CHAPTER Diseases Look at the picture. XY Do you remember the last time you were ill? Did you have to see a “doctor or a nurse? What signs of illness did you have? Recall what you have learnt in Stage 2 about illnesses. Write three words to describe how you feel when you are ill.A\ Infectious Diseases In this section, Iwill learn that both plants and animals can get infectious diseases + learn to predict the possible results of a scientific activity produce a dot plot to explain results + identify people who use science around me and describe how they use it Thinkingcap ® e- My friend is ill. If I play with him, will Tfall ill too? et sJExplorel] Stop the spread! 1. Look at the two pictures below. If you are not well, be responsible and 2. Riyaz has a cold. He sneezes several times a day. do the right thi Circle the picture that shows him doing the right thing. ii 3. In pairs, predict what could happen if Riyaz plays with his friends when he is unwell. What will happen if no one is wearing a mask? 24(ctsleam What Are Infectious Diseases? A disease is a condition in which your body or a part of your body is not able to function properly. Diseases that can spread from one person to another are called infectious diseases. MEE The flu and the common cold are infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are caused by tiny living things called germs that enter our body and make us ill. These germs can be passed on from one person to another, spreading the disease. We can only see germs under we . a microscope. Anon-infectious disease is not caused by germs and cannot be spread from person to person.26 They can also be passed when a person with an infectious disease coughs or sneezes. Germs can be passed by saliva from the mouth. Germs can also spread by touch.B), Our bodies take time to recover from diseases. Let's conduct a survey with 20 people to find out how long each person took to recover from influenza (flu). The results from the survey can be shown using a dot plot. Time taken to recover from flu —¢ ¢ ee ! 3 Number of days Key: Each @ represents I person. This dot plot shows that two people took one day to recover, while three people took two days to recover. Three people took five days to recover. It shows that most people took three days to recover. How many people took four days to recover from the flu? Now, conduct a survey in your class to find out how many infectious diseases each classmate has had. Tick (v) the diseases you have had. Chicken pox O Mumps oO O Influenza Hand, foot, mouth disease (HFMD) [_] Ihave had ______________ of these diseases before. 27Let's make a dot plot about infectious diseases your class has had. Use the stickers from the back of the book to complete the dot plot below. Number of diseases the students in the class had ss 1 2 3 4 5 Number of diseases Key: Each @ represents | student. What can you interpret from the results in the dot plot? 28Can Animals Get Infectious Diseases? Animals can also get infectious diseases. These diseases can spread from one animal to another. Some infectious diseases can also spread from animals to humans. This may lead to an outbreak, when the disease spreads rapidly, affecting a lot of people. Infectious diseases such as bird flu can spread from one bird to another. It can even spread from birds to humans. A veterinarian or a vet is a doctor who trects sick and injured animals. Some vets treat small animals that we may have at home, such as birds and cats. Others treat farm animals or animals in zoos. Vets use different medicines on animals and provide them with special care. Vets play an important role in keeping animals healthy. Would you like to grow up and become a vet? Why or why not? 29in Plants Get Infectious Diseases? Plants can have infectious diseases too. The infectious diseases can spread from one plant to another. They can affect the health of the plant, causing it to lose leaves, droop or even die. Some examples of infectious diseases in plants are leaf rust, stem rust and white mould. Do infectious diseases only affect . humans? Explain. ° mould Tick (v) to show what you can do. [_] Ican state that plants and animals can have infectious diseases. [| Ican predict the possible results of a scientific activity. [_] can produce a dot plot to explain results. [J] Ican identify people who use science around me and describe how they use it.Medicines In this section, I will + learn that medicines can be used to treat some illnesses + describe how to use medicines safely + learn to measure in standard units and explain why they are better than non-standard units Thinkingcap ® ee What must I do to feel better when Lam sick? ist Bpiard Get well soon! |. In pairs, pretend that one person is a doctor and the other person is not feeling well. 2. Make up your own dialogue. What would the doctor say? What would the person feeling ill say? You can also use the suggestions given below. fee sees (eect ore 3. Share your dialogue with your class.32 Why Do We Need Medicines? Medicines help us to treat diseases. Medicines are usually prescribed by a doctor. Different medicines are used to treat different illnesses. Some medicines help to relieve fever or pain. Other medicines help to treat cough or a runny nose. Some creams help to soothe itchy skin. Mu We can also buy some medicines at a pharmacy.How Can We Use Medicines Safely? All medicines come with instructions. It is important to read and follow the instructions. Medicines can be dangerous if you take too much of them. An adult or a trained doctor, nurse or pharmacist will let you know the correct amount or dose of medicine you should take. Use a dosing cup or oral syringe to measure doses in millilitres. Spoons cannot measure medicine accurately as they come in different sizes. Can you tell how much medicine is in each picture? Do not take someone else’s medicine. It can make you more ill. Word Boost instructions Why do we need to take medicines pharmacist when we become ill? dose Name two ways in which you can use medicines safely. Tick (v) to show what you can do. [J can state that medicines can be used to treat some illnesses. [J Ican describe how to use medicines safely. [5] 1can measure in standard units and explain «tivity Book why they are better than non-standard units.e Vaccines In this section, Iwill + learn that vaccinations can prevent some infectious diseases of animals + describe how evidence obtained through enquiry has changed scientific knowledge and understanding over time identify the five main types of scientific enquiry do research to find the answer toa question Thinkingcap ® ws wonder why I had to get vaccines when I was a baby... ictslecmm What Are Vaccines? Our body is able to protect us from many germs. However, sometimes our bodies cannot fight off some types of germs and they make us very sick. When your body is protected against a disease, you are said to have immunity against it. Vaccines give us immunity against many diseases. When we take a vaccine for a disease, “ it can protect us from the disease for a long time. Vaccination also helps stop diseases from spreading, This can prevent outbreaks. ae Ps b. Some vaccines can be taken by mouth. Others need to be taken using an injection. aIn the past, people did not know the cause of many diseases. People would die from diseases such as smallpox. The use of smallpox vaccine has helped to remove smallpox from the world completely. The world is officially declared free of smallpox. I 1980 ———-® Option (8% watch (é) Scan this page to watch a video that shows the history of vaccines. Are There Vaccines for Animals? Vaccines can also help prevent diseases in animals. Pets and farm animals are given vaccines to keep them healthy. This can also help to stop the spread of the disease to other animals as well as to people. This reduces the risk of an outbreak.36 Problem=based|Uearning) How can we prevent the spread of a disease? An epidemic is the spread of a disease that affects a large number of people within a community. When the disease spreads worldwide, it is known as a pandemic. 1. Work in groups. 2. Imagine that an epidemic, caused by a virus, is spreading in your area. 3. You have been tasked to find ways to stop the spread of the disease before it spreads worldwide. 4. Use the Internet to find out news articles about SARS, MERS and Covid-19. Find out what was been done to stop the spread of these diseases. ‘What type of scientific enquiry are you using to come up with your plan?5. Use the information you have found to answer the questions below to come up with your plan.38 Tech Talk! Nanorobots are extremely tiny robots. In fact, they are thinner than the width of a human hair! They are very useful to doctors. Some nanorobots can be injected to deliver medicines to specific parts of the body. Other nanorobots can seek out and destroy harmful substances in the body. This makes them very useful in fighting diseases. Where else do you think nanorobots can be used? What is the difference between medicines and vaccines? Tick (v) to show what you can do. I can state that vaccinations can prevent some infectious diseases of animals. Ican describe how evidence obtained through enquiry has changed scientific knowledge and understanding over time. Ican identify the five main types of scientific enquiry. OnOood I can do research to find the answer to a question.Practice Worksheet Tick (v) the correct box beside each sentence. An infectious disease can only spread from one animal to another. Medicines can be used to treat diseases. We should take the correct amount of medicine. Vaccines are given only to people, not animals. . Which of these plants has a disease? Circle it.40 3 What do you need to do to use medicines safely? Tick (v) the two correct answers. Follow the instructions that come with medicines. Take a bigger amount of medicine to get well more quickly. Take medicines on your own without asking an adult. Do not take other people's medicine. OOOO 4. Draw a line to match each word to its meaning word vaccine disease infectious medicine meaning something that is used to treat sick person or animal something that protects people and animals against disease condition in which the body or a part of the body does not function properly able to be passed from one person or animal to anotherScience Words D ease a condition that causes harm to the health of a person, animal, or plant; illness; sickness dot plot a chart that uses dots to show information E epidemic the spread of a disease that affects a large number of people within a community G germs tiny organisms that can cause disease or infection immunity the ability of the body to defend itself from an infectious disease infectious capable of being passed to others by germs that enter the body M medicines substances used to treat diseases, injuries, pain, or other symptoms microscope an instrument used to observe very small objects N non-infectious cannot spread from one person to another oO outbreak the rapid spread of a disease P pandemic the worldwide spread of a disease predict to state what will happen in the future Vv vaccines substances used to protect people and animals from certain diseases 4