Introduction Decimal Number Quantity

 Many number systems are in use in digital (positional number)

technology. The most common are :  3 5 0 1 (base-10)

🞑 Decimal (Base 10)

🞑 Binary (Base 2)

🞑 Octal (Base 8)

🞑 Hexadecimal (Base 16) Binary-to-Decimal Conversion

 The decimal system is the number system  1 1 0 1 (base-2)

that we use everyday

Number System

 Decimal system uses 10 symbols(digits)

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Octal-to-Decimal Conversion
 Octal System uses eight symbols
 5 2 1 7 (base-8)
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

 Binary System uses only two symbols

0 and 1
Hexadecimal-to-Decimal Conversion
 Hexadecimal System uses sixteen symbols
 1 A C F (base-16)
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F

to represent any number, no matter how large

or how small.
Binary Addition Rules
The decimal system is composed of 10
numerals or symbols. These10 symbols are
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9; using these symbols as digits
of a number, we can express any quantity.
Example : 3501.51

The binary system is composed of 2 numerals

or symbols 0 and 1; using these symbols as
digits of a number, we can express any quantity.

Example : 1101.01
BINARY SUBTRACTION HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

Binary Subtraction Rules Hexadecimal number system has

only SIXTEEN (16) digits that consist

of 10 numbers from 0 to 9 and 6

letters. Every number (value)

represents with 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 9 in

this number system. And every letter

represents A, B to F, The base of octal

number system is 16, because it has

OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM only 16 digits.

Octal number system has only eight DECIMAL TO OCTAL CONVERSION

(8) digits from 0 to 7. Every number •Divide number by 16

(value) represents with 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 •Get quotient for iteration

and 7 in this number system. The base •get remainder multiply by 16

of octal number system is 8, because •Repeat until quotient is = 0

it has only 8 digits

DECIMAL TO OCTAL CONVERSION

•Divide number by 8

•Get quotient for iteration

•get remainder multiply by 8

•Repeat until quotient is = 0

Introduction to Spreadsheets ⚫ The cell in the worksheet in which you can
type data is called the active cell.
⚫ Microsoft Excel 2010 is the spreadsheet
⚫ The Name Box, or cell reference area,
program in Microsoft Office 2010.
displays the cell reference of the active cell.
⚫ A spreadsheet is a grid of rows and columns
⚫ The Formula Bar displays a formula when a
in which you enter text, numbers, and the
worksheet cell contains a calculated value.
results of calculations.
⚫ A formula is an equation that calculates a
⚫ In Excel, a computerized spreadsheet is new value from values currently in a worksheet.

called a worksheet. The file used to store Opening an Existing Workbook

worksheets is called a workbook. ⚫ Opening a workbook means loading an

Starting Excel existing workbook file from a drive into the

⚫ You start Excel from the Start menu in program window.

Windows. Click the Start button, click All ⚫ To open an existing workbook, you click the
Programs, click Microsoft Office, and then File tab on the Ribbon to display Backstage
click Microsoft Excel 2010. view, and then click Open in the navigation

⚫ The Excel program window has the same bar. The Open dialog box appears.

basic parts as all Office programs: the title Frogs workbook open in Excel

bar, the Quick Access Toolbar, the Ribbon, Saving a Workbook

Backstage view, and the status bar. ⚫ The Save command saves an existing
Exploring the Parts of the Workbook workbook, using its current name and save

⚫ Each workbook contains three worksheets by location.

default. The worksheet displayed in the work ⚫ The Save As command lets you save a
area is the active worksheet. workbook with a new name or to a new

⚫ Columns appear vertically and are identified location.

by letters. Rows appear horizontally and are Moving the Active Cell in a Worksheet

identified by numbers. ⚫ The easiest way to change the active cell in a

⚫ A cell is the intersection of a row and a worksheet is to move the pointer to the cell

column. Each cell is identified by a unique you want to make active and click.

cell reference.
⚫ You can display different parts of the Entering Data in a Cell

worksheet by using the mouse to drag the ⚫ Worksheet cells can contain text, numbers,

scroll box in the scroll bar to another position. or formulas.

⚫ You can also move the active cell to different – Text is any combination of letters and
numbers
parts of the worksheet using the keyboard or
and symbols.
the Go To command.
– Numbers are values, dates, or times.
⚫ Keys for moving the active cell in a worksheet
– Formulas are equations that calculate a value.

⚫ You enter data in the active cell.

Changing Data in a Cell

⚫ You can edit, replace, or clear data.

⚫ You can edit cell data in the Formula Bar or

in the cell. The contents of the active cell

Selecting a Group of Cells
always appear in the Formula Bar.
A group of selected cells is called a range.
⚫ To replace cell data, select the cell, type new
The range is identified by its range reference,

for example, A3:C5. data, and press the Enter button on the

Formula Bar or the Enter key or the Tab key.

⚫ In an adjacent range, all cells touch each
⚫ To clear the active cell, you can use the
other and form a rectangle.

– To select an adjacent range, click the cell in a Ribbon, the keyboard, or the mouse.

corner of the range, drag the pointer to the cell Searching for Data
in the opposite corner of the range, and release ⚫ The Find command locates data in a
the mouse button.
worksheet, which is particularly helpful when
⚫ A nonadjacent range includes two or more
a worksheet contains a large amount of data.
adjacent ranges and selected cells.
You can use the Find command to locate
– To select a nonadjacent range, select the first
words or parts of words.
adjacent range or cell, press the Ctrl key as you
⚫ The Replace command is an extension of the
select the other cells or ranges you want to
Find command. Replacing data substitutes
include, and then release the Ctrl key and the
new data for the data that the Find command
mouse button.
locates.
⚫ Find and Replace options Closing a Workbook and Exiting Excel

⚫ You can close a workbook by clicking the File

tab on the Ribbon, and then clicking Close in

the navigation bar. Excel remains open.

⚫ To exit the workbook, click the Exit command

in the navigation bar.

Summary

In this lesson, you learned:

Zooming a Worksheet ⚫ The primary purpose of a spreadsheet is to
solve problems involving numbers. The
⚫ You can change the magnification of a
advantage of using a computer spreadsheet is
worksheet using the Zoom controls on the that you can complete complex and repetitious
calculations quickly and accurately.
status bar.
⚫ A worksheet consists of columns and rows
⚫ The default magnification for a workbook is
that intersect to form cells. Each cell is
100%. identified by a cell reference, which combines
the letter of the column and the number of the
⚫ For a closer view of a worksheet, click the row.
Zoom In button or drag the Zoom slider to ⚫ The first time you save a workbook, the Save
the right to increase the zoom percentage. As dialog box opens so you can enter a
descriptive name and select a save location.
⚫ Zoom dialog box and controls After that, you can use the Save command in
Backstage view or the Save button on the Quick
Previewing and Printing a
Access Toolbar to save the latest version of the
Worksheet workbook.

⚫ You can print a worksheet by clicking the File ⚫ You can change the active cell in the
worksheet by clicking the cell with the pointer,
tab on the Ribbon, and then clicking Print in
pressing keys, or using the scroll bars. The Go To
the navigation bar to display the Print tab. dialog box lets you quickly move the active cell
anywhere in the worksheet.
⚫ The Print tab enables you to choose print
⚫ A group of selected cells is called a range. A
settings. range is identified by the cells in the upper-left
⚫ The Print tab also allows you to preview your and lower-right corners of the range, separated
by a colon. To select an adjacent range, drag the
pages before printing. pointer across the rectangle of cells you want to
include. To select a nonadjacent range, select
the first adjacent range, hold down the Ctrl key,
select each additional cell or range, and then This file has not yet been saved so its
release the Ctrl key.
name is Document1.
⚫ Worksheet cells can contain text, numbers,
Files created in Microsoft Word are often
and formulas. After you enter data or a formula
in a cell, you can change the cell contents by referred to as documents and have the
editing, replacing, or deleting it.
file extension .doc or .docx
⚫ You can search for specific characters in a

worksheet. You can also replace data you have

The area outlined in red contains the
searched for with specific characters.
minimize, maximize/restore and close
⚫ The zoom controls on the status bar enable
buttons for the program window.
you to enlarge or reduce the magnification of
the worksheet in the worksheet window. These three buttons are on almost every

⚫ Before you print a worksheet, you should window that opens in a Windows based
check the page preview to see how the printed
platform.
pages will look.
They are on Mac windows as well, but
⚫ When you finish your work session, you
should save your final changes and close the they are circles instead of squares.
workbook.
When you click the minimize button the
Microsoft Word
program becomes a button on the
Terminology
Windows taskbar located at the bottom of
While different versions have different
the screen.
appearances, they all have most of the

same features. If you know what to call it,

you should be able to find it in other

You can restore the document to its
versions.
original shape and size by either:

Clicking on the button on the task bar one

The area outlined in red is called the
time to restore it to active mode,
title bar. It displays the names of the open

program (in this case Microsoft Word)

If you have multiple files from the same
and the name of the current file.
program open you will need to select the

one you want to restore to active mode.

When you click the maximize / restore right mouse click on the ribbon or the

button the program assumes the same group you want to customize.

shape and size it was before you The Words File, Home, Insert, etc...

minimized it. Or The program window will fill outlined in red are referred to as tabs.
the screen.
Each tab has several Groups attached to
When you click the close button the
it. The File Tab menu contains the commands
program will ask you if you want to save
most commonly associated with the file.
the changes if you have made any

changes. Once you have responded to

The Home Tab Groups contain the commands
this question the program will close.
most commonly associated with the formatting
and editing of text.

The area outlined in red is called the Clipboard Font Paragraph

quick access toolbar. It contains the most Styles Editing

commonly used commands in Microsoft Word:

1. Save
The Insert Tab Groups contain the commands
2. Undo
most commonly associated with adding
3. Repeat
something to the document.

Pages Tables Illustrations

Microsoft Office 2007 & 2010 use what is

referred to as the “Ribbon” interface. The

Links Header/Footer Text
area outlined in red comprises the

Ribbon. The ribbons we are going to go over Symbols

today are the default ribbons. The Page Layout Groups contain the

commands most commonly associated with

You may customize the ribbon and or a settings that would affect the entire page or

group on the ribbon on your personal document.

computer to have only the features you Themes Page Setup

want to use. Page Background

In order to do this all you have to do is Paragraph Arrange

The References Groups contain the

commands most commonly associated with

writing a research paper, essay, term paper or

similarly formal documents.

Table of Contents Footnotes

Citations & Bibliography

Captions Index

Table of Authorities

The Mailings Tab groups contain the

commands most commonly associated with

documents and files created for mass mailing.

Create Start Mail Merge

Write & Insert Fields

Preview Results Finish

The Review Tabs groups contain the

commands most commonly associated with

documents which are shared or being prepared

for publication.

Proofing Language Comments

Tracking Changes Compare

Protect

The View Tab groups contain the commands

most commonly associated with the variety of

ways you can “look at” a document or

documents.

Document Views Show

Zoom Window

Macros