| ‘Untr- Il | Regalos Cxprorscous aud hag agee oe 7 age » aap by Fost aaloval jess carly Apsexbeel Cre called Aegulor eu 2 pce swe ig doy Monty Be or ott ww ONI x! 2be OPERATIONS OF REGOLAR EXPRESSIONS (re) fle are Have au on onguoge oat he openactious of REs @ ONI0N @concate NATION @® crosvure ONION z 1 The wun ne ae aud bo u ‘LULe, be hat are in ether L, or be ov both kee et a& wv Lor yt wa tot ean | > So/l, 0s l= $2,003 L,ULs- $e,0,0,1,1, 04® CONCATENATION The toncatonabion af two aca L, | |48 Lyle volich & Jomeel fy choos OG ae L, and aoe fe Gy a bil 2, oe ble Come ug. ee, ay|edad Ladg a inte Ly, = tee Le= Zou, 4 Lyebse§ loon, ney tof | | | | ‘ \ | ICLoSoRE - ie a im | St Ld Aouoti ec Q ba sige ts “ta taking vi of bog ty i = ann “ fee Or At & abo calba 0+ leas on spy fost |The Potts ea tt doucskd by | 0 | 84 L-= i 1S | [x=2€, lo, \, loo, UO,N. =~ § | | Me la 1 inin.tion N~----%|Consrtuenon oF, Reserak Soncssend) let 2 be Qn oe Cie RE cver & aul He solr that jase. . sued a Ws t Het Os B he Agile OPBLO UA oust auqaoge LCep) af ‘7 Oe oie maps empties darting He @ Lle) = € [eke L @ fe os cach aM ez, aka ad expression . Vasile. Aapeererled Mis appease. ond denoba tte “sek $04 alle <—_o | Unto © ot nae Re) er if ich oe |; ot CKlesne. Close 4 aun dome © Fa pln, oa tone campln FMP (Jen ceates omg Hog Stak @ Y2€< ome tor |[Basic Foamuca on RE et m o (enD* = 1% @lir (en =" ices eit =I Aj oro = "0 @® o+rol*= Ol © €+00* 2 o* ® C40)" = (Io%)” ot. a 7. ae ree © lo.” eo @Mieo+0- weye ao fram tnt (orl)Reo 4 >) wt R, ae @) (c) | R, 2-0 1s Co) 2. @ Rs =! ae. oS * @ r© fs. = o+) Rs, = od co? Raz & cK) om e.g Pi de Cen) ty t ed a - B= efx af (RP) RE Ry = ese (ere RY 2@te+é (7 tod\* gf? po. Re +R, CR, ) Ry a. bat soreleo = 20| | | | | | | 1 ¢ (0 x oI YR 1 lo Ra’ 2 Ke a (R ») a = ([4e(ey4 . se a) i ? : Rete ae =or1e(e te rO+ro€ a @ ay wee ae iy pl? OD. Re + BO (ae Re re a ee oO -=€+00 = E+00 ae Rory Met ton* a 3 = Kes + ,, = | +0(ex%o = +o! RS : Rate () (ay RO = ot we é = a at Co) go 7 Re ies R. = o+14+@CC)” oO — a © © @ a : 2 es a (e! rn (22) Ero(eyo WoW é @®k-2 Ry Sf 2 y Ra” CR)” RR, - 2. E es + 20” Ce Qo G+ 0(@4e0)*o | « €z0 (coy oa Sic €00)* i Coo}* | Ro”, i ge po CR a} a z Oto a os ile +00) | = Ot © (co¥* ee ee oo ee 2 lt “ = +oCoel Ci+o1) = 21+ (00)'Ce +04 ie (oo¥(Er2) =| = I+c*) = il () . a ge", ei? (Rs fa dg Zot oo = 04CEteeMo0o = (00D| Ck co © fe (E100) (2 roe)” CE +00) 2 loo) - RE A Bas IY RE? a (iton+ Ce+00) (e+00)* Cit0ot) 2 l[+o*! =0"} hg RP a (2 w) (eo) = 2 $4 Cornea +00) 6 . = = Cosi (OO¥%O RE 0 CRETE Re =Co+')4+ (on) (ero0y Ce +00) = 60 @ 1 Re: ae 2? Ces - oe feeb ce morcne) =€+ Cor) o*| o vied dhe Conmbruction of RE, we nead & Pea . a : ' + RO RE?) agp oS to’! ae - CoH) (v0) = 0(00)* +0") (Loniyo*! YCoti) (00)| &) & b: (2) 2 | a, fo ae ple? 33 =O Ho" (e+ lon O* (e+lon)o") (2) Conroy Perks ON CouoiT4 (€+lono0")+ | © (oo) —ARpen's Tueorem- oe dit P and & be tuo regula exepascstbad ovens. if P dloos net Contain ©, flan the eayotion R-QreP haa sabilin €2 QR Unirg Hud theoou, tb a & Bud Her ey Ndeon. The covclitions (5 apply Hu tee © Finils automale dees not have €- moves © te has only 1 tele. 1) Construct He an orpruston forte give aulbometa. mg T - 0he transhious ae defined by THe gpa — OFQ Ore «= 0 Jodie © ~ he ——_9 Baiting O56 n> Git Galt Be" 4, = 24) + Hl 1401) Gy? @,1Cto1” a Wi Crbebcrting © &» © i Gene he getqicron? o.0 Fe ; G = gloaiCirory Poole ho BE rituetoe Sauce 4, ete Lonad bate the dagpived Fogulon eapredion a“ = Coti(e * oo) (%)Theown Wow, oe dofivad @ aseglos expresico is 2 Lt a nope exp @n NEA vot eo Pranctious bef Ce) bv Sous E-NPA EE So ad pa aoe [ie] ( Such one Oxce ptv stale One Oey dhe Geka ata a sey oe rutol LErduction on ( From He above $4 Fu Ferra ree OT oma @ Or 2, The NFA chauly cseckiofey a. above conditions - Spcluclion: Cone ov More cperolrs) | Ascame Pat the teowm & true her Pe i tumeckale aul erp eresius of & giver Aegeelon fz| eaphesscony (Ey Languages these eA OMS | @o abo tha © ‘Ae a) Te expauision. tt R+S Zoma & Ere peaxetOus OR auc Rak om oe 5 the Hot shat G cathe he aufowralen for ¢ ghoke of. aubsmale . 2 Bbquocge arn mz. Mus ° eer ae & Lp) u LC) (by The ecpomirn & RE far He 2aberprersins Rad § the & rt tale of He Jivel auclomralsx heennes the Mark tote of the fe anbl He arepling state of The dviond aubomaloen become “the Oucephing state of a vobole. tha only. pecth amw RES LS pgp vacuo gel: pas i ecbiolt ts Her Coneate. Lee). LCs) ert fe ws giver by a Tot aulowalon allovss peri ath Mbdled € - abe thot Pew seg ter Or | “etal «can azcogt PAR, phere rok Be Ha oeeapiing OO 1, Canal a cequln expects COHD™ | (04d fs c E-NFA- OD Fad tae RE fe on eae “oo =(@ Fed Con*2 Corot He vote RE E& NeAls with € transitioy (a) or: me [(by Cot!) ol Wot 1 oO | | | e€ | | (Ron JolProving LANGUAGES Not to BE REGouAR >= ee The Gow techwuqe wheh & used b& OVE jh P en Kegel 6 not galt pumping aig Peete or s length > accepted by the DFA 2 oN i) tha sath Srrough of h Bi 11 ghoulel eld canettior AKG ( ae ; dt & abo ved Hake & er Ofte 4 d 4S pat Legals “Theorem oe | bet Lhe tage ee ta Ha Sg [& cons Ww , A th 2 uw (%) fuofan . i [vie | (ev) wavy 2L Be ath 85 0. Peroor a tu arcoptid by o DFA l daaguede a ; - es 6) wet 1 nundher of tales.Cusider an ee of nor more aqube, a Bi, By ~~ Om Men ana forest, . Lat 6 gy, a8) = 4 IEG net posse, dor each of Wa. ox! shale As be cistouk Ainee Hou are only 1 afoot Stale. “thus -lhuxe aro fo haa add k, OS feksn Buch hak Go> G, > he Lalielleel 65,» Sn ti thewon whe Franvtion diegor of DIAM | Orreo ck whe atoings Bp = 2 Of length. lattes A anal aivel Keb, | lenght. 2 no de than n> 4 4, Gon Ee, QBs, ----Bm Ba Lint) Hen bole BAe, AF, Busy Pan +7 Me 5 also th we 1p Bs On = AF) --° Bu )= 5 (8 GpjAr ADS | = 6 (4, Arar” =reli | = 5 Aaa) | a im LM) “Tus OB, ---4S Ca ju 8 Brera Yow, Aw > ay PaoApplicadio Pe rayne - = - @® a eh ah used LF chock vobcther 7 faa ag on nok. wap pelt cl by Aasume. Lo ax. Tae cual & onstant 1», be. toe ruses nurs of Hal ok te coutsponching © Byte Aubwala. Ls Choose & whi 2 such Hot [2]Ar: bs wet Zu (Dee the Lott «ft dad [v[>o . | i guitebl tnlegex t jush Hat. uv gi: 4, Some Cases we prove tab uw a [uv'wl. how (anes, nse have wo bo 4h ime of ngs Oh * é: Show that the set fice 7 | tonal & not veqular - ie “fbn tS gb we Ceonbrediebion | | a constant nw be the Hoa. nuncber of - Sa Qubomale eg ia. Leb Ze then [zl r>n ee we Can wile Zeuvw Pe rie i. and lvl zo3) Gusider (=2, 4 vid [wtul= jul+alvlt wl > lul+ful+ hel ax b> This means ne juvw| = jul+ lvl ete l Zz [uw As lwler, lvi hud as ft CoH) & ne not a = and so uv gL, OM” ; i Th A a | Let zeat : By pumping Arne zecevil wih [len lvlzo: Consider Ve a bor Sonn M2/ |i © Consists Pape thon | [uve » fuel + tv] [-rpet-J pe ae fea = pls) az pee : | “ L w net — : 3. Slow Hot Le Ol | tifa not Yequlias O Sup Lo cage ee @bezc Phen ly | 220 >” By pompig “ome ze uvw with uvlen ard [vl to. wou | | | | | | | | Ot pas, ko that uvis & L dor gthig conbradschioa, he Abou aan ben ang ene a. V has only ‘Dlg & vec" Be come KE/ bv has o Uy di ve 1 for dome Me | e-V has both ok aad U's, ée, ve okt fr Some tyel- |In dela), if f=0, uvw <0” (0 | hw aor | As kel n-k #0. | is uw EL LA. dase Cb) , if t=9, | Uw = ou" Z ard o-hfr i Go uw EL dn case Cc), if Cs Zz | dud Hk k Fo i uw = oD a pe = Oko &o uviv = Ub not of the form ar uvw AL Go L & not regulon . A. Show Hak LaF [* [nom aud nz oF “ nel nrocpulln Die = * On. a eee kale th Ohno x 5 . thoose @ Abrng oi" Whee n>XSo Pak one proper we Consials ential ot o's and ee a a jus just ong Move a tan b. ( Ginee luv [ex ) uv must Comriel entirely of O's, Moweover V can't te empl , &) choose fo Sah = OF Thon uvin = WW. this Haake ofact of aooppeigy All 08 ool og soyultout Avi a Os” tan fom, 0. 2F has oat 0% ie So Lb not regular. © Shasta bs Sod uy Carb ho nt an. Baopan LG vegules: There envi a constant Mala 2,0) /Po/F) be He. Guile avfonate Bevo pling, L These coals a. Constark-? be | nuraller of Be lis of L @ket Ze Wyn eb be, en | [2|=4° re :By pemping lomma, We Lan Wrile Zeuvy such Het Juv/ en and lv[>o | Grace fuv|" By peony We can wulz cuvw, lewlen and lvl >0, i Rios fuvlgn te Selo us4 Bat Vv mnnek ka lovbtoun ble. | |) UNE a Zeabe™ ! La P20, Uv ty suv ab a” b™ votth kgre frd so uw AL: BH Le nob vegelan[Crosure Properties OF Reguie () LANGUAGES : iA bet & closed undu an operakcon f, wohanurer he. applied operakion & on monbors “of the ob, Aoswlt b&! alo a manaber of He bok. The oe aspen of reqntan The unton of two rvequlas & regulon. 2- The tuk On of two Progulan a egies | ee etree (he ern eeeeh ls The di of ise languages uv: at oS arn 6 Bo. closure a hagular language % vagihs Nile Contabenation oes RA homomoyplusm oF a % language is e- The pee. map of a vegules langeca| T Chessy under Union @ heb L and M be languages Durer ANpbabck < | fron Lum & the Language took tontains all Stings hot Qu th bcthe or both ov Lanel M. Theorem. tt Land M an Aagulen Languages, 40 4 Lue tee L avd MVM Languages , "eg el oe ey L-ter) Ma tC Les ee) Fan Lum . LCR+S) (By defn. of TE | Chesson widen Comapirenin ton The 2 towvediiog Re be “te to tonrsut b as ‘ube: d ? ® Gomat-He RE E an E=HIEA | @ Comet the €-NFA te a DFA @ Complement te accepting ealis of Wat DFA @ConutAhe complouant DrA bowk tule a RE Thsorera. “RR G@ nagulha Language Over alphabd =, Wong Toe oi & a vequbs language : Bap Te Let (a) Sx the DEA A=(@2, 64,8) Pheri L = h¢p) where Bd a DA(BS5, b,8-Ba anilrt A but He aeeeptng. e Atala of A have become he pa ecg Btabes of B and tha Acepting 4 io of B ‘fovea beeome non aces pt hela of A. han wo & ce LLB) pad only if 8 G0) 4 ir B-F vohich aed (fa Whats wis net in LCA). eG: Lind Be complement of Cot )*Ol CU) Conuenk He RE & an NFA. ye (4) ° 5 @-s@® (2) Corvette NFA ts DFA . Qe FU¢] Cad Cad, (4.4), 4 £4, elf 6 (3,0) = Fe, $(0p.11) > E40| § (lnad,2) = C404] $ (C4441) = [40,424 5 ( CAs]. = 0% 4) §(0%,401,0 + (41 § (La 1,0) = ¢ $$ (04,3, 1) = CIs) | $4.1, °) = & (4, = & | C4414 > C4) 5 (Cae Ante * Cte, 4a) 8, flrs, Cea Akvord unreachable stale._ be cna Ml ara 4 ‘haw= (&%S , 44, Cin Ved, xto) @® whee 4 Chp4), 4) 6, (p.2), $4.8) Oy Se = sph x fxs} = $epvd, Cpr, (4,7, (4,20 (ante = Spivt Ex Fe 7 74/54 Sst = $c, 94 Corskrut hoe - © 6p o)= (SaCp°), $a (v,0)) = (4,0 B 5 (lps),0)= (bn (pod, $0 (59)) #9) (3) § (¢4,3),0/) 5 Cy,¥) 4 (G,9,0) = 4,8) ©4c , ) Cp.s) (5 (lps), = Chas) 5 (440, = CHS) & (l4,),1)- 49 AoB wb anton by -EQuivatenice AND MinimtzATion oF SO en LEINIMIZ ATION Oe AUTOMATA. frases Kony far Languages One valent g | | and g, Qe quivelruk ef "for aah ti dan al Bipcb dan ol ell ¢ abt pe nes ae aud f > (4, ») a 7 acai _ wat | n TE Be data gitt Tak kp | inl te opBabak and Aching sitet shir.Te sto Cond 6 are not equivaln (37) besuse C8 tape accepting whole and Gd web: Engl ating ah abinfuitas ae to 5 va ea aceapting 4 (6,e) ant. — Te ahalis A and C are alo not equiralul hoeause aE oe because Hey an Leth hen - oT * Hsing O dos not dik han hecause tp 0 ord both ételr ae non ting « 4. Sting choos not distinguish A doom & yee 2 they Ge pieced tll ane foth are non - axeepte t Thee Moiug ol distingurehes A from G because S(A, oh sc 8 (4, ons E Whar CU occa ting aval E wu not en te aot! Aad? Ve Sines vaittan a oem, € does not | azn gets FE . Pe ts pus nol 7 es vps cite cap di “f | 7 ee = fu abana, Oe | ce i”+O pit 0, ts Salas Band tH. Kre nat é ee it can't cheshinguuceh A i saint fone Cals Lemire ec : | * On |, thay both Ge CS * On put oti bik gots 6 | So they ane egptvalint Toke. Filling Algorthrs ae oe 4) LE 2 gq, & non- i) seeped a bln wate ale ve ow) | $>5G,4) Oke a par of stole faswn be eekgutll Lites peg oo pack of aaetengutlel 2009algoutbun or ~fha. Be My rerie'r peor pe, Poe, oftenad & ave oe B —_ > BS Avclicaliz a Tae & digi D-| | E x ' x(1) Take ented sep she (a) © a ard b, ig (b) aa veapestvely ale & age ©) tye! ove) a 4 C4, , & 5 % both. got Gg) One(3) Take $91,948 - & (2) © cles not dishragaicl Hane er (b) On tpuba, B, g. pe Gendt a et b, Gerd G. GE Gy ard Gy So 46, qu tent eydinbnt () 7a, 44 “ equivelouk derause on (ape b, they beth gots Qi vobuch & An Occepty Mode . (6) Cee. & the only ouccep tng é Pp X's oo inwobues Yq Eqpivelues Table + a | - 4s To x | } / 4, aA a Te Ts Hao tvalont gfelae are: 0) S$ q.t S84, M5 44488 | | 1 Gd) B88Minumization OF DRA ge be A DFA can Anco unique Songuige Ht posbe nape dea now DPA hea vb Contoins only munival nunter o of «tale . ty The sonbad Pon wr widntnrt ying te DPA & thal partition te &tabr Gls” blocke euch thal 2) Al Pe sales the block aa egtvalut: BAL te ates chan. fn pp Sask BL LJ Be, ©. velut steals $ The Cualonee 7 Tide prena thie. Be Gy we Ae fe.2,4F), ve opaah aod slg andk v epila, Han pavd vaquivalint, Ly Pasbebtontic. i) lp we creale fr cach stale g, of a DFA, a Block conse “ait 4, oe az oche Diet er sales firm fon of ae os pee aa en one oo Ait, or meg OH: 4. Pinal abl Hho valort étela ust Whe tah -Fillng get @ t |2. Paabition the set of atelier Q inte Woks oft mubually equtveluit rake by the lle sel) * Construct Ha minimum keke equtvaleut DFA B by using. the blocks @s cl afele . | Let Y be ia trOnsition fancton of B | | ose & ga. velint Baba 2 eos dee ice a Boe & should poate rig of We ails of “E iv (4,8 give dome date 8 & monber of Hoek T |b Guivalae Hale one ploud 0s & atvgfe bock nl + Dicingurshed Kober are pe Qs Auch nm &, + he stub ale of Bs te ad stab fA lhe ee tag aot Co. i blo 2s accephing Hox | en ola bf Hal block maakt 72 |The equivalnt cnr ars ENEF, $0,798.44 > fatition te salir as fined, 40,44, Spe}, $F 403 [whee stat state a ShEf and A | Hake a ick, Mas pa usa DEA a par cid So