RATIONALIZED NOTES (BOTH COMPREHENSIVE & SIMPLIFIED) AS PER THE PRESIDENTIAL
WORKING PARTY ON EDUCATION REFORMS (PWPER) IN CONJUCTION WITH KICD.
MATHEMATICS NOTES
GRADE 8 JSS (COMPREHENSIVE VERSION)
COMPLETE TEACHING/LEARNING NOTES UPROVED BY KICD
This PDF Comprises Part of the notes for the named
Subject/Learning Area above as per the curriculum
designed and approved by KICD in line with the
reforms form the Presidential Working Party on
Education Reforms(PWPER)
{Ref. No: MOE.HQS.3/1/1}.
For Complete Notes and Similar
Resources:
Contact:
Mr Machuki – 0724333200
or Order online
at:
www.kenyaeducators.co.ke
KENYA EDUCATORS CONSULTANCY
Compiled and Distributed by Kenya Educators Consultancy, P.O.BOX 15400-00500, Nairobi.
Tel 0724333200 E-mail [email protected]. ORDER COMPLETE NOTES & SIMILAR RESOURCES AT
www.kenyaeducators.co.ke or Contact 0724333200/0768321553/0795491185
RATIONALIZED NOTES (BOTH COMPREHENSIVE & SIMPLIFIED) AS PER THE PRESIDENTIAL
WORKING PARTY ON EDUCATION REFORMS (PWPER) IN CONJUCTION WITH KICD.
COMPLETE MATHEMATICS
NOTES
FOR JUNIOR SECONDARY
SCHOOLS (GRADE 8)
Compiled and Distributed by Kenya Educators Consultancy, P.O.BOX 15400-00500, Nairobi.
Tel 0724333200 E-mail
[email protected]. ORDER COMPLETE NOTES & SIMILAR RESOURCES AT
www.kenyaeducators.co.ke or Contact 0724333200/0768321553/0795491185
RATIONALIZED NOTES (BOTH COMPREHENSIVE & SIMPLIFIED) AS PER THE PRESIDENTIAL
WORKING PARTY ON EDUCATION REFORMS (PWPER) IN CONJUCTION WITH KICD.
About the book:
Education is a key for a country’s development, but it
becomes a hindrance when it is unequally distributed. This
big problem of disparity in Education system can be solved
through technology. Hence it’s high time we embrace
technology in Education sooner than later.
Teachers will therefore use the book in their laptops to teach
and even give students notes to read online after revision.
Compiled and Distributed by Kenya Educators Consultancy, P.O.BOX 15400-00500, Nairobi.
Tel 0724333200 E-mail
[email protected]. ORDER COMPLETE NOTES & SIMILAR RESOURCES AT
www.kenyaeducators.co.ke or Contact 0724333200/0768321553/0795491185
RATIONALIZED NOTES (BOTH COMPREHENSIVE & SIMPLIFIED) AS PER THE PRESIDENTIAL
WORKING PARTY ON EDUCATION REFORMS (PWPER) IN CONJUCTION WITH KICD.
Acknowledgment:
We would like to acknowledge K.L.B for using some
of their examples and illustration. We would also
like to acknowledge K.N.E.C for using their
Examiners to prepare some revision questions at the
end of each strand/topic.
BELOW IS A SAMPLE OF THE NOTES FOR
MATHEMATICS GRADE 8
Compiled and Distributed by Kenya Educators Consultancy, P.O.BOX 15400-00500, Nairobi.
Tel 0724333200 E-mail
[email protected]. ORDER COMPLETE NOTES & SIMILAR RESOURCES AT
www.kenyaeducators.co.ke or Contact 0724333200/0768321553/0795491185
Contents
1.0: Numbers L
1.1: Integers., 1
t.2: Froctions 8
t.3: Decimols... t4
t.4: Squores ond Squore Roots 25
1.5: Rotes, Rotios, Proportion ond Percentqges ..... 36
2.O..
2.1:
)).
3.0:
3.1 Circles
3.2 Areo
).5 Moneg
4.Oz
4.1: Geometricql Constructions ... 100
4.2: Coordinotes and Grophs............;', t28
4.3: Scole Drowing r43
4.4: Common Solids 158
5.0: Data Handling and Probqbility....,.. .....
e ..L78
5.1: Dotq Presentotion qnd Interpretotion........... 178
5.2: 197
't
111
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Nurnbers
Integers
Identifying Integers ln Different Situati0ns
Activity 1 Work in groups
(i) Mork o reference point on q level ground.
(ii) Mqke five steps from the reference point, morking eoch step'
(iii) From the same reference point, moke ond mqrk five steps in the opposite
direction.
Consider moving forwqrd os o positive direction whereos moving
bockword qs o negotive direction.
(iv) Using (0) qs the reference point, ossign o positive sign (+ve) to eoch of
the number of steps mqde forwqrd ond negotive sign (-ve) to eoch of the
number of steps mode bqckword.
(v) Discuss ond shqre gour work with other groups.
Activity 2 Work in groups
(i) Choose o reference point (O) on o level ground.
(ii) '$?'rite numbers on cqrdsto represent positive steps or negotive steps.
(iii) In groups, pick o cord ond moke steps from the reference point occording
to the number of steps indicoted.
whole numbers, negqtive whole numbers ond zero ore colled integers.
Representing Xntegers oh a Number hifie
Activlty 3 Work in groups
Consider the following integers:
-5,-1, +4,-3r 0, +1, +3,+2,+5,-4,-2
(i) Represent the integers on o number line.
(ii) Discuss ond shqre with other groups.
1
Approuedbyltl00
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{[lCD
Learning Points
So ution
(q)
-4 -3 -1 0 +1 +3 +4
of( +2)
(-2) is less thon (+2)
(-2) < (+2)
(b)
-8 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 Q; +1 +2 +3 +4 +5
(-7) is to the left of (-l)
(-7) is less thon (-l)
(*7) < (-1)
(c)
-5 -3 -2 +4 +5
(+3) is on the right of (- )
(+3) is greorer than (-4)
(+3) > (-4)
Exercise 1
se ct er the exercise
1 Identifu the greoter number in eoch poir on o number line.
(o) (-3) ond (+3) (b)
(+5) ond (+11) (c) (_l r) ond (+z)
2 Identifu the smaller number in eoch poir on o number line.
(o) (-2) ond (-8) (b) (+4) ond (-9) (c) (+l) cnd (-1)
3 Use < or ) signs to compore the following poirs of integers:
(o) (-4) (-7) (b) (+2) (*e) (c) (+a)'_,*r,
(d) (+8) _- (_8) (e) (_5) _ (+2) (0 ?12) (_15)
- -
ffi *o*n,** 2
4. Arronge the following integers from the smqllest to the lorgest:
(o) (-1), (+1), (-3), (-7), (-4), (+5)
(b) (+8), (+6), (+2), (-3), (-2), (-5)
(c) (-9), (+9), (-7), (+7), (+3), (-2)
Addition of Integers on a Number Line
Activity 4 Work in groups
.Consider
(-1) + (+5).
(i) Drow q number line.
(ii) Storting'ot (-1), move five steps forwqrd to the right ond circle the
number st the end of the lost step.
(iii) Consider (+3) - (6). (iv) Drow o number line.
(v) Storting ot (+3), move six steps to the left ond circle the number ot the
end of the lost step.
(vi) Discuss ond compore the results obtqined in (iii) ond (vi) with other groups.
n
Exemple a
*
Solution
(o) (+3) + (2) stort
-2-1 0 +1 +2 +4 +6
(+3)+(2)=(+5)
(b) (-7) * (4)
stort
-12 -10 -9 -8 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 I
(-7)* (a) = (-11)
)- ApprowdbyXlcll
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(c) (+8) - (5) + (+3) st(trt
-5 -4 -3 -2 -t Ll +1 +2 +1, +5 +9
(+8)*(5)+(+3)-(+6)
1 Use the nurnber line to vn'ork out the follor,ving:
(o) (+e) + (4) (b) (+1) + (s) {c) (+13) - (4)
(d) (+4) - (5) (e) (--6) - (13) (r) ( _11) _ (5)
2. {Jse o numtrer line to onstver the fbllowing:
(q) (+7) + (3) * (6) (b) t-1) *(7) * (z) (c) (+2) * (s) + (2)
)
a
The bodg tempercrture of cr bobl; rvqs *3tiilc. The ternperoture rose bg
2oC. Find the bodg remperoture cltrer ti:e rise.
A
.a on o certain dog, the ternperoture of'o tc$In u,c.s recorded os lgoc. Bg
mid-dog the temperorure hod risen bg BoC. using s number line, find
the ten:rperoture of the to$Jn otter the rise.
Subtraction of Integers on a Number Line
Activity 5 Work in groups
Consider (+3) - (6).
(i) Drou'rr number line.
(ii) Storting ot (+3), trrlove six steps to the lelt qnd circle rhe number qt the
end of the lost step.
(iii) Consider (+4) - (5)
(iv) Drqw o number line.
(v) Storting ot (+4), riove five steps to the lett ond circle the number qt the
end of the lost step.
(vi) Discuss ond compore the results obtqined in (ii) and (v) with other groups.
Rb 4
{[lCD ApprovedbyK|CD
Solution
(o) Storting from (+3) qnd rnoving four steps to the left.
stort
-3 -2 0+1+2+3+4+5
(+3)-(a)=(-1)
(b) Storting {iom (-4) Gnd moving tw'o steps to the left.
stqrt
*6 -5 *4 -3 *10+L+2+3+4
(*4)- (2) = (-6)
1. Use number lines to work out the follorving:
(q) (+5) - (2) (b) (-4) - (1) (c) (+1) - (3)
(d) (+2) (5) (e) (-7) * (4) (0 (-e) - (6)
2. The temperoture of o liquid wos 150 C before it rvqs ploced in o freezer.
i\fter sometime its temperoture dropped to 20 C. Use q number iine to
find the temperoture difference of the liquid.
3. A monkeg sits on q bronch of o tree 7 m qbove the ground. It jumps
dor,vn 3 m to onother bronch of the tree. Use q number line to find out
hor.v far the monkeg is from the ground crfter the jump.
4. I(omene's phone hos o credit bolonce of Ifth. 20. She sent five rnessoges
ot the rote of IGh. 2 per messqge. Drorv o number iine ond work out her
credit bqlonce.
5. On cr certoin dog, o student messured the temperoture inside o deep
tieezer <rnd found out thor it'uvos *3t'C, lvhiie the room temperoture wos
15oC.\X/hot wos the temperoture ditlerence between the room ond the
Ceep freezer?
5 rpprovedbyXlCD
&
(KICD
Combined Operations of Integers on a Number Line
Combined operations of integers involving two or more operations
Activity 6 Work in groups
Consider (-I) - (6) - (3).
(i) Drqw o number line.
(ii) Storting ot (-1), move six steps to the left ond three steps to the left
ogoin. Circle the number ot the end of the lost step.
(iii) Consider (+2) - (3) - (9). (iv) Drsw o number tine.
(v) Storting at (+2), move three steps to the left ond nine.steps to the left
ogoin. Circle the number qt the end of the lost step.
(vi) Discuss ond compqre the results in (ii) ond (iv) with other groups.
Combined performed on
qt q time following the ond subtrqction.
Solution
(q) Storting from (-3) ond moving five steps to the left then four steps to the
left ogoin.
stop stort
il3 -11 -10 -e -B -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 _2
(-3)-(5)-(4) =(-r2)
(b) Storting from (+6) ond moving two steps to the right then four steps to
the right ogoin.
stort
*4 -3 @ -l 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 15 +6 +7 +g +g
(+6)- (2)-(4) = (0)
/#
(SICD Appnved hy lflCD
6
,'i'
For Complete Notes and Similar
Resources:
Contact:
Mr Machuki – 0724333200
[email protected]
or Order
online at:
www.kenyaeducators.co.ke
KENYA EDUCATORS CONSULTANCY
Compiled and distributed by Kenya Educators Consultancy- 0724333200
Website- www.kenyaeducators.co.ke
