Improvement in food resources
KASHISH All living species require food to survive food is an essential
organic substance required for the growth and proper functioning of all
living organisms food provides nutrients like carbohydrates , proteins ,
fats , vitamins and minerals required for body development growth and
maintenance of health both plants and animals are important sources
for this we obtain most of this from agriculture and animal husbandry
SAANVI A -Plants and animals provide us with food . food demand has
increased dramatically as as the worlds population has grown . it is
critical that we expand food production without harming our ecosystem
or disrupting the delicate balances that keeps it in check . as a result
sustainable agriculture and animal husbandry activities are required .As
a result demand by by increasing food production lead to the
revolutions listed here
Green revolution : Improvement in crop varieties.
Blue revolution : Improvement in the aquatic organism.
Yellow revolution : Improvement in the oil yielding crops.
White revolution : Improvement in the milk production.
YUTIKA -Science or practice of farming including the cultivation of the
soil the growing of crops and the rearing animals to provide the
food ,wool and other products is called agriculture
TYPES OF CROPS ARE :-
(Carbohydrates) Eg : Wheat, Maize,
Rice, Millets,
(PULSES) Eg : Gram, Pea, Greengram, Blackgram,
Lentil,
OIL SEEDS (FATS)
Eg : Soyabean, Groundnut, Sesame, Mustard,
VEGES AND FRUITS(VITAMINS AND MINERALS Eg : Small amount of
carbs, proteins and fats.
In addition to this
FODDER CROPS
Like berseem oats or sudan grass are raised as food for the livestock
Then comes crop seasons
Photoperiod is that duration of sunlight that influences flowering, leaf
fall, new foliage,
storage organs and growth.
Kharif crops Crops which are grown during monsoon (June to oct) are
called kharif crops . blackgram, cotton, gram rice , maize , paddy ,
pigeon pea and soyabean are examples of kharif crops
RABI CROPS Crops which are grown during winter season (oct – march)
are called rabi crops . wheat, gram, peas, mustard, and lineseed are
examples of rabi crops .
Then comes food variety improvement
KASHISH -In order to increase the crop yield crop production is
divided into 3 stages :
1. Choice of seeds for planting.
2. Nurturing the crop plant.
Protection of the growing and harvested crops
Major groups of activities for crop yields can be classified as :
1. Crop variety improvement.
2. Crop production management.
3. Crop protection management
WE WILL NOW BE LEARNING ABT CROP VAERITY IMPROVEMENT
DIYA -This approach depends on finding a crop variety that can
give a good yield. Breeders search for individual plants that
exhibit desirable traits. Varieties or stains of crops can be
selected by breeding for various useful characteristics such as
disease resistance, response to fertilisers, product quality and
high yields. Plant breeders select plant varieties with desired
characteristics and Cross them. The developed offspring have the
attributes of both parents. These varieties are then multiplied and
then supplied to farmers.
Some some ways of incorporating desirable characteristics into
crops are:
1. Hybridisation
It refers to crossing between two genetically dissimilar
plants to produce a new kind. It is of different types:
Intervarietal
This refers to crossing between two different varieties.
For eg: 2 different varieties of wheat.
Interspecific
It refers to crossing between two different species of the
same genus. In this method female and male
species are crossed together.
Intergeneric
It refers to crossing between different Genera.
For eg: potato + tomato = pomato
2. SAUMYA- GMC
it refers to introducing a gene that would provide the desired
characteristic. this results in genetically modified crops. Eg: GM
mustard.
For new varieties of crops to be accepted it is necessary that the
variety produces high yields under different conditions that are
found in different areas.
farmers would need to be provided with good quality seeds of a
particular variety, that is the seed should be of the same variety
and germinate under the same conditions.
It is important that the seeds germinate under the same
conditions as
it reduces the amount of inputs
Reduces cost
GAURI-Cultivation practices and crop yield are related to
weather, soil quality and availability of water. Since weather
conditions such as drought and flood situations are unpredictable,
varieties that can be grown in diverse climatic conditions are
useful. Varieties tolerant to high soil salinity have also been
developed.
Soil Salinity
Soil salinity is the presence of excess salts especially those of
sodium, potassium and magnesium. This mainly happens when
there is an increase in usage of fertilisers.
ADVITA -The factors for which variety improvement is done
are:
(i) Higher yield: To increase productivity of the crop per acre.
(ii) Improved quality: The quality of crop products vary from
crop to crop. E.g., protein quality is important in pulses, oil quality
in oilseeds, preserving quality in fruits and vegetables.
(iii) Biotic and abiotic resistance: Biotic factors are the
diseases, insects and nematodes while abiotic factors are the
drought, salinity, water logging, heat, cold and frost which affect
the crop productivity. Varieties resistant to these factors (stresses)
can be improved to increase crop production.
(iv) Change in maturity duration: Shorter maturity period of
crop reduces the cost of crop production and makes the variety
economical. Uniform maturity makes the harvesting process easy
and reduces losses during harvesting.
(v) Wider adaptability: It allows the crops to be grown under
different climatic conditions in different areas.
(vi) Desirable agronomic characteristics: It increases
productivity, for example, tallness and profuse branching are
desirable characters for fodder crops; while dwarfness is desired
in cereals, so that less nutrients are consumed by these crops.
