Scribd
Upload
24 views8 pages

Calc Notes

Discrete-time dynamical systems describe measurements taken at equally spaced time intervals. They consist of an initial value and a rule to transform the system from the present state to the next time step. The relation between the initial (mt) and final (mt+1) measurements is given by an updating function f. For example, a system describing bacterial population growth showed the final population (bt+1) was twice the initial population (bt). Continuous-time dynamical systems use differential equations to describe measurements collected continuously over time.

Uploaded by

violet.pandas37
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
24 views8 pages

Calc Notes

Discrete-time dynamical systems describe measurements taken at equally spaced time intervals. They consist of an initial value and a rule to transform the system from the present state to the next time step. The relation between the initial (mt) and final (mt+1) measurements is given by an updating function f. For example, a system describing bacterial population growth showed the final population (bt+1) was twice the initial population (bt). Continuous-time dynamical systems use differential equations to describe measurements collected continuously over time.

Uploaded by

violet.pandas37
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Dynamical Systems

• Discrete-time dynamical systems describe a


sequence of measurements made at equally
spaced intervals

• Continuous-time dynamical systems, usually


known as differential equations, describe
measurements that are collected continuously
Discrete-Time Dynamical Systems
A discrete-time dynamical system consists of an
initial value and a rule that transforms the
system from the present state to a state one
step into the future.
Discrete-Time Dynamical Systems
and Updating Functions
Let m represent the measurement of some quantity.
The relation between the initial measurement m t and the
final measurement m t +1 is given by the discrete-time
dynamical system
mt +1 = f (mt )
€ initial value
The updating function f accepts the mt as input
€ the final value mt +1 as output.
and returns
Note: €
t represents present time and t + 1 represents one time-step
into the future
€ €
€
Solutions
Definition:
The sequence of values of mt for t = 0, 1, 2, …
is the solution of the discrete-time dynamical
system mt +1 = f (mt ) starting from the initial
condition m0 .
€ €
The graph of a solution is a discrete set of points
€ with the time t on the horizontal axis and the
€
measurement mt on the vertical axis.
Example:
A Discrete-Time Dynamical System for
a Bacterial Population
Data:
Colony Initial Population bt Final Population bt+1
(millions) (millions)
1 0.47 0.94
2 3.30 6.60
3 0.73 1.46
4 2.80 5.60
5 1.50 3.00
6 0.62 1.24
Example:
A Discrete-Time Dynamical System for
a Tree Growth
Data:
Tree Initial Height, ht Final Height, ht+1
(m) (m)

1 23.1 23.9
2 18.7 19.5
3 20.6 21.4
4 16.0 16.8
5 32.5 33.3
6 19.8 20.6
Example:
A Discrete-Time Dynamical System for
Absorption of Pain Medication
A patient is on methadone, a medication used to
relieve chronic, severe pain (for instance, after
certain types of surgery). It is known that every
day, the patient’s body absorbs half of the
methadone. In order to maintain an appropriate
level of the drug, a new dosage containing 1 unit
of methadone is administered at the end of
each day.
Basic Solutions
Basic Exponential Discrete-time Dynamical System
If bt +1 = rbt with initial condition b0 , then bt = b0 r t .

Basic Additive Discrete-time Dynamical System


If ht +1 = ht + a with initial
€ condition
€ h0 ,
then ht = h0 + at.

€
€

You might also like