Solution
CHEMISTRY FULL PORTION TEST-1
Class 10 - Science
Section A
1.
(b) BaSO4
Explanation: On mixing a solution of barium chloride with sodium sulphate, a white precipitate of barium sulphate is
immediately formed. These reactions are ionic in nature.
BaCl2 + Na2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl
2.
(d) Formic acid, Propanol
Explanation: HCOOCH2CH2CH3 + H2O --> HCOOH + CH3 CH2CH2OH
g
The ester is HCOOCH2CH2CH3. The product HCOOH is formic acid or methanoic acid (carboxylic acid) and CH3
ntr chin
CH2CH2OH is propanol (alcohol).
3.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: A is false but R is true.
4. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
a
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Co
5. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
e
6. (a) it turns milky due to carbon dioxide gas liberated in the reaction and after sometime it becomes colourless due to formation
of calcium carbonate.
n's
Explanation: it turns milky due to carbon dioxide gas liberated in the reaction and after sometime it becomes colourless due to
formation of calcium carbonate.
Ce
7. (a) H2 gas
aro
Explanation: H2 gas is evolved.
Section B
8. Copper does not react with hydrochloric acid or with nitric acid. But aluminium is more reactive than copper. So, these acids
Sh
should be kept in copper container.
Copper is less reactive than zinc and hence zinc chloride solution can be kept in copper container. But aluminium is more reactive
than zinc and hence zinc chloride solution cannot be kept in aluminium container. For keeping water, both the containers can be
used. However, copper is better.
9. Since PO turns red litmus blue, the oxide PO must be basic, thus P is a metal because metal forms a basic oxide and as it does not
react with dilute sulphuric acid, the metal will be below hydrogen in activity series.
OR
A salt of a weak base (NH4OH) and a strong acid (HNO3) is NH4NO3 (ammonium nitrate).
The reaction involved is given below:
HNO3(aq) + NH4OH(aq) →NH4NO3(aq) + H2O(l)
10. A - Al; B - Al 2 O3
Al2 O3 + 6HC l → 2AlC l3 + 3H2 O
Al2 O3 + 2N aOH → 2N aAlO2 + H2 O
Section C
11. No, tartaric acid does not evolve any carbon dioxide during baking. Its role is to react with N a
2 C O3 formed when
N aHC O decomposes.
3
1/4
Sharon's Coaching centre, 9585120927
If this not happens, Na2CO3 will impart a bitter taste to the cake.
12. The element with an atomic number of 20 is calcium (Ca).
The electronic configuration of calcium is: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2.
Calcium is a metal because it is located in Group 2 (or Group IIA) of the periodic table, which consists of metals known as
alkaline earth metals.
The valency of calcium is +2.
The compound that calcium forms with chlorine is calcium chloride. The chemical formula for calcium chloride is CaCl2.
OR
Hydrogen has a tendency to lose an electron and forms a positive ion H+ like metals although hydrogen is not a metal yet it has
been assigned a place in the reactivity series of metals. The metals which lose electrons less readily than hydrogen are placed
g
below it and the metals which lose electrons more readily than hydrogen are placed above it in the reactivity series of metals.
ntr chin
13.
Isomers
a
C4H10
Co
Butane
C4H6
e Section D
n's
14. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In a redox reaction, both oxidation, as well as reduction, takes place together, oxidation involves loss of electrons while reduction
involves the gain of electrons. The redox- reaction may involve a combination of atoms and molecules, displacement of metals, or
Ce
non-metals.
aro
Example: CuSO4 + Zn ⟶ ZnSO4 + Cu
displacement of Cu metal from its compound.
(i) CuSO4 gets reduced.
Sh
(ii) The oxidising agent generally gains the electron.
(iii)Oxidizing agent - Copper,
Reducing agent - Zinc
(iv)Displacement reaction
15. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The compounds which have the same molecular formula but differ from each other in physical or chemical properties are called
isomers and the phenomenon is called isomerism. When the isomerism is due to difference in the arrangement of atoms within the
molecule, without any reference to space, the phenomenon is called structural isomerism. In other words, structural isomers are
compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas, i.e., they are different in the order in which
different atoms are linked. In these compounds, carbon atoms can be linked together in the form of straight chains, branched
chains or even rings.
(i) Butane and iso-butane both have molecular formula as C4H10
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH 3 CHCH 3
|
CH3
(ii) Yes, Butane and 2-methylpropane
CH3CH2CH2CH3 and CH 3 CHCH3 have different structural formula but same molecular formula. These two
|
CH3
2/4
Sharon's Coaching centre, 9585120927
molecules, butane and 2-methylpropane, both have the molecular formula C4H10 , but they are different molecules since
the atoms are arranged differently.
(iii)2-methylpentane has the longest chain
iso-Pentane:
1 2 3 4
H3 C − C−CH2 − CH3 (4 carbon atoms)
|
CH3
2-Methylpentane:
1 2 3 4 5
CH3 − CH − CH2 − CH2 − CH3 (5 carbon atoms)
|
CH3
Hence, 2-methylpentane has the longest carbon chain.
(iv)Pentane (C5H12) has three structural isomers:
CH3 − CH2 − CH2 − CH2 − CH3
n−Pentane
CH3 − CH− CH2 − CH3
g
|
CH3
ntr chin
iso−Pentane
CH3
CH3 − C−CH3
|
CH3
neo−Pentane
Section E
a
16. i. An aqueous solution of an acid conducts electricity because in water an acid (HCl) dissociates to give ions. Since the current is
Co
carried out by the movement of ions, an aqueous solution of acid conducts electricity.
ii. During dilution, more of acid dissociates into ions. Thus concentration of [H3O]+ ions will increase on dilution.
e
iii. Even on increasing [H3O]+ ions, the number of ions per unit volume decreases. Therefore ph will increases on dilution.
iv. (a) CO2 gas will evolves accompanied by brick effervescence.
n's
N aHC O3 (s) + HC l(aq) → N aC l(aq) + C O2 (g) + H2 O(aq)
(b) H2 gas will evolves accompanied by brick effervescence.
Ce
Zn(s) + 2HC l(aq) → ZnC l(aq) + H2 O(g)
aro
OR
Acid Base
An acid produces H+ ions in aqueous solution A base produces OH- ions in aqueous solution.
Sh
Acids are sour in taste. Bases are bitter in taste
Acids change the colour of blue litmus to red. Bases change the colour of red litmus to blue.
Neutralization - A reaction of an acid with a base to produce salt and water.
i. Acidic - When strong acid reacts with a weak base, acidic salt is formed.
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
ii. Basic - When a weak acid reacts with a strong base, basic salt is formed.
NaOH + H2CO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O
iii. Neutral - When strong acid reacts with a strong base or weak acid react with a weak base, the neutral salt is formed.
KOH + HNO3 → KNO3 + H2O
17. Ionic or Electrovalent bond may be defined as:
A bond which is formed between two different atoms by the transfer of one ore more electrons from one atom to the other atom.
Formation of Ionic Bond. We have stated that the ionic bond is formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to the other
atom. Actually, both the atoms taking part in the bond formation have incomplete outermost energy shells. For example, let us
take the example of Na and Cl atoms. Na atom has one valence electron (2, 8, 1). Similarly, Cl atom has seven valence electrons
(2, 8, 7). Both these atoms take part in bond formation to have eight electrons in the valence shell. Sodium loses the only electron
present in the valence shell and forms a cation:
3/4
Sharon's Coaching centre, 9585120927
−1 electron
Na (sodium atom)2, 8, 1−−−−−−→ Na+ (sodium cation)2, 8
The electron released by sodium atom is taken up by the chlorine atom which has already seven valence electrons. Chlorine
changes to an anion as follows
Both the Na+ ion and Cl- ion have stable electronic configuration.Na+ ion has the configuration of the noble gas neon. Similarly,
Cl- ion has the configuration of noble gas argon. The oppositely charged ions are attracted towards each other. The attraction leads
to the formation of ionic bond which is also called electrovalent bond. The formation of NaCl may be represented as follows:
The formation of ionic bond can also be shown as follows:
g
ntr chin
OR
i. Metal M is Copper(Cu).
ii. It is concentrated by the Froth-Floatation process. Impure copper is purified by electrolytic refining.
a
iii. Reaction involve in the process of extraction:
Co
Roasting: 2Cu2S + 3O2 ⟶ 2Cu2O + 2SO2
Basemerisation: Cu2S + 2Cu2O ⟶ 6Cu + SO2
e
iv. Impure metal is taken as anode whereas pure metal is taken as cathode. Soluble salt of metal is taken as electrolyte. When an
electric current is passed, impure metal changes to ions which gain electrons at the cathode and change into pure metal.
n's
Ce
aro
Impurities are left behind as anode mud.
Sh
4/4
Sharon's Coaching centre, 9585120927
