental elements such as:
o Earth
o Fire
o Air
o Water
FIRST CENTURY

 the beginning of Alchemy in China

 the first book of Chemistry written in Egypt
 combination of the arts of Egyptians and the Greeks

GOLD
 first used metal in the late 400 B.C

ALCHEMY
 the transformation of one substance into another substance

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TWO GOALS OF ALCHEMISTS

1. To change transmute metals
2. Increase the human life span

THE SKEPTICAL CHEMYST

 first textbook of Chemistry was written

12th CENTURY

 probably the beginning of alchemy in China to reach Europe through Spain

16th and 17th CENTURY

 chemistry applied in medicine

 study of gases

ROBERT BOYLE
 determined the relationship of volume and pressure

ANTOINE LAVOISIER
 Father of Modern Chemistry

Other events of 16th and 17th century

 summary of alchemist contribution to science

 quantitative experiments
 wanted to discover an ―elixir of life‖
ELIXIR OF LIFE – eternal life

PHLOGISTON THEORY
 substance that produce combustion

CARL SCHEELE
 discovered oxygen (1772-1774)

18th CENTURY

 beginning of Modern Chemistry

19th and 20th CENTURY

 atomic theory (structure of the atom) proposed by John Dalton

 theories of the nature of matter

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 discovery of new elements and systematization

 arrangement of the elements in the Periodic Table

Lesson 2: What is chemistry?

At the end of this section, you should be able to:

 Define chemistry; and
 Identify the areas of chemistry

Chemistry is the central science. This means that a basic understanding of chemistry is essential
in the study of all other fields of science: physics, biology, earth science, ecology, environmental
science, and others. Chemistry is likewise central to our daily lives – be its individuals or as a
society.
CHEMISTRY
 Chemistry is the study of matter, its composition, its structure, its properties, the
processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these
processes.
BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY
ORGANIC CHENISTRY
 The study of carbon – based compounds; with few exceptions like carbon monoxide
(CO) and carbon dioxide (CO)
 This specific type of chemistry is concerned with elements containing carbon. Carbon is
only the fourteenth most common element on earth, yet it creates the largest number of
different compounds. This type of chemistry is important to the petrochemical,
pharmaceutical, and textile industries. All living organisms contain at least some amount
of carbon
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
 In general, the study of compounds that do not contain carbon
 This branch of chemistry deals with substances not containing carbon and that are
not organic. Examples of such substances are minerals found in the earth's crust
and non- living matter. There are many branches of inorganic chemistry. They
include bioinorganic chemistry, nuclear science and energy, geochemistry, and
synthetic inorganic chemistry, just to name a few.

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BIOCHEMISTRY
 The study of the chemistry of living systems
 Biochemistry is a science that is concerned with the composition and changes in
the formation of living species. This type of chemistry utilizes the concepts of
organic and physical chemistry to make the world of living organisms seem much
clearer. Some people also consider biochemsitry as physiological chemistry and
biological chemistry. The scientists that study biochemistry are called biochemists.
They study such things as the properties of biological molecules, including
proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Other topics they focus on are the
chemical regulation of metabolism, the chemistry of vitamins, and biological
oxidation.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
 The study of the quality and quantity of components of substances.
 All these branches of chemistry must deal with each other one way or another. If
they didn't work in unison it would be impossible for these chemistries to perform
the functions we need for experiments. For example you wouldn't be able measure
the change of an organic substance without knowing how to use analytical
chemistry.

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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
 The study of the mechanism, rates and energetic of chemical reactions.
 This type of chemistry deals with the discovery and description of the theoretical
basis of the behavior of chemical substances. This means also that it provides a
basis for every bit of chemistry including organic, inorganic, and analytical. This
chemistry is defined as dealing with the relations between the physical properties
of substances and their chemical formations along with their changes.

It is important to note the scope of each branch overlaps with that of the rest of the five
branches. A chemist may be working in more than one are at a particular time. for instance, a
biochemist uses organic chemistry to study digestion and absorption of nutrients in the body.

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