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Math - Course Notes

A matrix is a collection of numbers ordered in rows and columns. Scalars are numbers of dimension 0, vectors have either 1 row or 1 column, and matrices can have multiple rows and columns. Vectors and matrices can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and transposed. NumPy arrays provide a flexible way to represent and work with matrices in Python. Dot products can be taken between vectors to yield a scalar, or between matrices to yield another matrix, by taking the dot product of each row of the first with each column of the second.

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26 views9 pages

Math - Course Notes

A matrix is a collection of numbers ordered in rows and columns. Scalars are numbers of dimension 0, vectors have either 1 row or 1 column, and matrices can have multiple rows and columns. Vectors and matrices can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and transposed. NumPy arrays provide a flexible way to represent and work with matrices in Python. Dot products can be taken between vectors to yield a scalar, or between matrices to yield another matrix, by taking the dot product of each row of the first with each column of the second.

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minanabil
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Course Notes:

Mathematics
What Is a Matrix ?

Scalars
▪ Collection of numbers ordered in rows and columns

▪ Scalars are all numbers from algebra of dimension 0, 2ₓ1 column vector
can be considered as 1ₓ1 matrix
of length 2

▪ Vectors are matrices with either 1 row or 1 column


depending whether we have row vector or column
vector 1ₓ3 row vector
of length 3

▪ Matrices can be added, subtracted and multiplied


What Is a Matrix ?

! The length of a vector is the number of elements in it

A is 𝐦ₓ𝐧 matrix with 𝐚ᵢₖ denoting the


element on 𝐢𝐭𝐡 row and 𝐤 𝐭𝐡 column

NB: When coding, indexing starts from 0, so the


element in 1st row and 1st column is denoted as a00
Linear Algebra and Python Implementation

▪ Scalars are like a point


1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
▪ Vectors are lines with direction

▪ Matrices represent planes, any 2-dimensional


! The 3D plane can be represented by the matrix
plane can be represented by a matrix
Linear Algebra and Python Implementation

▪ The simplest and most flexible way to work with


matrices in Python is by using arrays via the NumPy
library

Vectors Matrices Row vector

‘reshape’ gives an array a new


shape without changing its data
Tensors, Addition and Subtraction of Matrices

▪ Tensor is a collection of matrices Adding


vectors

Creating
a tensor

Adding vectors
with a scalar

In order to add and subtract matrices and Addition and subtraction is done
NB:
vectors their forms must match
! elementwise for both vectors and
matrices
Transpose

The operation of transposing turns a row vector into


! column one and vice-versa
Transposing an
array in Python

𝑇
1 1
= 1 and 𝑇 = 2
2 2 3 1 2 3
3 3

! Transposing a matrix turns each row into column

𝑇
𝑇 1 4 1 4
1 2 3 1 2 3
= 2 5 and 2 5 =
4 5 6 4 5 6
3 6 3 6
Dot Product

Dot product Dot product


of vectors between scalars

This is just normal multiplication,


2 1 !
8 . −7 =2x1+8x(-7)+(-4)x3=-66 but remember that Python interprets
−4 3 scalar as 1x1 arrays

We can take dot product only


NB:
between vectors of equal length, Multiplication of
the result of which is a scalar vector by a scalar

The resulting vector consists of scaled


!
components of the initial one
Dot Product of Matrices

Multiplying matrix Multiplication


by a scalar of matrices

Can only multiply an mₓn with an nₓk matrix; the importance


NB:
here is that the 2nd dimension of the first matrix matches the 1st
dimension of the second one to give an mₓk matrix
Scale each element in
!
the matrix by the scalar
Perform the dot product of each row with from 1st matrix with
!
each column from the 2nd one

Dot product of 𝑖 𝑡ℎ row vector of 1st matrix with 𝑗𝑡ℎ column vector of
!
2nd matrix gives the element on position (𝑖, 𝑗) in the resulting matrix

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