Journal of Interdisciplinary Histopathology, 2022

VOL 10, NO. 1, PAGE 01

COMMENTARY Open Access

Frozen Section Procedure in Tissue Processing

ARTICLE HISTORY
Received: 29-Dec-2021, Manuscript No. EJMJIH-22-52320;
Editor assigned: 31-Dec-2021, PreQC No. EJMJIH-22-52320 (PQ);
Reviewed: 14-Jan-2022, QC No. EJMJIH-22-52320;
Revised: 19-Jan-2022, Manuscript No. EJMJIH-22-52320 (R);
Published: 26-Jan-2022.
Description
The frozen section procedure is a pathological laboratory rap- al tissue disc, which is then frozen quickly at –20°C to –30°
id microscopic analysis of a specimen is performed using this C in a chuck. The specimen is implanted in a gel-like
approach. It’s most commonly used in oncological surgery. medium termed OCT, which is made up of polyethylene
Cryosection is the technical term for this operation. glycol and polyvinyl alcohol. This substance has several
names and has the same density as frozen tissue when
The quality of frozen section slides is worse than that of for-
frozen.
malin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue processing. While diag-
nosis can be made in many cases, for more reliable diagnosis, Uses
fixed tissue processing is preferred in many cases. The frozen section approach is mostly used to examine
The term “intraoperative consultation” refers to the patholo- tissue while surgery is being performed. This could be for a
gist’s whole intervention, which involves not just frozen sec- variety of reasons. It is a simple method for real-time margin
tioning but also gross examination of the specimen, analysis of manage-ment of a surgical specimen used in Mohs surgery.
cytology preparations (such as touch imprints), and aliquot- A sample of the suspected metastasis is sent for
ing of the tissue for particular investigations (e.g. molecular cryosection to estab-lish it’s identifying if a tumour appears
pathology techniques, flow cytometry). to have metastasized. This will assist the surgeon in
The pathologist’s report is frequently limited to a “benign” or determining whether or not the procedure should be
“malignant” diagnosis and relayed to the operating surgeon continued. Aggressive surgery is usually performed only if
over intercom. The pathologist’s major goal while operating the patient has a prospect of being cured. When a tumour
on a previously confirmed malignancy is to tell the surgeon if has spread, surgery is usually not curative, and the
the resection margin is clean of residual cancer or if residual surgeon will opt for a less invasive procedure or no
cancer is present at the resection margin. The most common excision at all.
way of processing is the bread loafing technique. Margin con- Assuming that a growth has been resected yet it is
trolled surgery, on the other hand, can be done with a variety muddled whether the resection edge is liberated from
of tissue cutting and mounting techniques. cancer, an intra-operative meeting is mentioned to survey
The cryostat, which is effectively a microtome inside a freezer, the need to make a further resection for clear edges. A
is the most important tool for cryosection. The microtome is sentinel node containing tumor tissue prompts a further
similar to a high-precision “deli” slicer, capable of cutting slic- lymph node dissection, while a benign node will avoid such a
es as thin as 1 micrometre. A typical histology slice is 5 to 10 procedure.
micrometres thick. The surgical specimen is placed on a met- If surgery is explorative, rapid examination of a lesion
might help identify the possible cause of a patient’s
symptoms. It is important to note, however, that the
pathologist is very limit-ed by the poor technical quality of
the frozen sections. A final diagnosis is rarely offered
intraoperatively.

Contact: Hamza F, E-mail: [email protected]