DIFFERENT GLANDS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• Hypothalamus - part of your brain that controls hormone production by releasing
different chemicals to the pituitary gland- “commander”
• Pituitary gland –gland that secretes growth hormone, prolactin, antidiuretic
hormones and others - “Master gland”
• Pineal gland - connects the endocrine system with the nervous system produces
several important hormones, including melatonin, important to sleep/wake cycles
and sexual development
• Thyroid gland – located in the front of your neck, it releases hormones (thyroxin)
that control your metabolism and govern the way your body uses energy
-Hypothyroidism
-Cretinism-Hyperthyroidism
THYMUS GLAND -The thymus gland, lying between the lungs under the sternum,
secretes thymosins that affect production and differentiation of T lymphocytes that
are important in immunity.
Kidney- maintaining proper bodily functions and overall health.
• Parathyroid - located behind the thyroid gland, they are essential for proper bone
development
• Adrenal glands - influence the way your body uses energy
-Adrenal cortex- regulated by the pituitary hormone ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic)
-Secretes hormones cortisol- Stress hormone produced by body to ensure that the
body gets enough fuel during emotional arousal and stress
• Pancreas - releases the hormones (insulin) your body needs to metabolize sugar;
problems with the pancreas can lead to diabetes
• Epinephrine and Norepinephrine are similar chemicals that act as both
neurotransmitters and hormones in the body. Both substances play an important
role in the body’s fight or flight response, and their release into the bloodstream
causes increases in blood pressure, heart rate, and blood sugar levels.
• Ovaries - produce estrogen and progesterone in women, and also release egg cells (and a
small amounts of testosterone)
Estrogen- fosters female reproductive capacity, and accumulation of fatty tissue in breast and
hips
Progesterone-stimulates growth of female reproductive organ, and prepares uterus to
maintain pregnancy
• Testes - produce the hormone testosterone; in men, testosterone maintains sperm
production and bone mass.
HORMONE FUNCTIONS
Regulate the chemical composition and volume of the internal environment
(extracellular fluid).
Help regulate metabolism and energy balance.
Help regulate contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle fibers and secretion by
glands.
Help maintain homeostasis, despite disruptions, such as infection, trauma, emotional
stress, dehydration, starvation, hemorrhage, and temperature extremes.
Regulate certain activities of the immune system.
Play a role in the smooth, sequential integration of growth and development.
Contribute to the basic processes of reproduction, including gamete production,
fertilization, nourishment of the embryo and fetus, delivery, and nourishment of the
newborn.
The endocrine hormones help control mood, growth and development, the
way our organs work, , and reproduction. The endocrine system regulates
how much of each hormone is released.
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