Chapter 1 Chemistry: The Study of Change
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Complete the following sentence. A scientific law is:
A. a tentative explanation for a set of observations that can be tested by further experimentation.
B. a statement describing a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same
conditions.
C. a unifying principle that explains a body of facts and relations.
D. a model used to visualize the invisible.
2. Choose the response that includes all the items listed below that are pure substances.
i. orange juice ii. steam iii. wine iv. oxygen v. vegetable soup
A. i, iii, v
B. ii, iv
C. i, iii, iv
D. iv only
E. All of them are pure.
3. Which of these is an example of a physical property?
A. corrosiveness of sulfuric acid
B. toxicity of cyanide
C. flammability of gasoline
D. neutralization of stomach acid with an antacid
E. lead becomes a liquid when heated to 601C
4. Which one of these is an example of a physical property?
A. dynamite explodes
B. meat rots if it is not refrigerated
C. honey tastes sweet
D. ice floats on top of liquid water
E. a silver platter tarnishes
5. Which one of these represents a physical change?
A. water, when heated, forms steam
B. bleach turns hair yellow
C. sugar, when heated, becomes brown
D. milk turns sour
E. apples, when exposed to air, turn brown
6. Which one of these represents a physical change?
A. battery cables corrode
B. bleach turns hair yellow
C. sugar, if heated enough, turns black and loses its sweetness
D. milk turns sour
E. lard, when heated, changes to liquid
7. All of these statements describe properties of sodium. Which one describes a physical property of
sodium?
A. Sodium's surface turns black when first exposed to air.
B. Sodium is a solid at 25C and changes to a liquid when heated to 98C.
C. When placed in water, sodium sizzles and a gas is formed.
D. When placed in contact with chlorine, sodium forms a compound that melts at 801C.
E. Sodium is never found as the pure metal in nature.
8. All of these statements describe properties of tin. Which one describes a chemical property of tin?
A. Tin can be hammered into a thin sheet.
B. At -40C a sheet of tin crumbles to a gray powder.
C. Tin melts at 231.9C.
D. When a bar of tin is bent, it emits an audible "cry".
E. Tin dissolves slowly in cold, dilute hydrochloric acid, but it dissolves readily in concentrated
hydrochloric acid.
9. Which one of these represents a chemical change?
A. boiling water to form steam
B. turning hair yellow with bleach
C. melting butter
D. mixing powdered charcoal and oxygen at room temperature
E. cutting a bar of sodium metal into pieces with a knife
10. Which one of these represents a chemical change?
A. lard when heated changes to liquid
B. water disappears from a beaker in a few days at room temperature
C. sugar dissolving in water
D. milk turns sour in a few days at room temperature
E. water boils below 100C on a mountain
11. Which one of these represents a chemical change?
A. heating water to form steam
B. sliced apples, in contact with air, turning brown
C. sugar dissolving in hot coffee
D. mixing sugar and cinnamon
E. cutting a bar of sodium metal into pieces with a knife
12. Which of these does not represent a chemical change?
A. a freshly cut apple turns brown
B. milk turns sour on standing at room temperature
C. when cooled, liquid water becomes ice
D. bread rises when baking
E. fermentation of sugar to alcohol
13. Condensation refers to which conversion?
A. solid gas
B. solid liquid
C. gas liquid
D. gas solid
E. liquid gas
14. The SI prefixes giga and micro represent, respectively:
A. 10-9 and 10-6.
B. 106 and 10-3.
C. 103 and 10-3.
D. 109 and 10-6.
E. 10-9 and 10-3.
15. The SI prefixes milli and mega represent, respectively:
A. 106 and 10-6.
B. 10-3 and 106.
C. 103 and 10-6.
D. 10-3 and 109.
E. 10-6 and 10-3.
16. The SI prefixes kilo and centi represent, respectively:
A. 103 and 10-2.
B. 106 and 10-1.
C. 10-3 and 10-2.
D. 10-6 and 102.
E. 102 and 10-3.
17. The diameter of an atom is approximately 1 10-8 cm. What is this diameter when expressed in
nanometers?
A. 1 10-19 nm
B. 1 10-15 nm
C. 1 101 nm
D. 1 10-10 nm
E. 1 10-1 nm
18. 6.0 km is how many micrometers?
A. 6.0 106 µm
B. 1.7 10-7 µm
C. 6.0 109 µm
D. 1.7 10-4 µm
E. 6.0 103 µm
19. 2.4 km is how many millimeters?
A. 2,400 mm
B. 2.4 104 mm
C. 2.4 105 mm
D. 2.4 106 mm
E. 2.4 10-5 mm
20. How many milliliters is 0.005 L?
A. 0.5 mL
B. 5 mL
C. 0.50 mL
D. 0.000005 mL
E. 200 mL
21. Express 7,500 nm as picometers.
A. 7.50 pm
B. 75.0 pm
C. 750 pm
D. 7.5 106 pm
E. 7.5 1012 pm
22. Which of these quantities represents the largest mass?
A. 2.0 102 mg
B. 0.0010 kg
C. 1.0 105 g
D. 2.0 102 cg
E. 10.0 dg
23. Lead melts at 601.0C. What temperature is this in F?
A. 302F
B. 365F
C. 1,050F
D. 1,082F
E. 1,114F
24. Ammonia boils at -33.4C. What temperature is this in F?
A. -60.1F
B. -92.1F
C. -28.1F
D. -18.5F
E. +13.5F
25. Many home freezers maintain a temperature of 0F. Express this temperature in C.
A. -32C
B. -18C
C. 0C
D. 18C
E. 57.6C
26. The highest temperature ever recorded in Phoenix, Arizona, was 122F. Express this temperature in C.
A. 50.0C
B. 64.4C
C. 67.8C
D. 162.0C
E. 219.6C
27. Dry ice (carbon dioxide) changes from a solid to a gas at -78.5C. What is this temperature in F?
A. -173F
B. -12.6F
C. -109F
D. -75.6F
E. None of them are within 2F of the right answer.
28. The number 1.050 109 has how many significant figures?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 9
E. 13
29. How many significant figures are there in 1.3070 g?
A. 6
B. 5
C. 4
D. 3
E. 2
30. After carrying out the operations below, how many significant figures are appropriate to show in the
result?
(13.7 + 0.027) 8.221
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
31. How many significant figures does the product 8.52010 7.9 contain?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6
32. How many significant figures does the sum 8.5201 + 1.93 contain?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
33. How many significant figures does the sum 8.520 + 2.7 contain?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
34. How many significant figures does the difference 218.7201 - 218.63 contain?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5
E. 7
35. Do the indicated arithmetic and give the answer to the correct number of significant figures.
(1.5 10-4 61.3) + 2.01 =
A. 2.0192
B. 2.0
C. 2.019
D. 2.02
E. 2.019195
36. When 7.02C is converted to the Fahrenheit scale, how many significant figures are there in the F result?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
37. How many cubic inches are in 1.00 liter?
A. 61.0 in3
B. 155 in3
C. 394 in3
D. 1.64 104 in3
E. none of them
38. Convert 500. milliliters to quarts. (1L = 1.06 qt)
A. 1.88 qt
B. 0.472 qt
C. 0.528 qt
D. 4.72 105 qt
E. 5.28 105 qt
39. A US barrel is 4.21 cubic feet. Express this volume in liters.
A. 3.99 10-5 L
B. 1.99 10-2 L
C. 19.9 L
D. 105 L
E. 119 L
40. A barrel of oil contains 42.0 gallons. How many liters is this? (1L = 1.06 qt)
A. 9.9 L
B. 11 L
C. 142 L
D. 158 L
E. 178 L
41. The average distance from Earth to the sun is 9.3 107 miles. How many kilometers is this?
A. 1.5 108 km
B. 1.5 105 km
C. 5.6 107 km
D. 1.7 10-8 km
E. 1.5 1011 km
42. What is the area, in square centimeters, of a rectangle that is 6.0 inches by 7/8 inch?
A. 0.81 cm2
B. 2.1 cm2
C. 5.3 cm2
D. 13 cm2
E. 34 cm2
43. Suppose a house has a floor area of 2,250 square feet. What is this area in units of square centimeters?
A. 2.42 cm2
B. 2.09 106 cm2
C. 5.02 104 cm2
D. 6.86 104 cm2
E. 101 cm2
44. What is the volume, in cubic centimeters, of a brick that is 12.0 in. 20 mm 2.0 cm?
A. 10 cm3
B. 48 cm3
C. 120 cm3
D. 480 cm3
E. 1,220 cm3
45. How many square kilometers are equivalent to 28.5 cm2?
A. 2.85 10-9 km2
B. 2.85 10-6 km2
C. 285 km2
D. 2.85 10-4 km2
E. 2.85 10-2 km2
46. How many cubic centimeters are there in exactly one cubic meter?
A. 1 10-6 cm3
B. 1 10-3 cm3
C. 1 10-2 cm3
D. 1 104 cm3
E. 1 106 cm3
47. If a car has an EPA mileage rating of 30 miles per gallon, what is this rating in kilometers per liter? (1 L =
1.06 qt)
A. 200 km/L
B. 180 km/L
C. 70 km/L
D. 13 km/L
E. 11 km/L
48. If the price of gasoline is $1.14 per U.S. gallon, what is the cost per liter? (1 L = 1.06 qt)
A. $0.0434/L
B. $4.83/L
C. $0.302/L
D. $0.269/L
E. $1.07/L
49. An aluminum beverage can contains 12.0 fluid ounces of liquid. Express this volume in microliters. (1 fl
oz = 29.6 mL)
A. 0.355 µL
B. 355 µL
C. 405 µL
D. 4.05 103 µL
E. 3.55 105 µL
50. 157.2 106 troy oz of silver were used in the United States in 1980. How many gigagrams is this? (1 troy
oz = 31.1 g)
A. 4.89 109 Gg
B. 4.89 Gg
C. 5.05 10-9 Gg
D. 3.12 Gg
E. 5.05 10-3 Gg
51. Table salt (sodium chloride) is 39.1% sodium. How many grams of salt contains 72.0 g of sodium?
A. 28.2 g salt
B. 72.0 g salt
C. 184 g salt
D. 2,820 g salt
E. 1.84 105 g salt
52. A piece of metal with a mass of 125 g is placed into a graduated cylinder that contains 25.00 mL of water,
raising the water level to 56.00 mL. What is the density of the metal?
A. 5.00 g/cm3
B. 4.03 g/cm3
C. 2.23 g/cm3
D. 1.51 g/cm3
E. 0.25 g/cm3
53. A piece of metal with a mass of 114 g was placed into a graduated cylinder that contained 25.00 mL of
water, raising the water level to 42.50 mL. What is the density of the metal?
A. 0.154 g/cm3
B. 0.592 g/cm3
C. 2.68 g/cm3
D. 6.51 g/cm3
E. 7.25 g/cm3
54. Given the following densities at 25oC:
magnesium: 1.7 g/cm3 graphite: 1.8 g/cm3 iron: 7.9 g/cm3
A block of iron has a mass of 826 g. What is the mass of a block of magnesium that has the same volume
as the block of iron?
A. 1,400 g
B. 3,800 g
C. 830 g
D. 180 g
E. 90 g
55. Given the following densities at 25oC:
magnesium: 1.7 g/cm3 graphite: 1.8 g/cm3 iron: 7.9 g/cm3
A block of iron has a mass of 483 g. What is the mass of a block of graphite that has the same volume as
the block of iron?
A. 110 g
B. 2,120 g
C. 6,870 g
D. 34 g
E. 483 g
56. Calculate the mass of the air contained in a room that measures
2.50 m 5.50 m 3.00 m (density of air = 1.29 g/dm3 at 25C).
A. 3.13 10-5 g
B. 32.0 kg
C. 53.2 kg
D. 53.2 g
E. 32.0 g
57. The density of lead is 11.4 g/cm3 at 25C. Calculate the volume occupied by 25.0 g of lead.
A. 2.19 cm3
B. 0.456 cm3
C. 285 cm3
D. 1.24 cm3
E. 6.05 cm3
58. Iron has a density of 7.86 g/cm3. The volume occupied by 55.85 g of iron is
A. 0.141 cm3
B. 7.11 cm3
C. 2.8 cm3
D. 439 cm3
E. 50.6 cm3
59. Bromine is a red liquid at 25C. Its density is 3.12 g/cm3. What is the volume of 28.1 g of liquid bromine?
A. 87.7 cm3
B. 0.111 cm3
C. 9.01 cm3
D. 28.1 cm3
E. 111 cm3
60. The Hope diamond weighs 44.0 carats. Determine the volume occupied by the diamond, given that its
density is 3.5 g/cm3 at 20C, and that 1 carat = 0.200 g.
A. 2.5 cm3
B. 0.40 cm3
C. 0.016 cm3
D. 63 cm3
E. 150 cm3
61. What is the volume of a 2.5 g block of metal if its density is 4.75 g/cm3?
A. 0.53 cm3
B. 1.9 cm3
C. 2.5 cm3
D. 4.75 cm3
E. 11.9 cm3
62. The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3. How many liters does 251 g of Hg occupy?
A. 18.5 L
B. 54.9 L
C. 1.85 10-2 L
D. 5.42 10-2 L
E. 3.41 103 L
63. The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3. How many quarts does 100. g of Hg occupy?
(1 L = 1.06 qt)
A. 144 qt
B. 7.35 qt
C. 7.79 qt
D. 7.79 10-3 qt
E. 1.44 10-4 qt
64. A person walking fast requires 5.0 kcal of energy per minute. How many minutes of such exercise are
required to consume 520 kcal, the energy in a large bag of French fries?
A. 0.0096 min
B. 100 min
C. 130 min
D. 520 min
E. 2,600 min
65. Some molecules move with speeds approaching the "escape velocity" from Earth, which is 7.0 miles per
second. What is this speed in cm/h? (1 mile = 1609 m)
A. 313 cm/h
B. 4.1 105 cm/h
C. 4.1 109 cm/h
D. 1.1 106 cm/h
E. 1.6 109 cm/h
66. Which of the following speeds is the greatest?
A. 40 mi/h
B. 2.0 105 mm/min
C. 40 km/h
D. 0.74 km/min
E. 400 m/min
67. The diameter of Earth is 12.7 Mm. Express this diameter in centimeters.
A. 1.27 105 cm
B. 1.27 106 cm
C. 1.27 107 cm
D. 1.27 108 cm
E. 1.27 109 cm
68. Iron has a density of 7.87 g/cm3. What mass of iron would be required to cover a football playing surface
of 120 yds 60 yds to a depth of 1.0 mm? (1 inch = 2.54 cm)
A. 76 kg
B. 47 Mg
C. 7.6 105 g
D. 4.7 108 g
E. 1.9 107 g
69. Americans combined drive about 4.0 109 miles per day and their vehicles get an average of 20 miles per
gallon of fuel used. For each 1 kg of gasoline that is burned, about 3.0 kg of carbon dioxide are produced.
How many kilograms of CO2 are emitted into the atmosphere each day by cars in the U.S.? One gallon of
gas weighs about 3.5 kg.
A. 2.1 109 kg
B. 8.4 1011 kg
C. 1.7 108 kg
D. 93 kg
E. 9.3 1010 kg
70. How many cubic centimeters of ore containing 0.22% by mass gold must be processed to obtain $100
worth of gold? The density of the ore is 8.0 g/cm3 and the price of gold is $418 per troy ounce. (14.6 troy
oz = 1.0 ordinary pound, called an avoirdupois pound; 1 lb = 454 g)
A. 42 cm3
B. 2.7 104 cm3
C. 4.2 102 cm3
D. 6,200 cm3
E. 9.3 10-1 cm3
71. Radio waves travel at the speed of light, which is 3.00 108 m/s. How many minutes does it take for a
radio message to reach Earth from Saturn if Saturn is 7.9 108 km from Earth?
A. 4.4 10-2 min
B. 1.6 105 min
C. 4.0 1015 min
D. 44 min
E. 2.6 min
72. Radio waves travel at the speed of light, which is 3.00 108 m/s. How many kilometers will radio
messages to outer space travel in exactly one year?
A. 9.46 1015 km
B. 7.30 108 km
C. 7.10 1010 km
D. 9.46 1012 km
E. 3.33 10-3 km
73. The city of Los Angeles is now approximately 2400 miles south of Alaska. It is moving slowly northward
as the San Andreas fault slides along. If Los Angeles is to arrive near Anchorage, Alaska, in 76 million
years, at what average rate will it have to move in mm per month?
A. 2.0 10-10 mm/mo
B. 6.6 10-6 mm/mo
C. 4.2 mm/mo
D. 9.5 mm/mo
E. 51 mm/mo
74. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) of calcium is 1.2 g. Calcium carbonate contains 12.0% calcium
by mass. How many grams of calcium carbonate are needed to provide the RDA of calcium?
A. 0.10 g
B. 0.14 g
C. 1.2 g
D. 10 g
E. 14 g
75. The radius of the Earth is approximately 6370 km. If one could dig down straight towards the center of the
Earth, one would find that the outermost 2890 km (the crust and the mantle) has an average density of
about 4.5 g/cm3. Farther down is the core. If the average density of the Earth is 5.5 g/cm3, what is the
average density of the Earth's core? (Recall that the volume of a sphere is given by V = (4/3)r3.)
A. 11. g/cm3
B. 57. g/cm3
C. 6.2 g/cm3
D. 1.9 g/cm3
E. Not enough data is provided.
76. The radius of the Earth is approximately 6370 km. If one could dig down straight towards the center of the
Earth, one would find that the innermost 3480 km (the core) has an average density of about 11. g/cm3.
Above that are the mantle and crust. If the average density of the Earth is 5.5 g/cm3, what is the average
density of the Earth's mantle and crust? (Recall that the volume of a sphere is given by V = (4/3)r3.)
A. 57. g/cm3
B. 4.5 g/cm3
C. 8.7 g/cm3
D. 5.3 g/cm3
E. Not enough data is provided.
77. An object sinks when placed in water if the mass of the object is greater than the mass of the water that the
object displaces. Which of these objects will not sink when dropped into a bucket of water?
(Given: density of water = 1.00 g/cm3)
A. a cube of aluminum (density = 2.702 g/cm3)
B. a diamond (density = 3.51 g/cm3)
C. a chunk of dry ice (density = 1.56 g/cm3)
D. a chunk of sodium (density = 0.91 g/cm3)
E. a sphere of magnesium (density = 1.74 g/cm3)
78. An object will float at the surface of a liquid if the mass of the object is less than the mass of the liquid that
it displaces. A spherical vessel (diameter = 2.00 cm) when empty has a mass of 2.00 g. What is the greatest
volume of water that can be placed in the vessel and still have the vessel float at the surface of water?
(Given: density of water = 1.00 g/cm3)
A. 2.00 mL
B. 31.5 mL
C. 2.19 mL
D. 4.19 mL
E. The vessel will not float even when empty.
79. An object will float at the surface of a liquid if the mass of the object is less than the mass of the liquid that
it displaces. A spherical vessel (diameter = 5.00 cm) when empty has a mass of 12.00 g. What is the
greatest volume of water that can be placed in the vessel and still have the vessel float at the surface of
benzene?
(Given: density of water = 1.00 g/cm3; density of benzene = 0.879 g/cm3)
A. 45.5 mL
B. 448 mL
C. 53.4 mL
D. 57.5 mL
E. 65.4 mL
80. One of the common intravenous fluids, called physiological saline, is a homogeneous mixture of NaCl in
water. In this mixture, 0.89% of the mass is contributed by the NaCl. What mass of NaCl is found in 450.
mL of physiological saline?
(Given: density of physiological saline = 1.005 g/cm3)
A. 2.0 g
B. 4.0 g
C. 5.1 g
D. 508 g
E. 400 g
81. A special flask used in the determination of densities, called a pycnometer, has a mass of 16.3179 g when
empty, and it has a mass of 48.0250 g when filled with water at 20.0C. When this same pycnometer is
filled with ethyl alcohol at 20.0C, it is found to have a mass of 41.3934 g. Find the density of ethyl
alcohol at 20.0C.
(Given: at 20.0C, the density of water is 0.9982 g/mL)
A. 0.7894 g/mL
B. 0.7923 g/mL
C. 0.7908 g/mL
D. 1.303 g/mL
E. 0.7674 g/mL
82. A particular flask has a mass of 17.4916 g when empty. When filled with ordinary water at 20.0C
(density = 0.9982 g/mL), the mass of the flask is now 43.9616 g. The density of so-called "heavy water" at
20.0C is 1.1053 g/mL. What will the mass of the flask be when filled with heavy water at 20.0C?
A. 29.2573 g
B. 46.8016 g
C. 46.7489 g
D. 29.3100 g
E. 43.9140 g
83. Define matter.
84. What are the three states of matter?
85. What are the common names for the three states of the compound water?
86. Define pure substance.
87. Give three examples of pure substances.
88. Define mixture.
89. Name two types of mixtures.
90. Give three examples of mixtures.
91. Define element.
92. Define compound.
93. Give examples of three physical properties.
94. Give an example of an extensive property.
95. Give an example of an intensive property.
96. Identify this process as a physical or chemical change: Bacteria converts milk to yogurt.
97. Identify this process as a physical or chemical change: Water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.
98. Identify this process as a physical or chemical change: Formation of snowflakes.
99. Identify this process as a physical or chemical change: Rusting of a piece of iron.
100. Identify this process as a physical or chemical change: Ripening of fruit.
101. Identify this process as a physical or chemical change: Fashioning a table leg from a piece of wood.
102. Identify this process as a physical or chemical change: Fermenting grapes.
103. Classify brewed coffee (ready to drink) as a mixture, a compound, or an element.
104. Classify sugar, such as you might put in a cup of coffee, as a mixture, a compound, or an element.
105. Classify an iron frying pan (in which you might cook your eggs) as a mixture, a compound, or an element.
106. Classify salt (what you might put on your eggs) as a mixture, a compound, or an element.
107. Classify orange juice as a mixture, a compound, or an element.
108. An organic liquid has a density of 0.8 g/cm3. What is the mass of a 42.0 mL sample of this liquid?
109. What is the density of copper if 11.8 cm3 of copper has a mass of 105.2 g?
110. An automobile engine has a piston displacement of 1,600 cm3. How many liters is this?
111. An automobile engine has a piston displacement of 1,600 cm3. How many cubic inches is this? (1 in = 2.54
cm)
112. An investor paid a large price for a chunk of gold that he was told was pure. The gold bar had a mass of
440 g, but was slightly irregular so an exact volume could not be calculated. The investor filled a large
graduated cylinder with water, immersed the chunk of gold, and observed an increase in the apparent
volume of material in the graduated cylinder of 25.0 mL. Pure gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm3. Did the
investor get his money's worth? Why or why not?
113. Occasionally, uranium hexafluoride is transported by ship in sealed containers. If an accident should occur
and the ship were to sink, would the uranium hexafluoride be a solid or a liquid? (melting point of uranium
hexafluoride is 64.5C)
114. An American engineer who had been transferred to Europe was asked to build bridge pilings exactly as he
had in the United States. Each piling required 20.0 cubic yards of concrete in the United States. How many
cubic meters of concrete are required for each piling? Given: + 1 yd = 0.914 m.
115. A soft drink costs 55 cents for a 12-oz can. A one-liter bottle costs $1.25. In which form is the soft drink
more expensive? How much more expensive? (1.0 L = 1.057 qt, 1 qt = 32 oz)
116. A person weighs 150 lb, and the correct dosage of a drug is given as 1.50 mg per kilogram of body weight.
How many milligrams of the drug should be given? (2.20 lb = 1 kg)
You have just measured a block of wood; listed below is a partial table of your data. Fill in the blanks.
Mass = 55.120 g
Length (l) = 8.5 cm
Height (h) = 4.3 cm
Width (w) = 3.3 cm
117. Volume of the wood block = __________________
118. Density of the wood block = __________________
You have just measured a metal cylinder; listed below is a partial table of your data. Fill in the blanks.
Mass = 3.543 g
Diameter = 0.53 cm
Height = 4.4 cm
Using the formulas below determine:
(V=r2 h, where r = radius, h = height, = 3.14)
119. Volume of the cylinder (V) = __________
120. Density of the cylinder = __________
You have just measured a sugar cube; listed below is a partial table of your data. Fill in the blanks.
Mass = 1.856 g
Height = 1.3 cm
Length = 1.3 cm
Width = 1.3 cm
121. Volume of the cube = __________
122. Density of the sugar cube = __________
123. Total surface area = __________
124. A geologist in the desert finds a huge rock in the shape of a cube. He would like to know the weight of it.
However, since the rock is as big as a three-story building, he can't very well weigh it on his triple beam
balance. He therefore removes some chips from the rock with his hammer and collects the following data:
mass of rock chips = 50.00 g
volume of rock chips = 25.0 cm3
Length of one side of rock cube = 10.0 meters
Determine the mass of this large rock in kilograms, assuming that the rock is of uniform composition.
125. Classify ice cream as a pure substance or a mixture.
126. Classify bread as a pure substance or a mixture.
127. Classify snow as a pure substance or a mixture.
128. Classify a penny as a pure substance or a mixture.
129. Classify Seven-Up® as a pure substance or a mixture.
130. A pure yellow crystalline substance, when heated in a vacuum, releases a greenish gas and a red powder. Is
the original yellow crystalline substance a compound or element?
131. Classify this process as a physical or chemical change: Antifreeze boils out of a radiator.
132. Classify this process as a physical or chemical change: A dish of cherries jubilee is flamed with brandy.
133. Classify this process as a physical or chemical change: A firefly emits light.
134. Classify this process as a physical or chemical change: Food spoils.
135. Classify this process as a physical or chemical change: Alcohol evaporates.
136. What is the density of a salt solution if 50.0 mL of the solution has a mass of 57.0 g?
137. What is the volume occupied by 35 g of ouzo, which has a density of 0.940 g/mL?
138. What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?
139. An excavator is preparing to dig a basement for a new house. Part of his contract reads that he must
dispose of all the dirt he removes while digging the basement in an EPA approved landfill. He will dig a
hole that is 40 feet wide by 50 feet long and 7.5 feet deep. He first uses his shovel and scoops up 1.00 kg
of dirt, and then determines that the dirt has a volume of 600 cm3. The excavator knows that his dump
truck can only carry 8,000 kg of dirt. How many dump-truck loads will it take to haul the dirt away?
140. To save money the U.S. government changed the metal from which it makes pennies. From the data shown
in the Mass & Density Table, determine when the government changed the composition of a penny
141. The Wall Street Journal lists the price of copper at $1.33 per pound. Assuming that "old" pennies are pure
copper, use the data in the Mass & Density Table to find the value of the metal in one "old" penny. (1 lb =
454 g)
142. The Wall Street Journal lists the price of zinc at $.52 per pound. Assuming that "new" pennies are pure
zinc, use the data in the Mass & Density Table to find the value of the metal in one "new" penny. (1 lb =
454 g)
143. The Wall Street Journal lists the price of copper at $1.33 per pound the price of zinc at $.52 per pound.
Assuming that "old" pennies are pure copper and "new" pennies are pure zinc, use the Mass & Density
Table to compare the value of the metal in one "old" penny and one "new" penny. Approximately how
much are taxpayers saving per one billion new pennies minted (compared to old pennies)?
144. An aluminum can weighs 15.8 g. The Wall Street Journal lists the price for aluminum at $.528 per pound.
How much is this can worth? (1 lb = 454 g)
145. The contents of bottles containing alcohol and mercury are mixed together. Alcohol has a density of 0.7
g/mL. Mercury has a density of 14 g/mL. Which liquid forms the top layer of the mixture?
146. Classify this process as either a physical or a chemical property: Ice melts at 0C.
147. Classify this process as either a physical or a chemical property: Newspaper burns.
148. Classify this process as either a physical or a chemical property: The vitamin content of foods in contact
with air falls.
149. Classify air as an element, a compound, or a mixture.
150. Classify table salt as an element, a compound, or a mixture.
151. Classify baking soda as an element, a compound, or a mixture.
152. Classify wine as an element, a compound, or a mixture.
153. Classify oxygen gas as an element, a compound, or a mixture.
154. How many significant figures does the number 30.340 contain?
155. How many significant figures does the number 0.00721 contain?
156. The number 9.64870 105 contains how many significant figures?
157. What will be the cost of gasoline for a 3,710-mile trip in a car that gets 13.3 miles per gallon, if the
average price of gas is 89.9¢ per gallon?
158. What will be the cost of gasoline for a 4,710-mile automobile trip if the car gets 27.3 miles per gallon, and
the average price of gas is $1.249 per gallon?
159. The volume of a sphere is given by V = (4/3)r3 where r is the radius. What is the mass of a magnesium
sphere with a radius of 0.80 cm? (The density of magnesium is 1.74 g/cm3.)
160. The density of lead is 11.4 g/cm3. Express this density in pounds per cubic foot.
161. What is the mass of 1.00 dm3 of mercury? The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3.
162. The weight of a body varies according to the force of gravity exerted on the body.
True False
163. The SI base unit of length is the centimeter.
True False
164. Mass, length, and volume are extensive properties, but density is an intensive property.
True False
165. 20C is colder than 40F.
True False
166. 16 megagrams (Mg) is equal to 1.6 107 g.
True False
167. The conversion of water into steam is an example of a chemical change.
True False
Chapter 1 Chemistry: The Study of Change Key
1.B
2.B
3.E
4.D
5.A
6.E
7.B
8.E
9.B
10.D
11.B
12.C
13.C
14.D
15.B
16.A
17.E
18.C
19.D
20.B
21.D
22.D
23.E
24.C
25.B
26.A
27.C
28.C
29.B
30.C
31.A
32.D
33.C
34.A
35.D
36.C
37.A
38.C
39.E
40.D
41.A
42.E
43.B
44.C
45.A
46.E
47.D
48.C
49.E
50.B
51.C
52.B
53.D
54.D
55.A
56.C
57.A
58.B
59.C
60.A
61.A
62.C
63.D
64.B
65.C
66.A
67.E
68.B
69.A
70.C
71.D
72.D
73.C
74.D
75.A
76.B
77.D
78.C
79.A
80.B
81.A
82.B
[Link] is anything that occupies space and has mass.
[Link], liquid, and gas
[Link], water, and steam
[Link] that has a definite composition
87.(Answers will vary.) Gold, sugar, oxygen, argon, water, methane
88.A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities.
[Link] mixture and heterogeneous mixture
90.(Answers will vary.) Air, gasoline, sea water, salt and sand, iron filings and sand
[Link] element is a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.
92.A compound is a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions.
93.(Answers will vary.) Melting point, boiling point, density, color
94.(Answers will vary.) Mass, length, and volume
95.(Answers will vary.) Temperature, density, melting point, boiling point
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
108.30 g
109.8.92 g/cm3
110.1.6 L
111.98 in3
[Link]. The investor's metal density is 17.6 g/cm3, thus the bar must not be pure gold.
[Link]
114.15.3 m3
[Link] one-liter bottle is the better value. The can is 1.2 times more expensive.
116.102 mg
117.120 cm3
118.0.46 g/cm3
119.0.97 cm3
120.3.7 g/cm3
121.2.2 cm3
122.0.84 g/cm3
123.10. cm2
124.2 106 kg
[Link]
[Link]
[Link] substance
[Link]
129. Mixture
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
136.1.14 g/mL
137.37 mL
138.A pure substance has a definite and fixed composition. A mixture has a variable composition.
139.89 dump-truck loads
140. Based on the Mass & Density Table, the change occurred between 1979 and 1984. (Note: If one were to redo the experiment, one could
determine that the change happened in 1982.)
141. $ 0.0090
142. $ 0.0029
143. $6,100,000
144.$ 0.0184
[Link] is on top; mercury is on the bottom.
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
154.5
155.3
156.6
157. $251
158.$215
159.3.7 g
160.711 lbs/ft3
161.1.36 104g
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
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