FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING
DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING SCIENCE AND GEOMATICS
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM) PERLIS BRANCH
DIPLOMA IN GEOMATIC SCIENCE
MARCH 2021 – AUGUST 2021
GLS 150 ENGINEERING SURVEYING
FIELD WORK REPORT
TACHEOMETRY
GROUP
RAP1202F
PREPARED FOR
SIR TENGKU AFRIZAL
PREPARED BY
NAME MATRIC NO
MUHAMMAD AMINUDDIN BIN AZHAM 2020874102
BALQIS RAIDAH BINTI MUHAMMAD 2020958188
IZ ZULZIKRI BIN NORZOLKEPLI 2020858728
NUR AFIQAH BINTI RAHIM 2020863648
DATE OF SUBMISSION
9 AUGUST 2021
TABLE OF CONTENT
Table Of Content Page
Introduction
Objectives
Equipment
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Result
Plot
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Tacheometry is a system of rapid surveying, by which the horizontal and vertical positions of points
on the earth's surface relative to one another are determined without using a chain or tape, or a
separate levelling instrument. Instead of the pole formerly employed to mark a point, a staff similar
to a level staff is used. This is marked with heights from the base or foot, and is graduated according
to the form of tacheometer in use.
The horizontal distance is inferred from the vertical angle included between two well-defined points
on the staff and the known vertical distance between them. Alternatively, also by readings of the
staff indicated by two fixed stadia wires in the diaphragm (reticle) of the telescope. The difference of
height is computed from the angle of depression or elevation of a fixed point on the staff and the
horizontal distance already obtained. The azimuth angle is determined as formerly. Thus all the
measurements requisite to locate a point both vertically and horizontally with reference to the point
where the tacheometer is centred are determined by an observer at the instrument without any
assistance beyond that of a man to hold the level staff.
The ordinary methods of surveying with a theodolite, chain, and levelling instrument are fairly
satisfactory when the ground is relatively clear of obstructions and not very precipitous, but it
becomes extremely cumbersome when the ground is covered with bush, or broken up by ravines.
Chain measurements then become slow and liable to considerable error; the levelling, too, is carried
on at great disadvantage in point of speed, though without serious loss of accuracy. These difficulties
led to the introduction of tacheometry.
In western countries, tacheometry is primarily of historical interest in surveying, as professional
measurement nowadays is usually carried out using total stations and recorded using data
collectors. Location positions are also determined using GNSS. Traditional methods and instruments
are still in use in many areas of the world and by users who are not primarily surveyors.
Objectives
• To determine the reduced level
• To determine the coordinate of point that given
• To solve measurement problems in an optimal way
• To plot the plan of the area
Equipment
Name Diagram
Level
tripod
levelling staff
Staff bubble
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Stadia is a method of surveying in which distances are read by noting the interval on a graduated rod
intercepted by two parallel cross hairs (stadia hairs or stadia wires) mounted in the telescope of a
surveying instrument, the rod being placed at one end of the distance to be measured and the
surveying instrument at the other.
Principle of Stadia hair method is that the ratio of the length of perpendicular to the base is constant
in case of similar triangles.
1. Fixed Hair Method
In the fixed hair method, the cross hairs of the diaphragm are kept at a constant distance apart and
the staff intercept varies with the horizontal and vertical position of the staff with respect to the
Theodolite.
In this method, the angle at the instrument at A subtended by a known short distance along a staff
kept at B is made with the help of a stadia diaphragm having stadia wires at fixed or constant
distance apart. The readings are on the staff corresponding to all the three wires taken.
The staff intercept, i.e., the difference of the readings corresponding to top and bottom stadia wires
will therefore depend on the distance of the staff from the instrument. When the staff intercept is
more than the length of the staff, only half intercept is read.
For inclined sight, readings may be taken by keeping the staff either vertical or normal to the line of
sight. This is the most common method is tacheometry and the same ‘stadia method’ generally
bears reference to this method.
2. Movable Hair Method
In this method the staff intercept between the lower hair and the upper hair is kept constant by
moving the horizontal cross hairs in the vertical plane.
This method is similar to the fixed hair method except that the stadia interval is variable. Suitable
arrangement is made to vary the distance between the stadia hair as to set them against the two
targets on the staff kept at the point under observation.
Thus, in this case, the staff intercept, i.e., the distance between the two targets is kept fixed while
the stadia interval, i.e., the distance between the stadia hair is variable. As in the case of fixed hair
method, inclined sights may also be taken.
PROCEDURE
1. The area for survey has been choose.
2. The base line near the feature that to be survey was created which is 5-4.
3. The bearing was defined which is 195o50’ and distance for base line was measured.
4. The theodolite was set up at point 5 and was targeted to back station (R.O).
5. The bearing was set to reading 195o50’ and aimed to back station.
6. The height of instrument was measure and the stadia data was recorded about 15 points.
POINT 1
RL= 30.09+1.7+0.315-1.7
RL=30.405m
POINT 6
RL=30.09+1.7-0.566-1.7
RL=29.524m
POINT 10
RL=30.09+1.7-1.187-1.7
RL=28.903m
7
POINT 15
RL=30.09+1.7-1.754-1.7
RL=28.336m
POINT 28
RL=30.09+1.7-1.887-1.7
RL=28.203 m
COORDINATES
STATION BEARING DISTANCE LATIT DEPART E N
1160.06 342.786
1 107.2120 24.592 -7.336 23.472 1152.730 366.258
6 64.2607 38.861 16.770 35.056 1176.836 377.842
10 50.5456 57.441 36.215 44.587 1196.281 387.373
15 44.0227 77.686 55.844 54.005 1215.910 396.791
28 38.5016 68.349 53.239 42.863 1213.305 385.649
POINT 1
1160.06E-7.336E =1152.73E
342.786N+23.472N=366.258N
POINT 6
1160.06E+16.770E=1176.836E
342.786N+35.056N=377.842N
8
POINT 10
1160.06E+57.441E=119
6.281E
342.786N+44.587N=387.
373N
POINT 15
1160.06E+55.844E=121
5.910E
342.786N+54.006N=396.
791N
POINT 28
1160.06E+53.239E=121
3.305E
342.786N+42.863N=385.
649N
Conclusion
As for the conclusion, we can understand that tacheometry is a distance measurement method that
uses an indirect way to determine horizontal and vertical distances. Distance measuring may be
done quickly since it is an indirect method that can be used on any irregular ground surface or
object. Additionally, we can compute this method without any mistakes.
REFERENCE
https://www.academia.edu/37902346/stadia_survey_lab_report
