NCERT

SRERCISES
wITH A Ns w RES
Calculate the molecular mass of:
Q.11 ) HO ) CO, (in) CH,
e () Molecular mass of H0 = 2 (1-008 amu) + 16:00 amu = 18-016 amu
Ans.
() Molecular mass of CO, = 12-01 amu + 2x 16-00 amu = 44-01 amu
(i) Molecular mass of CH4 = 1201 amu + 4 (1-008 amu) = 16-042 amu
Q.1.2. Calculate the mass per cent of different elements present in sodium sulphate (Na,SO).
Cal

Mass of that element in

Ans. Mass % of an element the compound 100
Molar mass of the compound
Now, molar mass of Na,S0, =2 (23-0) +320 + 4 x 16-0 = 142 g mol
Mass percent of sodium =x100=
142
32-39%
32
Mass per cent of sulphur = xl00 22-54%
141

64
Mass per cent of oxygen x100 = 45-07 %
142

Determine the empirical formula of oxide of iron which has 69-99% iron and 30-1% oxygen by
0. 1.3. mass. an
(Atomic mass : Fe = 55-85 amu, O = 16-00 amu).

Ans.
Simplest whole
Moles of the element Simplest
% by mass Atomic (Relative no. molar ratio number
Element Symbol mass

of moles) molar ratio

Iron Fe 69.9 55-85

69.9
55-85
55-85
= 1-25 5 1251
1-25
2

30-1
Oxygen O 30-1 16-00
16-00
= 1-88 1-881-5
1-25
3

Empirical formula =Fe,Og.

Q.14. Calculate the amount of carbon dioxide that could be produced when
)1 mole of carbon is burnt in air.
i) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.
ii) 2 moles of carbon are burnt in 16 g of dioxygen. l

1/103
 1/104
PRADEEP

carbon in
NEW COURSE

dioxygen/air is
MISTRY 0) VO
for the
combustion
of
Ans. The balanced equation O (g) cO, (g)
C(8) +
I mole 1 mole
I mole
(32 g) (44 g)
from the combustion of I mole
CO2 produced carbon= 44
e

Therefore,
combustion is complete.
@ In air, with 0-5 mole of carbon.i
is available, it can combine only n, i.e., e

(n As only 16 g of dioxygen
reactant. Hence, CO,
produced 22 g. = dioxygen is

the limiting 16 g or dioxygen can combine only with 0.e

is the limiting
reactant. 5 mole of
(ii) Here again, dioxygen to 22 g.
carbon. CO,produced again is equal
required to make 500 mIL of 0,37e
the of sodium acetate (CH3COONa) molar
g mol,
mass
0. 1.5. Calculate sodium acetate is 82-0245
solution. Molar mass of
aqueous solution contain sodium acetate = 0.375
solution means
mL that 1000 of the nole
Ans. 0-375 M aqueous 0-375
mole
should contain s dium acetate
500 mL ofthe solution

Molar mass of sodium acetate = 82-0245 g mol-

0-375 mole x 82-0245 g mol- = 15:380 g.
=

Mass of sodium acetat acquired 2

litre in a sample which has a density, 1-41
concentration of nitric acid in moles per
.

Calculate the
Q. 1.6. cent of nitric acid in it being
69%.
mL and mass per acid solution contain 69 g of nitric acid by mass.
of 69% means that 100 g of nitric
Ans. Mass percent
1 + 14 + 48 = 63 g mol
Molar mass of nitric acid (HNO,)
=

69g = 1-095 mole

Moles in 69 g HNO mol
63g mol
100g
Volume of 100 g nitric acid solution =70-92 mL =0-07092 L
141gmL-1

1-095 mole
15-4415-44 M
[Link] HNO, in moles per litre 0-07092 L
? (Atomic mass of Cu
Q.1.7. How much copper can be obtained from 100 g of copper sulphate (CuSO)
= 63-5 amu)
Ans. 1 mole of CuSO, contains 1 mole (I g atom) of Cu
Molar mass of CuSO = 63-5+32+ 4x 16 = 159.5 g mol
Thus, Cu that can be obtained from 1595 gof CuSO4 = 63-5 g
63-5
Cu that can be obtained from 100 g of CuSO sO&X100g 39-81 g

Q.1.8. Determinethemolecular formula of an oxide of iron in which the mass percent of iron and oxyge
are 69-9 and 30-1 respectively. Given that the molar mass of the oxide is 159-8 g mol (Atomie
mass: Fe = 55-85, O = 16-00 amu)

Ans. Calculation of Empirical Formula. See Q. 3.

Empirical formula mass of Fe,0, = 2 x 55-85 + 3 x 16-00 = 159-7 g mol

Molar mass 159-8

Empirical formula mass 159.7 =l
Hence, molecular formula 15 same as empirical
formula, viz., Fe,O
0.1.9. Calculate the atomic mass (average) of chlorine
using the following data:
T% Natural Abundance
Molar Mass
35CI 1511
37 Cl 34-9689
24-23
36-9659
SOMEBASICCON
c CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY 1/105
Fractional
abundance of 35Cl =
07577, Molar mass =
34.9689
A n s .

nal abundance of SCI= 02423, Molar mass 36-9659

Prac e atomic
Average atomic mass= (0-7577) (34.9689 amu)
=

+
(0-2423) (369659 amu)
=
26-4959+8-9568 =35-4527
three
moles of ethane (C,H,), calculate: () Number of
1oles of
In moles of carbon atoms
Number moles of hydrogen atoms
of m
(ii) Number of molecules of ethane
(n
le of C,H, contains 2 moles of carbon atoms
C,H,
of will C-atoms = 6 moles
3 moles
mole of CH, contains 6 moles. of hydrogen atoms
(i)1
of C will contain H-atoms 18 moles
. 3 moles =

mole of C,H, contains Avogadro's 102 molecules no., i.e., 6-02 x

3 moles of CH,willcontain ethane molecules = 3 x 6-02x 1023 = 18-06x 1023 molecules
WhatWhatisisthefinal
concentration
th
of sugar (C,2H220,1) in mol L-'if its 20 g are dissolved in enough water
volume up to 2 L 2
a1ll.
to make a
Ans.
Molar m a s s
of ssugar (C12H22O11) = l12 x 12 + 22 x 1+ 11 x 16 342 g mol
of sugar 20g
No. of moles in 20 g 342g mol
= 0-0585 mole

Volume of solution = 2L (Given)

Moles of solute 0-0585 mol

Molar concentration =
= 0-0293 mol L-
Volume of sol in L 2L
= 0-0293 MM
2-5 L of its 0-25 M
12. Ifthe density of methanol is 0-793 kg L-"', what is its volume needed for making
Q. 112
solution?
Ans,Molar mass of methanol (CH,OH) = 32 g mol = 0-032 kg mol-l
0-793 kgL
mol L-l
Molarity of the given solution 2478
-032kg mol-I
MxV = M,V2
Applying
(Given solution) (Solution to be prepared)
24-78 x V = 0-25 x 2.5 L
0-02522 L 25-22 mL
V = =

area of
the surface. The S.I. unit of pressure, pascal, is
L13. Pressure is determined as force per1 unit
Pa =1 Nm2
the pressure in pascal.
f mass of air at sea level is 1034 g cm, calculate
[Link] is the force (i.e., weight) acting per unit area
But weight = mg

1034gx9-8ms-2
Pressure=Weight per unit area
Cm2

1034gx9-8 ms ikg 100cm 100cm IN

IPa t
Im Im kg ms INm-2
Cm2 1000g
1-01332 x 10 Pa
=

Aas at isthe S.I. unit of mass ? How is it defined?

S.I unit of mass kilogram (kg). For definition, refer to page 1/13.
is
 PRADEEPE NEW COURSE CHEMISTRY

multiples:
1/106 with their
following
prefixes
Match the Multiplies
Q.1.15.
Prefixes
106
micro
109
deca
(i) 10-6

mega
ii) 10-15

(iv) giga 10 10-15,

10", femto
=
femto
10°, giga
=

() 10, mega
=

10, deca
=

Ans.
micro= figures?
by significant
What do you
mean

Q. 1.16. chia.
Ans. Refer
to Art. 1.13, page
1/19.
found to be
severely
contaminated with
chloroform, CH
drinking
water was was 15 ppm (by mass).
sample of
contamination

A The level of
Q. 1.17. supposed to be carcinogen.
mass
this in percent by water sample.
) Express in the
molarity of chloroform
Determine the
(i) in million (10°)
parts
m e a n s 15 parts
Ans. () 15 ppm
%
=15 x 104= 15 x 10-3
x100
g mol-
% by mass
100 x35-5 = 118-5
= 12 + 1 +3
chloroform (CHCl)
(i) Molar mass of l0
chloroform = 15 x g
contain
100 g of the sample 15x10-2
mole
15x 10g =

will contain
chloroform =
118-65
sample
1000g (1 kg) ofthe
= 1-266 x 10 mole

1266 x 10m.
=
Molality notation:
scientific
Express thefollowing
in 500-0 (v)
6-0012
Q.1.18. (ii) 8008 (iv) 10
0-0048 (i1) 234,
000 x 102 (v) 6-0012 x
10 (iv) 5-000 8-008 x
(ii)
4-8x 103 (i) 2-34 x 10 in the following?
Ans. () are present
figures 2-0034
How many significant 500-0 (vi)
Q.1.19.
208 (i) 5005
(iv) 126,000 (v)
() 0-0025 (i) 4 (vi) 5.
3 (i) 4 (iv) 3 ()
Ans. () 2 (i)
significant figures
Q.1.20. Round up upto three
0-04597 (iv) 2808
) (i) 10-4107 (i)
34-216
rules, see page 1/21) different
104 (ii) 0-0460 (iv) 2810 (For react together
to form
Ans. () 342 (i) when dinitrogen
obtained
and dioxygen
data were
Q.1.21. (a) The following
compounds: Mass of dioxygen
Mass of dinitrogen
16 g
) 14g
32 g
(i) 14g
32 g
28 g
(it) 80 g tement

28 g Give its sut

(iv) experimental data ?
combination is obeyed by the above
Which law of chemical
(b) Fill in the blanks in thefollowing conversions:
(ii) 1 mL = La O 80gn
kg = .
. .

ng
m m . p m (ü) 1 mg =.
0)1 km = of dioxygen combined will
be 32, 64, ethe
of dinitrogen as 28 g, masses
the
Ans. (a) Fixing mass
whole number räud
the given four oxides. These are in the ratio
[Link]which is a simple
Definition-Refer to Art. 1.19, Page /3
given data obey the law of multiple proportions.
SOMEBASIC aIC CONCEPIS OF CHEMISTRY 1/107
00m 100cm 10 mm
1 km
=
I km x I km Im = 10 mm
(b) Icm
1000 m Ipm
I km = I km x 1km X-
10-12 m 10 pm

(i) I mg= I mg 1000 mg

1g lkg
1000 10-6kg
1g Ing
I mg=Img 1000 mg 10-9 10ng
IL
I mL =
I mL x 1000 mL = 10- L
(i)

cm I1 cm3 xumxldm x 1dm

I mL = 1 cm'
==
cm
10cmx10cmx
x = 10 dm
10 cm
the speed of light is 3-0 x 10 m s, calculate the distance covered by light in 2-00 ns.
Q 1 2 2

Distance covered = peed x Time = 3-0 x 10" ms-lx 200 ns

Ans

= 3-0 x 10 mslx 2-00 n 10 6-00

sx
Ins
=
=0-600x m m

Inthe reaction, A + B2 AB2, identify the limiting reagent, if any, in the following mixturEs
Q123
300 atoms of A + 200 molecules ofB () 2 mol A +3 mol BA
(H) 100 atoms of A + 100 molecules of B ) 5 mol A + 2-5 mol B R ) 25 mol A +5 mol B A
AIs. (0 According to the given reaction, 1 atom of A reacts with 1 molecule of B.
. 200 molecules of B will eact with 200 atoms of A and 100 atoms of A will be left unreacted. Hence
Bis the limiting reagent while A is the excess reagent.
Gi According to the given reaction, I mol of A reacts with I mol of B
2 mol of A will react with 2 mol of B. Hence, A is the limiting reactant.
(ii) No limiting reagent.
(i) 25 mol of B will react with 25 mol of A. Hence, B is the limiting reagent.
()25 mol of A will react with 25 mol of A. Hence, B is the limiting reagent.
(0)25 mol of A will react with 2-5 mol of B. Hence, A is the limiting reagent.
124. Diaitrogen
equation:
and
dihydrogen react
N,(g)+3 H, (g)
with
each other
2 NH,)
to produce ammonia according to the chemical 3

0 Calculate the mass of ammonia produced if 200 x 10 g dinitrogen reacts with 1-00 x 103g
dihydrogen
() Will any of the two reactants remain unreacted ?
(it) If yes, which one and what would be its mass ?
An I mol of Ng, ie., 28 g react with 3 mol of H2, i.e., 6 g of H,

2000 g of N, will react with

the excess reagent.
H,x200g 428-6 g. Thus, N, is the limiting reagent while H2 is

4mol of Ng, i.e., 28 g of N, produce NH3 = 2 mol = 54 8

d e
2000g of N, will produce NH, x 2000g=2428-57 g
() H, will remain
i) Mass eft unreacted.
unreacted= 1000Og-428-6 g= 571-4 g s
 PRAOES NEW COURSE
CHEMISTE
1/108 (X)
Q. 1.25. How are 0-50 mol Na,COg and
0-50 M Na,CO, diferent ?
106 g mol-!
NO
=2x 23 + 12 +3 x 16
=

Ans. Molar mass of NagCOg 106 g = 53 g

0-50 mol Na,COg means 0 50x
050 M Na,CO, means
0-50 mol, i.e., 53 g Na,CO3 are present in 1 litre of the solutision. .

with five volumes of dioxygen gas. ho

If ten volumes of dihydrogen gas reacts many
Q. 1.26.
water vapour could be produced
? volumes of
2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 H,0 (g).
to the equation:
Ans. H2 and O, react according 2 volumes of water vanone
react with 1 volume of O, to produce
Thus, 2 volumes of H2 of to produce of water
10 volumes of nce, lo
volumes of H2 will react with 5 volumes
ompletely O2 water
vapous
into basie units:
Q. 1.27. Convert the following
25365 mg
)28-7 pm ( ) 15-15 u s (ii)
10-12 m
28-7 pm x = 287x 10- m
Ans. () 28-7 pm =
I pm

10 m = 11515 x 105s
(in 15-15us = 15-15 u sx
1us
1g 1kg = 2:5365 x 10-2 kg
( i ) 25365 mg = 25365 mg 1000mg 1000g

number of atoms?
1.28. Which one of the following will have largest
Q. Li (s) (w) 1g of Clh (g)
(01g Au (8) (i) 1 g Na (8) (iii) 1g
Cl 35-5 amu)
197, Na = 23, Li = 7,
=

(Atomic masses: Au =
x6-02 x 10 atoms (i) 1 gNa
= mol =x6-02 1023 atoms
x

Ans. ()1g Au =
mol =
mol= x 6-02 x 1023 atoms
(i4) 1 g Li =
x6-02 x 1023 molecules x6-02x 1023 atoms

(i) gClh =mol

1
number of atoms. ethanol is 0-040.
Thus, 1g of Li has the largest which the mole fraction of
ethanol in water in
Calculate the molarity of a solution of
Q. 1.29.
n (C,H,OH) = 0-040 (Given)
Ans. cH,OH (C, H, OH) +n (H,O) which is nearly
= 1L of water

ethanol in 1 L of the solution

The aim is to find number of moles of
(because solution is dilute)

No. of moles in 1 L of water=

1000g 55-55 moles
18g mol
Substituting n (H,0) = 55-55 in eqn (), we get
mol
= 2:31
n (CH,OH) 55.55 x 0-040 or n (C,H;OH)
or 0-96 n (CaH,OH) =

n (C,H,OH)+
55.550040
Hence, molarity of the solution = 2:31 M
What will be the of one C atom in g ?
Q.1.30. mass
Ans. 1 mol of 12C atoms=6-022 x 1 0 atoms = 12 g
Thus, 6-022x 1023 atoms of 12C have mass = 12 8

1 atom of 2C will have mass 12 1-9927 x 10-23 g

6-022 x1023
 gASG CONCEPIS OF CHEMISTR
How
any significant figures should be present in
many
s
1/109
the answer of the ?
1. following calcua
0-02856 x 298-15 x0-112
0-5785 (ii) 5 x
5-364 (Gii) 0-0125 +0-7864 +0-0215
Theleast precise term nas 3
Significant figures (i.e., in
Ans significant
(0 figures. 0-112), Hence, the answer should navc

Leaving exact number (5),

ing the exact the second term
has 4 significant figures. Hence, the answer should
have 4 significant figures figures. Henc
In the given addition, the least number of
decimal places in the term is 4. Hence, the answer
have 4 significant. shou
the data given in the following table to calculate the molar mass of naturally occurring argo
Isotope Isotopic molar mass
Abundance
36Ar 35-96755g mol- 0-337
38Ar 37-96272g mol- 0-063
40Ar 39-9624 g mol- 99-600
mass of Ar =
2ff A,
A Molar = 0-00337x 35-96755+0-00063
= 39-948 g mol-1.
x 37.96272 +0.99600 x 39.96924
Calculate thember of atoms in each of the
following:
moles of He (i) 52 u of He (ii) 52 g of He
52
As () I mol of He = 6-022 x 1025 atoms
52 mol of He = 52 x 6-022 x 10 atoms = 3-131 x 1025 atoms
4 of He
()1 atom of He u
=

4u of He = 1 atom of He

52 atoms 13 atoms
uof He
52 x =

4 g =6-022x 105 atoms

i) 1 mole of He =

6-022 x1023
x 52 atoms = 78286 x 1024 atoms
52gof He 4

134 Awelding fuel gas contains carbon and hydrogen only. Burning a Asmall sample of it in oxygen
volume of 10-0 L (measured
no other products.
gves 3-38 g carbon dioxide, 0-690 g of water and 11-6
atS.T.P.) of this welding gas is found to weigh g. Calculate () empirical formula (i) molar
mASS of the gas, and (ii) molecular formula.

Amount of carbon in 3.38 g CO, =

x3:38 g= 0,9218 g

0-0767 g
ABount ofhydrogen in 0-690 g H,0 x0-690 g = =

18
A and H, therefore, total mass of the compound
npound contains only C
= 0-9218 + 0-0767 g =0-9985 g

Sof Cin the

compound 09218100 92-32
0.9985
%of H in 0-0767
x100 7-68
the compound =-

0-9985
 PRADEEPE NEW cOURSE AEMISTRY 0XD V
1/110 Formula
Calculation of Empirical

mass Moles of the Simplest molar

Element by mass
Atomic
element ratio Simplest whole
no, molar ratio

92-32 12 92-327-69
12

7-68
7-68 7.68
H

Empirical formula =CH

100Lof the gas at STP weigh
=
11-6g
22 116 25.984 g-26 g
of the gas at [Link] will weigh o224
=
2-4 L 10-0
Molar mass = 26 g mol-
of CH 12+1 13
Empirical formula mass = =

Molecular mass = 2 . Molecular formula = 2 x CH = C2H2

n=
[Link]
Calcium carbonate reacts with aqueous HCl according to the reaction
Q.1.35.
CaCO ()+ 2 HCI (aq) CaClh (aq)Co,) H,0 ).
What mass of CaCO, is required to react completely with 25 mL of 075 M HCI?
+

Ans. 25 mL of 0-75 M HCI

Step 1. To calculate mass of HCl in
1000 mL of 0-75 M HCl contain HCl = 0-75 mol = 075 x 365 g= 24-375 g

4-375
25 mL of 0-75 HCI will contain HCI = 25g = 0-6844 g.
1000
Step 2. To calculate mass of CaCOg reacting completely with 0.9125 g of HCI
CaCO,()+2 HCI (aq) CaCl,(aq)+CO, (8)+ H,O ()
2 molof HCI, ie., 2 x 365 g =73 g HCl react completely with CaCO = 1 mol = 100 g
100
:0-6844g HCI will react completely with CaCO =x06844g = 0-938 g.
73
Q.1.36. Chlorine is prepared in the
laboratory by treating manganese dioxide (MnO,) with aqueous
hydrochloric acid according to the reaction. le So g
How many
4 HCI (aq)+ MnO, 6) 2 H,O ()+ MnCl, (aq) +
Clh (8)1
grams of HCl react with 5-0 g of manganese dioxide ?
Ans. I (Atomic mass of Mn 55 u) =

mole of MnO2, i.e., 55+ 32= 87 g MnO, react with 4 moles of HCI, i.e., 4 x 36-5 146 g ot
g= n
5-0 g of
MnO, will react with HCI =x5-0g =8-400g
87