Cloud Technologies
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Nanyang Polytechnic/School of Engineering
Cloud Technologies
Module Outline
2
Introduction to Cloud Technology
Evolution of cloud computing
What is cloud technologies?
Benefits of using cloud technologies
Cloud technologies applications
Cloud Services
Software as a service (SaaS)
Platform as a service (PaaS)
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
Cloud Deployment Model
Public cloud
Private cloud
Hybrid cloud
Community cloud
Cloud Technologies
Module Outline
3
Virtualization
What is virtualization?
Why virtualization?
Disadvantages of virtualization
Virtualization and cloud
Virtualization layers
Virtualization techniques
Virtualization and security
Types of virtualization.
Cloud Deployment Model
Public cloud
Private cloud
Hybrid cloud
Community cloud
Cloud Technologies
Module Outline
4
Cloud management & Cloud Security
Cloud Management
What is Cloud Management?
Characteristics of Cloud Management
Hybrid Cloud Management Challenges
Cloud Management Platform (CMP)
Cloud Security
Cloud Computing Security and Risk
Personal Computing Security
Change of Mindset
Cloud Technologies
Module Outline
5
Emerging trends
Cloud computing extension
Edge computing
Microservices
Serverless computing
Cloud computing trends
5G
IoT
Big data
AI
Cloud Technologies
Evolution of Computing
6
Cloud Technologies
Evolution of Cloud Computing
7
Cloud Technologies
Computing Models
8
Grid Computing
Resource sharing across several domains
Decentralized, open standards
Global resource sharing
Utility Computing
Don’t buy computers, lease computing power
Upload, run, download
Ownership model
Cloud Technologies
Grid Computing
9
A form of distributed computing that implements a virtual
super-computer made up of a cluster of networked or Inter-
networked computers acting in unison to perform very large
tasks
The term Grid comes from an analogy to the Electric (Power)
Grid
Electric grid provides pervasive access to power.
Computing grid provides pervasive, consistent, and inexpensive
access to vast computational resources.
Grid computing is all about achieving greater performance
and throughput by pooling resources on a local, national, or
international level.
Goal: to create the illusion of a simple yet large and powerful
self managing virtual computer out of a large collection of
connected heterogeneous systems sharing various
combinations of resources
Cloud Technologies
Grid Computing
10
Types of resources shared
Computation power (CPUs)
Storage
Communication
Software
Special equipment and devices
Grid computing applications
Weather forecasting
Biomedical research
Industrial research
Engineering research
Computational Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Finance
Cloud Technologies
Utility/On-Demand Computing
11 Utility computing is a model of pricing and delivery
Provision of computational and storage resources as a
metered service, similar to those provided by a traditional
public utility company (such as power companies)
In certain aspect, cloud computing is a form of utility
computing
public cloud services which is billed for usage
excludes private cloud deployed within enterprise
On-demand computing is seen as an increasingly popular
enterprise model in which computing resources are made
available to the user as needed
Evolved to overcome the challenges of meeting fluctuating
resource demands efficiently
Over-engineering or under-engineering both have their
cons.
Cloud computing has elements of on-demand computing
Resources can be added or deleted based on needs
Cloud Technologies
What is Cloud Computing?
12
Cloud computing entails
accessing of services, including applications, storage, and
servers through the Internet
making these services accessible to companies for a fee
enabling companies to store and access programs or data
virtually anywhere anytime i.e. in a cloud, rather than on local
hard drives or servers.
In short, cloud computing is the evolution of
integrating various technologies (networking, virtualization,
servers, applications)
providing a better support for companies to build their IT
infrastructure with lower total cost of ownership (TCO)
Why do we call it a cloud?
We don’t really care where the applications or servers are
running or located. It is somewhere out there in the “cloud”
Cloud Technologies
Cloud Computing Definition
13
Wikipedia Definition
Cloud computing is a concept of using the internet to allow people to
access technology-enabled services.
It allows users to consume services without knowledge of control over
the technology infrastructure that supports them.
NIST (National Institute of Standards & Technology) Definition
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network
access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g.,
networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be
rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction.
This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five
essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment
models.
Cloud Technologies
Cloud Computing Characteristics
14 Broad network access
Capabilities are available over the network (Internet)
and accessed through standard mechanisms that
promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client
platforms (e.g. mobile devices, laptops, and PDAs).
Resource Pooling
Resources are shared (i.e., multiple users use the same
resource) at the network level, host level, and
application level via multi-tenancy and shared resources
Cloud Technologies
Cloud Computing Characteristics
15
Rapid Elasticity
Rapidly increase and decrease their
computing resources as needed, as
well as release resources for other
uses when they are no longer
required.
Cloud Technologies
Cloud Computing Characteristics
16
Measured Service
Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported
providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of
the utilized service.
Service is metered and billed if needed.
Pay as you go.
On-demand self-service
Consumer can automatically provision computing resources (e.g.
application, server, network storage) as needed without requiring
human interaction
Resources can be requested and made available as required
Cloud Technologies
Why Cloud Computing?
17
No equipment outlay required
Reduced complexity
No need to pay for servers not required
Guard against obsolete hardware
No need to worry about capacity planning
Can add and remove capacity anytime to meet demands
Low start-up cost
New organization need not worry about setting up expensive
hardware and servers.
Less in-house IT staff, less expenses
Pay as use
Ease the software maintenance
No CD to install on all computers
No need to worry about software upgrade Cloud Technologies
Why Cloud Computing?
18
Convenient for users
Simply log in and use the applications anywhere, and
anytime
Location independence
Redundancy and disaster planning
Let the cloud provider take care of ensuring
infrastructure, storage and applications redundancy
Let the cloud provider take care of disaster planning
Off-site backup, alternative locations, etc.
Cloud Technologies
