Chemistry/ PEP Name: _____________________ Date: _________

Chapter 9 – Stoichiometry
Chapter 9: 1, 3, 4, 6, 8 – 19, 22 – 32, 38, 43 – 46, 53, 55, 56

Practice Problems

1. How many tricycle seats, wheels, and pedals are needed to make 288 tricycles?
Seats 288 wheels 864 pedals 576

3. Interpret the equation for the formation of water from its elements in terms of (a) numbers of
molecules, (b) numbers of moles, and (3) volumes of gases at STP.

2 H2(g) + O2(g) → 2 H2O(g)

(a) # of molecules: Two molecules of hydrogen gas reacts with one molecule of
oxygen gas to produce two molecules of water.

(b) # of moles: Two moles of hydrogen gas reacts with one mole of oxygen gas to
yield two moles of water.

(c) Volumes of gases at STP: 44.8 L of hydrogen gas reacts with 22.4 L of oxygen gas
to yield 44.8 L of water in the form of steam.

4. Balance the equation for the combustion of acetylene:

2 C2H2(g) + 5 O2(g) → 4 CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g)

Then, interpret the equation in terms of (a) relative numbers of moles, (b) volumes of gases at
STP, and (c) masses of reactants and products.

(a) 2 mol acetylene gas reacts with 5 mol of oxygen gas to produce 4 mol of carbon
dioxide gas and 2 mol steam

(b) 44.8 L of acetylene gas reacts with 112 L oxygen gas to yield 89.6 L carbon
dioxide gas and 44.8 L steam.

(c) 52.1 g of acetylene gas reacts with 160. g oxygen gas to produce 176 g carbon
dioxide gas and 36.0 g steam.

Section Review 9.1

6. Balance this equation: C2H5OH(l) + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(g).
a. Interpret the equation in terms of numbers of molecules and moles.
One molecule (mole) of ethanol reacts with three molecules (moles) of oxygen
gas to yield two molecules (moles) of carbon dioxide gas and three molecules
(moles) of steam.

b. Show that the balanced equation obeys the law of conservation of mass.
46.0 g C2H5OH reacts with 96.0 g O2 to yield 88.0 g CO2 and 54.0 g H2O.
PEP – Chemistry 1
8. Interpret the following equation in terms of (a) relative numbers of representative particles, (b)
numbers of moles, and (c) masses of reactants and products.

2 K(s) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 KOH(aq) + H2(g)

(a) 2 K atoms + 2 H2O molecules yields 2 formula units of KOH and 1 molecule H2

(b) 2 mol K and 2 mol H2O yields 2 mol KOH and 1 mol H2

(c) 78.2 g K and 36.0 g H2O produces 112.2 g KOH and 2.0 g H2

Practice Problems – Mole-Mole Calculations

9. This equation shows the formation of aluminum oxide: 4 Al(s) + 3 O2(g) → 2 Al2O3(s)

a. write out the six mole ratios that can be derived from this equation.

4 mol Al 4 mol Al 3 mol O2 3 mol O2 2 mol Al2O3 2 mol Al2O3

3 mol O2 2 mol Al2O3 2 mol Al2O3 4 mol Al 4 mol Al 3 mol O2

b. How many moles of aluminum are needed to form 3.7 mol Al2O3?
4 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐴𝑙
(3.7 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3 ) ( ) = 7.4 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐴𝑙
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3

10. According to the equation in Problem 9:

a. How many moles of oxygen are required to react completely with 14.8 mol Al?
3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2
(14.8 𝐴𝑙) ( ) = 11.1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2
4 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐴𝑙

b. How many moles of Al2O3 are formed when 0.78 mol O2 reacts with aluminum?
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3
(0.78 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 ) ( ) = 0.52 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3
3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2

Practice Problems – Mass-Mass Calculations

11. Acetylene gas (C2H2) is produced by adding water to calcium carbide (CaC2).

CaC2(s) + 2 H2O(l) → C2H2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq)

How many grams of acetylene are produced by adding water to 5.00 g of CaC2?

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶 𝐻

2 2 26.0 𝑔 𝐶 𝐻
(5.00 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶2 ) ( ) (1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶 ) ( 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶2𝐻2 ) = 2.03 𝑔 𝐶2 𝐻2
64.1 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶2 2 2 2

12. Using the same equation from Problem #11, determine how many moles of CaC2 are needed
to react completely with 49.0 g H2O.

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶

(49.0 𝑔 𝐻2 𝑂) ( ) ( 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻 𝑂2 ) = 1.36 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶2
18.0 𝑔 𝐻2 𝑂 2

PEP – Chemistry 2
Practice Problems – Other Stoichiometric Calculations
13. How many molecules of oxygen are produced by the decomposition of 6.54 g of potassium
chlorate (KClO3)?
2 KClO3(s) → 2 KCl(s) + 3 O2(g)

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾𝐶𝑙𝑂3 3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 6.02 𝑥 1023 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑂2

(6.54 𝑔 𝐾𝐶𝑙𝑂3 ) ( )( )( )=
122.6 𝑔 𝐾𝐶𝑙𝑂3 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾𝐶𝑙𝑂3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2

4.82 𝑥 1022 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑂2

14. The last step in the production of nitric acid is the reaction of nitrogen dioxide with water:

3 NO2(g) + H2O(l) → 2 HNO3(aq) + NO(g)

How many grams of nitrogen dioxide must react with water to produce 5.00 x 1022 molecules of
nitrogen monoxide?
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑂 3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑂2 46.0 𝑔 𝑁𝑂2
(5.00 𝑥 1022 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑂) ( 23
)( )( )=
6.02 𝑥 10 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑂 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑂 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑂2

11.5 𝑔 𝑁𝑂2

15. The equation for the combustion of carbon monoxide is: 2 CO(g) + O2(g) → 2 CO2(g)

How many liters of oxygen are required to burn 3.86 L of carbon monoxide?

1𝐿𝑂
(3.86 𝐿 𝐶𝑂) (2 𝐿 𝐶𝑂2 ) = 1.93 𝐿 𝑂2

16. Phosphorus and hydrogen can be combined to form phosphine (PH3):

P4(s) + 6 H2(g) → 4 PH3(g)

How many liters of phosphine are formed when 0.42 L of hydrogen reacts with phosphorus?

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 4 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑃𝐻 22.4 𝐿 𝑃𝐻

(0.42 𝐿 𝐻2 ) ( ) ( 6 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻 3 ) (1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑃𝐻3 ) = 0.28 𝐿 𝑃𝐻3
22.4 𝐿 𝐻2 2 3

17. Consider this equation:

CS2(l) + 3 O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2 SO2(g)

Calculate the volume of sulfur dioxide produced when 27.9 mL O2 reacts with carbon disulfide.

1 𝐿 𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑂2 22.4 𝐿 𝑆𝑂2

(27.9 𝑚𝐿 𝑂2 ) ( )( )( )( ) = 0.0186 𝐿 𝑆𝑂2
1000 𝑚𝐿 𝑂2 22.4 𝐿 𝑂2 3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑂2

18. From the equation in Problem 17, calculate the number of deciliters of carbon dioxide
produced when 0.38 L SO2 is formed.
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂2 22.4 𝐿 𝐶𝑂2 10 𝑑𝐿 𝐶𝑂2
(0.38 𝐿 𝑆𝑂2 ) ( )( )( )( ) = 1.9 𝑑𝐿 𝐶𝑂2
22.4 𝐿 𝑆𝑂2 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂2 1 𝐿 𝐶𝑂2

PEP – Chemistry 3
 First look at the mole ratio of the
items you are being asked to compare
Section Review 9.2 and use them as conversion factors.
19. Isopropyl alcohol (C3H7OH) burns in air according to this equation: For (a), you are comparing oxygen gas
to isopropyl alcohol – so use that mole
2 C3H7OH(l) + 9 O2(g ) → 6 CO2(g) + 8 H2O(g) ratio to solve (a).

a. Calculate the moles of oxygen needed to react with 3.40 mol C3H7OH.
9 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2
(3.40 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶3 𝐻7 𝑂𝐻) ( ) = 15.3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶3 𝐻7 𝑂𝐻

b. Find the moles of each product formed when 3.40 mol C3H7OH reacts with oxygen.
8 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
(3.40 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶3 𝐻7 𝑂𝐻) ( ) = 13.6 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶3 𝐻7 𝑂𝐻

6 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂2
(3.40 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶3 𝐻7 𝑂𝐻) ( ) = 10.2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂2
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶3 𝐻7 𝑂𝐻

22. Tin(II) fluoride, formerly found in many kinds of toothpaste, is formed in this reaction:

Sn(s) + 2 HF(g) → SnF2(s) + H2(g)

a. How many liters of HF are needed to produce 9.40 L of H2 at STP?

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻𝐹 22.4 𝐿 𝐻𝐹
(9.40 𝐿 𝐻2 ) ( )( )( ) = 18.8 𝐿 𝐻𝐹
22.4 𝐿 𝐻2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻𝐹

b. How many molecules of H2 are produced by reaction of tin with 20.0 L HF at STP?
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻𝐹 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻 6.02 𝑥 1023 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2
(20.0 𝐿 𝐻𝐹) ( ) (2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻𝐹2 ) ( ) = 2.69 𝑥 1023 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2
22.4 𝐿 𝐻𝐹 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2

c. How many grams of SnF2 can be made by reacting 7.42 x 1024 molecules of HF with
tin?
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻𝐹 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑛𝐹 156.7 𝑔 𝑆𝑛𝐹
(7.42 𝑥 1024 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻𝐹) ( ) ( 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻𝐹2 ) ( 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑛𝐹 2 ) =
6.02 𝑥 1023 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻𝐹 2

966 𝑔 𝑆𝑛𝐹2

Practice Problems – Limiting Reagent

23. The equation for the complete combustion of ethene (C2H4) is:
C2H4(g) + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g)

If 2.70 mol C2H4 is reacted with 6.30 mol O2,

a. identify the limiting reagent.

3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2
(2.70 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶2 𝐻4 ) ( ) = 8.1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶2 𝐻4
𝑆𝑜, 8.1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 2.70 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝐶2 𝐻4 ;
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 6.30 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑂2 , 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔.

b. calculate the moles of water produced.

2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
(6.30 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 ) ( ) = 4.20 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑
3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2

PEP – Chemistry 4
24. The equation for the incomplete combustion of ethene (C2H4) is:

C2H4(g) + 2 O2(g) → 2 CO(g) + 2 H2O(g)

If 2.70 mol C2H4 is reacted with 6.30 mol O2,

a. identify the limiting reagent.

2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2
(2.70 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶2 𝐻4 ) ( ) = 5.40 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 ; 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 5.40 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶2 𝐻4
𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 2.70 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶2 𝐻4 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 6.30 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 ;
𝐶2 𝐻4 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡.

b. calculate the moles of water produced.

2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻 𝑂
2.70 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶2 𝐻4 ) (1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶 2𝐻 ) = 5.40 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑
2 4

25. Hydrogen gas can be produced in the laboratory by the reaction of magnesium metal with
hydrochloric acid.

Mg(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

a. identify the limiting reagent when 6.00 g HCl reacts with 5.00 g Mg.

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻𝐶𝑙 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑀𝑔 24.31 𝑔 𝑀𝑔

(6.00 𝑔 𝐻𝐶𝑙) ( ) (2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻𝐶𝑙) ( 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑀𝑔 ) = 2.00 𝑔 𝑀𝑔
36.46 𝑔 𝐻𝐶𝑙

Since 6.00 HCl requires only 2.00 g Mg to react, the Mg (5.00 g) is in excess
and HCl is the limiting reactant.

b. How many grams of hydrogen can be produced when 6.00 g HCl is added to 5.00 g
Mg?
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻𝐶𝑙 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 2.02 𝑔 𝐻
(6.00 𝑔 𝐻𝐶𝑙) ( ) (2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻𝐶𝑙 ) ( 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 ) = 0.166 𝑔 𝐻2
36.46 𝑔 𝐻𝐶𝑙 2

Since HCl is the limiting reactant, we use that quantity to determine how
many grams of H2 will be produced.

26. Acetylene (C2H2) will burn in the presence of oxygen:

2 C2H2(g) + 5 O2(g) → 4 CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g)

How many grams of water can be produced by the reaction of 2.40 mol C2H2 with 7.4 mol O2?
First determine which of the reactants is limiting:
5 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2
(2.40 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶2 𝐻2 ) ( ) = 6.0 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶2 𝐻2
Since 2.40 mol C2H2 reacts with exactly 6.0 mol O2, and we are provided a
whopping 7.4 mol O2, the O2 is in excess, and C2H2 is limiting.

2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 18.0 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂

(2.40 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶2 𝐻2 ) ( )( ) = 43 𝑔 𝐻2 𝑂
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶2 𝐻2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂

PEP – Chemistry 5
Practice Problems – Percent Yield
27. When 84.8 g of iron(III) oxide reacts with an excess of carbon monoxide, 54.3 g of iron is
produced according to the reaction: First, calculate how much Fe is theoretically obtained.
Second, insert into equation:
Fe2O3(s) + 3 CO(g) → 2 Fe(s) + 3 CO2(g) 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
% 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = 𝑥 100%
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
What is the percent yield of this reaction?
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐹𝑒 55.845 𝑔 𝐹𝑒
(84.8 𝑔 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = 59.3 𝑔 𝐹𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
159.7 𝑔 𝐹𝑒 𝑂 2 3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐹𝑒 𝑂 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐹𝑒
2 3
54.3 𝑔 𝐹𝑒
% 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = 𝑥 100% = 91.6 %
59.3 𝑔 𝐹𝑒

28. If 50.0 g of silicon dioxide is heated with an excess of carbon, 27.9 g of silicon carbide is
produced.
SiO2(s) + 3 C(s) → SiC(s) + 2 CO(g)

What is the percent yield of this reaction?

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑖𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑖𝐶 40.1 𝑔 𝑆𝑖𝐶
(50.0 𝑔 𝑆𝑖𝑂2 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = 33.36 𝑔 𝑆𝑖𝐶, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
60.1 𝑔 𝑆𝑖𝑂 2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑖𝑂 2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑖𝐶

27.9 𝑔 𝑆𝑖𝐶
% 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = (33.36 𝑔 𝑆𝑖𝐶 ) (100%) = 83.6%

Section Review 9.3

29. What is a limiting reagent? An excess reagent?
The limiting reagent is the one that is in short supply where the reaction is
concerned; it is the one that determines the amount of product possible.
Excess reagent is the one not totally used up by the reaction.

30. What is the percent yield if 4.65 g of copper is produced when 1.87 g of aluminum reacts
with an excess of copper(II) sulfate?
2 Al(s) + 3 CuSO4(aq) → Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3 Cu(s)
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐴𝑙 3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑢 63.55 𝑔 𝐶𝑢
(1.87 𝑔 𝐴𝑙) ( )( )( ) = 6.607 𝑔 𝐶𝑢, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦
26.98 𝑔 𝐴𝑙 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐴𝑙 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑢

4.65 𝑔 𝐶𝑢
% 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = (6.607 𝑔 𝐶𝑢) (100%) = 70.4 %

31. What is the difference between an actual yield and a theoretical yield? Which yield is larger
for a given reaction? How are these values used to determine percent yield?
The actual yield is that which is obtained through actual experimentation; the
theoretical yield is the value calculated from the balanced chemical reaction.

32. How many grams of SO3 are produced when 20.0 g FeS2 reacts with 16.0 g O2 according to:
4 FeS2(s) + 15 O2(g) → 2 Fe2O3(s) + 8 SO3(g)

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐹𝑒𝑆2 15 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂 32.0 𝑔 𝑂

(20.0 𝑔 𝐹𝑒𝑆2 ) ( ) (4 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐹𝑒𝑆2 ) ( 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2) = 20.0 𝑔 𝑂2
120.𝑔 𝐹𝑒𝑆2 2 2
𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑤𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑂2 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 16.0 𝑔 𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 8 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑂3 80.1 𝑔 𝑆𝑂3
(16.0 𝑔 𝑂2 ) ( )( )( ) = 21.4 𝑔 𝑆𝑂3
32.0 𝑔 𝑂2 15 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑂3
PEP – Chemistry 6
Chapter 9 Review
38. Methanol (CH3OH) is used in the production of many chemicals. Methanol is made by
reacting carbon monoxide and hydrogen at a high temperature and pressure. 9.2

CO(g) + 2 H2(g) → CH3OH(g)

a. How many moles of each reactant are needed to produce 3.60 x 102 g CH3OH?
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂
(3.60 𝑥 102 𝑔 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻) ( )( ) = 11.3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂
32.0 𝑔 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻

(3.60 𝑥 102 𝑔 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻) ( ) (1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻 2𝑂𝐻) = 22.5 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2
32.0 𝑔 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻 3

b. Calculate the number of grams of each reactant needed to produce 4.00 mol CH3OH.
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂 28.0 𝑔 𝐶𝑂
(4.00 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻) ( )( ) = 112 𝑔 𝐶𝑂
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂

2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 2.02 𝑔 𝐻
(4.00 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻) ( ) ( 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 ) = 16.2 𝑔 𝐻2
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻 2

c. How many grams of hydrogen are necessary to react with 2.85 mol CO?
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 1.01 𝑔 𝐻2
(2.85 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂) ( )( ) = 8.20 𝑔 𝐻2
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2

43. Explain how you would identify a limiting reagent in a chemical reaction. 9.3

To identify the limiting reagent, express quantities of reactants as moles;

compare to the mole ratios from the balanced chemical equation.

44. For each balanced equation, identify by circling the limiting reagent for the given
combination of reactants. 9.3. You may do your work on the back of this page.

# moles formed (#45) excess (#46)

a. 2 Al + 3 Cl2 → 2 AlCl3
3.6 mol 5.3 mol 3.5 mol AlCl3 0.1 mol Al

b. 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O
6.4 mol 3.4 mol 6.4 mol H2O 0.2 mol O2

c. 2 P2O5 + 6 H2O → 4 H3PO4

0.48 mol 1.52 mol 0.96 mol H3PO4 0.08 mol H2O

d. 4P + 5 O2 → 2 P2O5
14.5 mol 18.0 mol 7.20 mol P2O5 0.1 mol P

PEP – Chemistry 7
45. For each reaction in Problem 44, calculate the number of moles of product formed, and write
next to the symbol for the products, as indicated above. 9.3

46. For each reaction in Problem 44, calculate the number of moles of excess reagent remaining
after the reaction, and write as indicated above. 9.3

53. Hydrazine (N2H4) is used as rocket fuel. It reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen and water.

N2H4(l) + O2(g) → N2(g) + 2 H2O(l)

a. How many liters of N2 (at STP) form when 1.0 kg N2H4 reacts with 1.0 kg O2?
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁2 𝐻4 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁2 22.4 𝐿 𝑁2
(1000 𝑔 𝑁2 𝐻4 ) ( )( )( ) = 7.0 𝑥 102 𝐿 𝑁2
32.0 𝑔 𝑁2 𝐻4 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁2 𝐻4 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁2

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁 22.4 𝐿 𝑁

(1000 𝑔 𝑂2 ) ( ) (1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 ) (1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁2 ) = 7.0 𝑥 102 𝐿 𝑁2
32.0 𝑔 𝑂2 2 2

b. How many grams of the excess reagent remain after the reaction?

No reagent in excess

55. If the reaction below proceeds with a 96.8 % yield, how many kilograms of CaSO4 are
formed when 5.24 kg SO2 reacts with an excess of CaCO3 and O2?

2 CaCO3(s) + 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2 CaSO4(s) + 2 CO2(g)?

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑂2 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑆𝑂4 136.1 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝑆𝑂 1 𝑘𝑔

(5,240 𝑔 𝑆𝑂2 ) ( )( ) ( 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑆𝑂 4 ) (1000 𝑔) (0.968)
64.01 𝑔 𝑆𝑂2 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑂2 4

= 10.8 𝑘𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝑆𝑂4

56. Ammonium nitrate, marketed online as “Terrorists Choice,” will decompose explosively at
high temperatures to form nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor.

2 NH4NO3(s) → 2 N2(g) + 4 H2O(g) + O2(g)

What is the total number of liters of gas formed when 228 g NH4NO3 is decomposed? Assume
STP.

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝐻4 𝑁𝑂3 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁2 22.4 𝐿

(228 𝑔 𝑁𝐻4 𝑁𝑂3 ) ( ) (2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝐻 ) (1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁 ) = 63.824 𝐿 𝑁2
80.02 𝑔 𝑁𝐻4 𝑁𝑂3 4 𝑁𝑂3 2

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝐻4 𝑁𝑂3 4 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻 𝑂 22.4 𝐿

(228 𝑔 𝑁𝐻4 𝑁𝑂3 ) ( ) (2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝐻 2𝑁𝑂 ) (1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻 𝑂) = 127.65 𝐿 𝐻2 𝑂
80.02 𝑔 𝑁𝐻4 𝑁𝑂3 4 3 2

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝐻4 𝑁𝑂3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 22.4 𝐿

(228 𝑔 𝑁𝐻4 𝑁𝑂3 ) ( ) (2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝐻 ) (1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ) ) = 31.91 𝐿 𝑂2
80.02 𝑔 𝑁𝐻4 𝑁𝑂3 4 𝑁𝑂3 2

Add all three liters of gases to obtain 224 L gas

PEP – Chemistry 8