SMART BIO-WATCH FOR AUTISM PATIENT
Abstract:
Smart monitoring and assisted living systems for cognitive health assessment play a
central role in assessment of individuals’ health conditions. Autistic children suffer
from some difficulties including social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and
nonverbal communication, and accommodating to the environment around them.
Thus, dealing with autistic children is a serious public health problem as it is hard to
determine what they feel with a lack of emotional cognitive ability. Currently, no
medical treatments have been shown to cure autistic children, with most of the social
assistive research to date focusing on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) without
suggesting a real treatment. In this project, we focus on improving cognitive ability
and daily living skills and maximizing the ability of the autistic child to function and
participate positively in the community. The long-term objective of the project is to use
this system for data-driven detection, therapy, intervention, and progress monitoring
for children with Autism. This project consists of accelerometer sensor, BLE module,
Wi-Fi Module, Audio sensor, Temperature sensor connected to Arduino UNO. The
accelerometer is used to detect the child’s activity continuously. The data is
transferred to the mobile phones of the guardian or the parent by which the needs can
be fulfilled or accidents may be prevented. Using the data collected over a period of
time, intervention of this disorder can be developed in a vast manner.
Introduction:
Autism is a mental condition characterized by difficulty in communicating and using
language and abstract concepts [1]. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) is a brain
developmental disorder characterized by impairments in social reciprocity and
communication and the presence of restricted or repetitive activities. The term "spectrum"
refers to the variation in the type and severity of symptoms. The etiology of autism is
organic though no single pathologic event has been identified as uniquely or universally
associated with the disorder [1]. According to the survey of CDC's Autism and
Developmental Disabilities, about 1 in 44 children has been identified with autism.[2]. Mild
symptoms may function on their own but severe symptomatic require support substantially
in their daily lives. It is a disability that could not be easily figured out by the public.
Sometimes it is misunderstood by the general public that they judge as “odd” behaviour or
sometimes consider as naughty and the parents are not taking control of their child. This
causes discomfort among parents that they rather don’t want to take their autistic child
with them to public places [3]. The cause of autism spectrum is uncertain. But the risk
factors can be genetic conditions. Treatment is generally behavioural therapy and teaching
them the coping skills. Some medicines can be of help sometimes but there is no evidence
to support that is a very strong solution[4]. Autistic patients cannot express their feelings or
cannot ask what they need to their guardian due to lack of consciousness. In this project, a
wearable Arduino-based device by which the parents or caregivers of autistic children can
monitor their movement and their health condition even from a remote place using
Smartphone or any wireless communication. Another severe anxiety of the parents of
autistic children arises when they go outside of the home. In case, if they are lost or go
outside of home subconsciously in absence of their parents, it will be difficult to find them
as they cannot communicate with people like normal people. Taking this fact into account,
a feature to locate the actual position of an autistic child is added with this wearable
device. Parents will be able to identify their child’s location by using the information which
will be delivered to their Smartphone on a regular basis from that wearable device.
Objective:
To monitor the ASD patient with the help of embedded technology
To measure the safety measurements for ASD patient with the help of embedded
technology
Block Diagram:
References:
[1] Plavnick, Josh & Kaid, Tiffany & Macfarland, Mari. (2015). Effects of a School-Based Social Skills
Training Program for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability. Journal of
autism and developmental disorders. 45. 10.1007/s10803-015-2434-5.
[2] Victor D. Sanua (1986) The organic etiology of infantile autism: A critical review of the literature,
International Journal of Neuroscience, 30:3, 195-225, DOI: 10.3109/00207458608985670 To link to
this article: [Link]
[3] Ogundele, Michael O. “Behavioural and emotional disorders in childhood: A brief overview for
paediatricians.” World journal of clinical pediatrics vol. 7,1 9-26. 8 Feb. 2018, doi:10.5409/wjcp.v7.i1.9
[4] DeFilippis, Melissa, and Karen Dineen Wagner. “Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder in
Children and Adolescents.” Psychopharmacology bulletin vol. 46,2 (2016): 18-41.
[5] Leekam SR, Prior MR, Uljarevic M. Restricted and repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum
disorders: a review of research in the last decade. Psychol Bull. 2011 Jul;137(4):562-93. doi:
10.1037/a0023341. PMID: 21574682
[6] Y. Lee and W. Chung, "Wireless sensor network based wearable smart shirt for ubiquitous health
and activity monitoring", Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 140, no. 2, pp. 390-395, 2009.
[7] Bikash Pradhan, Saugat Bhattacharyya, Kunal Pal, "IoT-Based Applications in Healthcare Devices",
Journal of Healthcare Engineering, vol. 2021, Article ID 6632599, 18 pages, 2021.
[Link]
