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AQA, OCR, Edexcel
GCSE Science
GCSE Chemistry
Chemical Bonds - Ionic
Answers
Total Marks: /41
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Chemical Bonds
Q1: What are the three types of chemical bonds?
A= Ionic, covalent and metallic.
(3 marks)
Q2: Describe each of the three types of bonds in terms of ions and electrons.
A= Ionic occurs between oppositely charged ions (1 mark). In covalent bonding, the atoms share
electrons (1 mark) and in metallic bonds, the atoms share delocalised electrons (1 mark).
(3 marks)
Q3: When and where does each type of chemical bond occur?
A= Ionic occurs between metals and non-metals (1 mark). Covalent occurs between non-metallic
elements and in compounds of non-metals (1 mark). Metallic bonding is in metallic elements and
alloys (1 mark).
(3 marks)
Ionic Bonds
Q4: What is an ion?
A= An ion is atom that loses or gains and electron and therefore has a positive or negative charge.
(1 mark)
Q5: Describe what has to happen for metals and non-metals to become ions.
Metals: A= They lose an electron and have a positive charge (1 mark).
Non-metals: A= They gain an electron and have a negative charge (1 mark).
(2 marks)
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Q6: Choose an element from group 1 or 2 and draw its original electron arrangement. Then, draw
its electron arrangement once it has become an ion.
Element Ion
Element: Any group 1 or 2 Element: Any group 1 or 2
element (1 mark) element (1 mark)
Number of electrons: Electrons Number of electrons: Electron
according to atomic number (1 number should be one or two
mark). fewer than previously. (1 mark).
needed) needed)
A= Complete electron arrangement. 2 in 1stshell, A= Show a full outer electron shell.
(1 mark)
up to 8 in 2nd and 3rd. Outermost shell
should have one or two electron. (1 mark)
(6 marks)
Q7: Now do the same for an element in group 6 or 7.
Element Ion
Element: Any group 6 or 7 Element: Any group 1 or 2
element (1 mark). element (1 mark)
Number of electrons: Number of electrons: Electron
Electrons according to atomic number should be one or two
number (1 mark). more than previously. (1 mark).
needed)
A= Electron arrangement. 2 in 1stshell up to 8 in A= Show a full outer electron shell. (1
mark)
2nd and 3rd. Outermost shell, should have 6 or
7 electrons (1 mark).
(6 marks)
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Q8: Which group of elements have a full outer shell?
A= The noble gases.
(1 mark)
Q9: What occurs when a metal forms an ionic bond with a non-metal?
A= Electrons in the outer shell are transformed. The metal atoms lose an electron (1 mark) and the
non-metal atoms gain one (1 mark).
(2 marks)
Q10: The electrons in the outer shell of a metal can be represented as dots. The electrons in the
outer shell of a non-metal, crosses. Draw a dot and cross diagram to represent an ionic compound.
NaCl is given as an example.
XX XX
Na + X Cl XX (Na)+ ( X Cl XX)))
XX XX
(4 marks)
Q11: Describe how the charge of an ion relates to its element’s group in the periodic table.
A= The number of charge is the group number of the element.
(2 marks)
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Ionic compounds
Q12: An ionic compound is a giant structure of ions. Describe how it is held together.
A= Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction (1 mark) between
oppositely charged ions (1 mark). These forces of attraction act in all directions (1 mark).
(3 marks)
Q13: Discuss the properties of a giant ionic lattice.
A=
They have high melting points and high boiling points
This is because of large amounts of energy
needed to break the many strong bonds
(3 marks)
Q14. When melted or dissolved in water, ionic compounds conduct electricity. Describe how this
occurs.
A= The ions are free to move (1 mark) and so charge can flow (1 mark).
(2 marks)
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