1

Homework 8
PHYS 370, Fall 2023
Due for 100%: 10am, October 18
Due for 80%: 10am, October 25

1. Single-qubit measurement in multi-qubit states [10 pts]. Let’s take our first look at multi-qubit states.
We will consider the differences when we measure one qubit of the following two classes of four-qubit states:
• Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states – the multi-qubit version of Bell states:
1
|Φ+ i = √ |0i|0i|0i|0i + |1i|1i|1i|1i


(1)
2
• W-states:
1

|W i = |1i|0i|0i|0i + |0i|1i|0i|0i + |0i|0i|1i|0i + |0i|0i|0i|1i (2)
2
For this question, use factorization of states and operators rather than using matrices and vectors.
(a) Write a four-qubit operator that describes performing a projective measurement on Qubit 1 and obtaining an
outcome of |0i (and doing nothing to the other three qubits) [2 pts].
(b) Apply this operator to |Φ+ i and obtain the post-measurement four-qubit state [3 pts].
(c) Apply this operator to |W i and obtain the post-measurement four-qubit state. Write the state as a one-qubit
state tensor-producted with a three-qubit state [3 pts].
(d) Which class of states seems more robust to errors associated with the environment performing measurements of
a subset of our qubits [2 pts]?
 2

2. MM Problem 8.11 [10 pts]. Show that the above circuits are equivalent. For the following, let’s label our
qubits as the top being Qubit 1 and bottom being Qubit 2.

(a) Write down the unitary operation for the circuit on the right, the inverted CNOT, UiCNOT [2 pts].
(b) Write down the unitary operation for the Hadamard on each qubit, UH-H = Ĥ ⊗ IˆIˆ ⊗ Ĥ = Ĥ ⊗ Ĥ [3 pts].
(c) Write down the unitary operation for the CNOT, UCNOT [2 pts].
(d) Show that the two circuits are equivalent by evaluating UH-H UCNOT UH-H and comparing it to UiCNOT [3 pts]?
 3

+ or |Ψ +
Either |Φ

|0

1 2 3

3. Parity check [10 pts]. Assume that we start in one of two entangled states: |Φ+ i = √12 |00i + |11i or

|Ψ+ i = √12 |01i + |10i . We will use a third, “ancilla”, qubit to perform a special operation called a “parity check”

that will tell us which entangled state we are in. The parity check circuit is shown above.

(a) Write down the state at 1, after the first CNOT, for both input states |Φ+ i and |Ψ+ i. Hint: think about what
the CNOT does – it flips the ancilla iff Qubit 1 is in |1i [3 pts].
(b) Write down the state at 2, after the second CNOT, for both input states |Φ+ i and |Ψ+ i. [3 pts].
(c) Using the P̂0 = |0ih|0 and P̂1 = |1ih1| z-basis projection operators for the ancilla qubit, write down the two-qubit
state of the non-ancilla qubits for each ancilla measurement outcome. Show that the ancilla qubit unambiguously
tells us whether the qubits are in |Φ+ i or |Ψ+ i [4 pts].
 4

|χ H

|Ψ +
A B |χ

1 2 3 4 5

4. Quantum teleportation [10 pts]. In Lecture 15, we discussed teleportation of an unknown state |χi = α|0i+β|1i
via a Bell pair sharing the |Φ+ i state. Here, we will work through the case of a |Ψ+ i Bell pair.

(a) Write down the state at 1, after the CNOT. Factor out the state of the first qubit in each term in anticipation of
the next step [2 pts].
(b) Write down the state at 2, after the Hadamard operation on the first qubit. Factor out the state of the first two
qubits in anticipation of the next step [2 pts].
(c) Which measurement outcome corresponds to the third qubit being in |χi [2 pts]?
(d) Based on the outcome of the qubit 2 measurement, we either apply operation A on qubit 3 or not. Then, based
on the outcome of the qubit 1 measurement, we either apply operation B on qubit 3 or not. What operations A
and B allow us to “deterministically” (i.e. succeed every time) teleport |χi from qubit 1 to qubit 3, and for what
measurement outcome should they be applied [4 pts]?