AUTOMATIC MEDICINE DISPATCHER WITH DYNAMIC

TELE MONITORING SYSTEM

PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

[Link] REGISTER NO: 19TC0652

[Link] REGISTER NO: 19TC0659
[Link] REGISTER NO: 19TC0679

Under the guidance of

Dr. [Link]

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

MANAKULA VINAYAGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

KALITHEERTHALKUPPAM, PUDUCHERRY PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY

JULY 2023
 MANAKULA VINAYAGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “AUTOMATIC MEDICINE

DISPATCHER WITH DYNAMIC TELEMONITORING SYSTEM” is a bonafide work
done by [Link] [REGISTER NO: 19TC0652], [Link] [REGISTER NO:
19TC0659], [Link] [REGISTER NO: 19TC0679] in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of [Link] degree in ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING by Pondicherry University during the academic
year 2019 – 2023.

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT PROJECT GUIDE

Viva-Voce Examination held on..........................

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ii
 DECLARATION

Certified that the Report entitled “AUTOMATIC MEDICINE DISPATCHER

WITH DYNAMIC TELEMONITORING SYSTEM” is the bonafide record of

independent work done by [Link] [REGISTER NO: 19TC0652], [Link]

[REGISTER NO: 19TC0659], [Link] [REGISTER NO: 19TC0679] for the award

of [Link] degree in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING under

the supervision of Dr. [Link]. Certified further that the work reported herein does not

from part of any other thesis or dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was

conferred earlier.

1. Poojitha.R -

2. Rupika.A -

3. Varsha.S.T -

PROJECT GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our deep sense of gratitude to TheivaThiru. N. Kesavan, Founder, Shri.

M. Dhanasekaran, Chairman & Managing Director, Shri. S. V. Sugumaran, Vice-
Chairman and Dr. K. Narayanasamy Secretary of Sri ManakulaVinayagar Educational
Trust, Puducherry for providing necessary facilities to successfully complete our project and
report works.
We express our sincere thanks to our beloved Principal Dr. S. Malarkkan for having
provided necessary facilities and encouragement for successful completion of this project
work.
We express our sincere thanks to [Link], Head of the Department,
Electronics and Communication Engineering, for his support in making necessary
arrangements for the conduction of Project and also for guiding us to execute our project
successfully.
We express our sincere thanks to [Link], Assistant Professor, Electronics and
Communication Engineering for her consistent reviews and also for guiding us to execute our
project successfully.
We express our sincere thanks to [Link], Assistant Professor, Electronics and
Communication Engineering for his consistent reviews which motivated us in completing
project.
We thank all our department faculty members, non-teaching staffs and my friends of
Electronics and Communication Engineering for helping us to complete the document
successfully on time.
We would like to express our eternal gratitude to our parents for the sacrifices they
made for educating and preparing us for our future and their everlasting love and support.
We thank the Almighty for blessing us with such wonderful people and for being with
us always.
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 ABSTRACT

An automatic medicine dispenser with dynamic remote monitoring system has been
developed using IOT. This is to help people in rural areas who cannot find a good/best doctor
and do not have 24/7 hospital services. During night emergencies, poor people cannot travel a
long distance for simple health problems such as high fever, cold, nausea and other acute
illnesses. The automatic medicine dispenser ATM is a good example of a computerized
process. This project provides a solution technique to save time and avoid inconvenience,
reduce the workload of most pharmacists, and provide customers with the medications they
need. The device consists of a heartbeat sensor, weight sensor, ultrasonic sensor, and
temperature sensors to instantly measure the patient's health status and send it to the doctor.
The connection to the doctors is established via GSM technology. The patient can talk to the
doctors and tell them about his problems. A webcam is installed to have conversations in real
time. The main advantage of this device is that the medicines prescribed by the doctor can be
received instantly from the same device with the help of a single relay and a motor. The
patient can send a request to the server to know the times to take the pills.

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
LIST OF FIGURES viii

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 PREAMBLE 1
1.2 LITERATURE SURVEY 2
1.3 MOTIVATION 8
1.4 OUTLINE
1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT 9

2 TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEDICAL ATM 10

2.1 PREAMBLE 10
2.2 OVERVIEW 10
2.2.1 IOT Technology 11
2.2.2 Existing Technology 16
2.2.3 Clouding Computing 20

2.3 DEMERITS OF THE EXISTING WORK 22

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3 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 23
OF MEDICAL ATM

3.1 PREAMBLE 23
3.2 FLOW CHART 23
3.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM 24
3.4 HARDWARE SECTION 25
3.5 MERITS OF PROPOSED SYSTEM 29
3.6 DEMERITS OF PROPOSED 30
SYSTEM
3.7 SUMMARY 30

4 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 31
4.1 PATIENT’S MONITOR 31
4.2 WEB APPLICATION 32

5 CONCLUSION 33
5.1 CONCLUSION 33
5.2 FUTURE SCOPE 33

REFERENCES 34

vii
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE
TITLE
NO. NO.

2.1 Block Diagram for Existing System 11

2.2 Block Diagram for IoT System 12
2.3 Smart pill dispensers 16
2.4 Wearable health monitors 16
2.5 Mobile health apps 17
2.6 Example of Telehealth platforms 17
2.7 Remote patient monitoring (RPM) device 18
2.8 Example of Video Conferencing 18
2.9 Pharmacy automated kiosks 19
2.10 Multi-dose packaging 19
3.1 Flow Chart for Medical ATM 23
3.2 Block Diagram of Medical ATM 24
3.3 Connections for Hardware Section 26
3.4 Pin layout of PIC16f877a 27
4.1 Home Page of Medical ATM 31
4.2 Web Page for Admin 32

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 PRELUDE
This project describes about to build a wireless healthcare monitoring system using IOT module.
Remote monitoring is seen as an effective method of providing immediate care as it allows for
continuous as well as emergency transmission of patient information to the doctor or healthcare
providers. Remote patient monitoring will not only redefine hospital care but also work, home, and
recreational activities. These new technologies enable us to monitor patients on a regular basis,
replacing the need to frequently visit the local doctor for a recurring illness. Recent report says chronic
diseases are the leading cause of deaths in India. People who have suffered from chronic diseases are
monitored their vital signs continuously. Vital signs include the measurement of temperature, pulse
rate, blood pressure and blood oxygen saturation. It provides information about a patient's state of
health. They can identify the existence of any medical problem, illness and person’s body
physiological stress. In hospitals both in ICU ward and general ward nurses take care of chronic
disease patients.

In home also, we can monitor vital signs of a patients with the help of nurses. These are the normal
way of monitoring vital signs. Normally elder people are suffered a lot from chronic disease. They
cannot go to hospital regularly and also hospitalization cost also increases. In hospital, the nurse’s
ratio is low compared to patients. Sometimes nurses have missed to take vital signs data of patients.
With the lack of vital sign monitoring, patient undergoes many problems. For checking the vital signs
data to be healthy or unhealthy, we need nurse or doctor advice and again cost is increased. Advances
in sensor and connectivity technology are allowing devices to collect, record and analyze data. In
healthcare, able to collect patient data over long time that can be used to help enable preventive care,
allow early diagnosis of diseases. IoT related healthcare systems are based on the Internet of Things as
a network of devices that connect directly with each other to capture and share vital data through a
wireless communication and store the data in server. And also it provide facility to access the
information through our mobile phone using Bluetooth. IOT systems are making to reduce costs and
improve health by increasing the availability and quality of care. In recent years, many e-Health
systems developed and they are providing the remote monitoring of the patient.

1
 In the health management system designed an integrated patient monitoring device with low cost
and this way of technology is mainly used to continuously monitor the patient health condition, for
effectively and accurately measuring the patient physiological parameter such as temperature, and
pulse rate of the patient. Recent years have seen a rising interest in wearable sensors and today several
devices are commercially available for personal health care, fitness, and activity awareness. IoT
related healthcare is based on IoT as a network of devices that connect directly with each other to
capture and share vital data. It combines sensors, microcontrollers and gateways where sensor data is
further analyzed. Data mining techniques are used to find the healthy and unhealthy vital signs data
using classification model without nurse help. Chronic Disease monitoring system captured vital signs
data via medical sensors, data mining algorithms to analyze the data and medical professionals can
wirelessly access the information and make diagnoses and treatment recommendations based on the
data. These applications generate huge amount of data. This vital data from the sensor is mined
through data mining techniques and from this model patient automatically know the vital signs data be
healthy or unhealthy.

1.2 LITERATURE SURVEY

The article "Wearable medical devices for tele-home healthcare" by Hung and Zhang
(2016) discusses the use of wearable medical devices in tele-home healthcare. The study
highlights the potential of wearable medical devices to provide real-time monitoring of
patients' health parameters, which can help to improve patient outcomes and reduce
healthcare [Link] authors argue that wearable medical devices can help to bridge the gap
between hospital-based care and home-based care. The study discusses the various types of
wearable medical devices available in the market, such as smartwatches, fitness trackers, and
health sensors. The article also discusses the challenges associated with wearable medical
devices, such as data security and privacy, power management, and user acceptance.[1]

The article "Comparing knowledge of diabetes mellitus among rural and urban diabetics"
by Sabri et al. (2015) explores the differences in knowledge of diabetes mellitus between rural
and urban diabetics in Pakistan. The study aims to identify the factors that affect knowledge
of diabetes mellitus among diabetics and to highlight the importance of increasing diabetes
2
education and awareness in both rural and urban [Link] study was conducted using a
cross-sectional survey design. The study population included 400 diabetics, 200 from urban
areas and 200 from rural areas, who were selected using a convenient sampling technique.
The data was collected using a questionnaire that included questions on demographics,
knowledge of diabetes mellitus, and sources of information.[2]

The article “Remote health monitoring using mobile phones and Web services”
describes a system that uses mobile phones equipped with sensors to monitor patients' health
remotely. The system uses a web-based application to receive and store data transmitted by
the mobile phones. The authors also discuss the use of web services for data transmission and
processing, as well as the security and privacy features of the system. It highlights the benefits
of the proposed system, including the ability to monitor patients' health remotely, reduce
healthcare costs, and improve patient outcomes. The authors provide test results that
demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the system in collecting and transmitting health
data.[3]

The article "National efforts to improve healthcare technology management and medical
device safety in India" by Khambete and Murray (2019) presents the national efforts being
made in India to improve healthcare technology management and medical device safety. The
study discusses the challenges faced by the healthcare system in India and the initiatives taken
by the government to address these [Link] the lack of proper infrastructure,
inadequate funding, and limited access to advanced medical devices as major challenges faced
by the healthcare system in India. The article discusses the government's initiatives to address
these challenges, such as the introduction of the Medical Device Rules 2017, the
establishment of the National Health Stack, and the adoption of new technologies like
telemedicine.[4]

The article "Healthcare monitoring system using wireless sensor network" by D. Kumar
and Mahesh (2013) presents a healthcare monitoring system that uses wireless sensor
networks (WSNs) to monitor the health parameters of patients. The system is designed to
provide continuous and remote monitoring of patients, which can help to improve the quality

3
of healthcare [Link] study proposes a WSN-based healthcare monitoring system that
consists of wireless sensors, a gateway, and a server. The wireless sensors are attached to the
patient's body to measure various health parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, and
temperature.[5]

The article "Automated medication dispensing system" discusses the design and
implementation of an automated medication dispensing system for hospitals. The system
comprises a set of medication dispensers, a central control unit, and a software interface that
manages the dispensation process. The system is designed to reduce medication errors,
improve patient safety, and increase efficiency in medication management. It medicates the
patients and aged people automatically to inform them regarding medication in time as
prescribed by the Doctor. This is done by presetting the prescribed time and comparing it with
RTC time. [6]

The article "An implementation of IoT for healthcare" by Kodali, Ravi Kishore, Govinda
Swamy, and Boppana Lakshmi presents an IoT-based system for remote health monitoring
and management. The proposed system uses various sensors to collect data such as heart rate,
blood pressure, and temperature, and transmits the data to a central server for analysis. The
system consists of three main components: the hardware platform, the communication
protocol, and the software application. The hardware platform includes sensors for monitoring
vital signs, a microcontroller for data processing, and a wireless module for communication
with the central server. [7]

The article "Secured smart healthcare monitoring system based on IoT" by BK,
Bhoomika, and [Link] (2019) presents a smart healthcare monitoring system based
on the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system is designed to provide continuous and
real-time monitoring of patients' health parameters, and it also ensures data security and
[Link] study proposes a healthcare monitoring system that uses IoT-based sensors to
collect data from patients. The data is then transmitted to a cloud server through a gateway
device. The cloud server stores and processes the data and provides real-time monitoring of
patients' health parameters to healthcare providers. The authors also propose a security

4
mechanism based on the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to ensure the security and
privacy of the data.[8]

The article "IoT based smart healthcare kit" by Gupta, Punit, Deepika Agrawal, Jasmeet
Chhabra, and Pulkit Kumar Dhir presents a comprehensive solution for remote health
monitoring using IoT technology. The proposed system consists of a wearable device, a
mobile application, and a cloud-based platform for data storage and [Link] wearable
device is designed to monitor vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and body
temperature and transmit the data to the mobile application via Bluetooth. The mobile
application then processes and analyzes the data, and alerts healthcare professionals or family
members in case of any abnormality. The cloud-based platform provides a centralized
location for storing and analyzing the data collected by the wearable device.[9]

The article "Design of IoT based smart health monitoring and alert system" by
Sivakanth, Thirumalasetty, and S. Kolangiammal presents a proposed system for monitoring
and alerting the health of patients remotely using IoT (Internet of Things) technology. The
system is designed to track vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and body
temperature and provide alerts to healthcare professionals or family members in case of any
[Link] proposed system consists of three main components: the wearable devices,
the IoT gateway, and the cloud-based data analysis and storage platform. The wearable
devices are designed to continuously monitor the patient's vital signs and transmit the data to
the IoT gateway, which acts as a central hub for collecting and processing the data.[10]

The article "Smart real-time healthcare monitoring and tracking system using GSM/GPS
technologies" by Aziz et al. (2016) presents a healthcare monitoring and tracking system that
uses Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Global Positioning System
(GPS) technologies. The system is designed to provide real-time monitoring and tracking of
patients' health parameters and [Link] study proposes a system that uses wearable
sensors to collect data from patients' health parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, and
temperature. The data is then transmitted wirelessly to a GSM/GPS device that is attached to
the patient's body. The device uses GSM and GPS technologies to transmit the data to a

5
central server that processes the data and provides real-time monitoring and tracking of
patients' health parameters and locations.[11]

The article “An IoT based e-health care system for remote telemedicine" presents a
design for an Internet of Things (IoT) based e-health care system that enables remote

monitoring and management of chronic diseases. The system consists of a set of wearable
sensors that measure various health parameters, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and
temperature, and send the data to a cloud-based server for analysis. The system also includes a
mobile application that allows patients to access their health data, receive medication
reminders, and communicate with healthcare providers.[12]

In 2009 has conducted study on A Survey of Knowledge on Health issues in the Central
Region of Thailand. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the level of knowledge of
Health issues among the Thai general population, identify area of deficiency for targeted
health education effort, and identify respondent characteristics that may be associated with
knowledge of Health issues. Mean age of respondents was 33.8 years (SD 13.4), with 57.5%
being female. Mean Health issues knowledge score was fair: 25.02 of 42(59.6%), SD 8.35
(19.9%). Respondents performed best in the risk factor section: mean (%) score was 2.88 of 4
(72%), SD 1.11 (27.8%); and worst in the section on Health issues in women: mean (%) score
was 0.82 of 3 (27.3%), SD 0.96 (32.0%). In multiple linear regression analyses, education
level, older age, own self having Health issues, and having a family member/relative/friend
with Health issues were significantly associated with knowledge of Health issues.[13]

The article “Design and implementation of a wearable sensor network system for IoT-
connected safety and health applications” presents wearable sensor network system for
Internet of Things (IoT) connected safety and health applications. Safety and health of
workers are important for industrial workplace; therefore, an IoT network system which can
monitor both environmental and physiological can greatly improve the safety in the
workplace. The proposed network system incorporates multiple wearable sensors to monitor
environmental and physiological parameters. The wearable sensors on different subjects can
communicate with each other and transmit the data to a gateway via a LoRa network which
6
forms a heterogeneous IoT platform with Bluetooth-based medical signal sensing network.
Once harmful environments are detected and, the sensor node will provide an effective
notification and warning mechanism for the users. A smart IoT gateway is implemented to
provide data processing, local web server and cloud connection. After the gateway receives
the data from wearable sensors, it will forward the data to an IoT cloud for further data
storage, processing and visualization.[14]

The article “An IoT based intelligent medicine box using vending machine-medical
ATM” is an innovative system that combines the convenience of a vending machine with the
intelligence of IoT technology to provide a secure and convenient way to dispense medicines.
The system can be accessed through a medical ATM, which is essentially a vending machine
that dispenses medicines instead of snacks or [Link] intelligent medicine box is
equipped with sensors that monitor temperature, humidity, and other environmental
conditions to ensure that the medicines are stored in the appropriate conditions. The IoT
technology enables real-time monitoring and remote control of the medicine box, allowing
healthcare providers to monitor inventory levels, track usage patterns, and receive alerts when
supplies are running low.[15]

The article “Design of a command-and-control system for an automatic pill dispense” by

Moise, Madalin Vasile, Daniela-Mihaela Pavel, and Nicolae Elisei presents the design and
implementation of a command-and-control system for an automatic pill dispenser. The system
is composed of a dispenser unit that can store and dispense multiple types of pills, and a
control unit that manages the dispensation process. The control unit includes a
microcontroller, a user interface, and a wireless communication module for remote

monitoring and control. The system alerts the user when it is time to take the pills, the
alert will intensify if the pills are not removed from the tray. [16]

The article "An Efficient IoT Based Body Parameters Telemonitoring System" presents
a design for an Internet of Things (IoT) based telemonitoring system that can remotely
monitor various body parameters, including body temperature, pulse rate, and blood pressure.
The system comprises a set of sensors, a microcontroller, and a communication module that

7
 transmit data to a cloud server. Telemedicine healthcare system provides the means of
medical treatment remotely. This paper illustrates a real time telemonitoring system that will
keep track of patients' body parameters like temperature, heart rate and galvanic skin
response (GSR).[17]

1.3 MOTIVATION
The main objective of this project is to provide user accessible and convenient
healthcare services to patients in remote or underserved areas.
 To reduce the Inconvenience of user.
 To reduce healthcare costs.
 To provide real-time monitoring
 To enhance patients satisfaction
 To provide improved medication safety.

1.4 OUTLINE

Medical ATM is an innovative healthcare delivery system that combines automated

technologies with healthcare services to provide accessible and convenient healthcare services
and supplies to patients. This system aims to improve healthcare access, efficiency, and cost-
effectiveness while providing quality healthcare services to patients. The medical ATM
typically comprises hardware and software components that work together to provide medical
services, including medication dispensing, medical supplies, equipment dispensing, and
telehealth [Link] software components include an operating system, user interface
software, database management software, security software, and integration software to
connect the medical ATM with other healthcare [Link] has several benefits, including
improved healthcare access for underserved populations, reduced waiting times, increased
efficiency and cost-effectiveness, and improved medication adherence. The system also
8
 provides patients with 24/7 access to medical services, allowing them to receive care at their
convenience. Security software is also utilized to protect user information and prevent
unauthorized access, and integration software can connect the medical ATM with other
healthcare systems such as electronic health records or telemedicine platforms. In conclusion,
the medical ATM is an innovative healthcare delivery system that has the potential to
revolutionize healthcare service delivery, particularly in areas with limited access to
healthcare. By using modern technologies and automation, medical ATMs can help improve
healthcare access and outcomes for users, while reducing costs and improving efficiency for
healthcare providers.

1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT

Chapter 1 It deals with the brief introduction to the Automatic Medicine Dispatcher
Machine. An intensive literature survey on the research topic along with the challenges of the
problem concerned is discussed. The organization of the research work carried out are also
presented in Chapter 1.

Chapter 2 It begins with the outline to the existing work area. The issues and challenges
observed in existing work. The demerits of existing work are also discussed with the
comparative study.

Chapter 3 It discusses the block of the project, images of hardware and detailed explanation
of our project with all the essential stages described in brief.

Chapter 4 It presents the result analysis of the proposed work on IoT technology system that
combined with web application.

Chapter 5 It concludes the project report by summarizing the work. The major contributions
of the project are highlighted and the possible future works based on the project carried out
are indicated.

9
 CHAPTER 2

TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEDICAL ATM

2.1 PREAMBLE

The project aims to provide accessible and affordable healthcare services to underserved
populations in remote or low-income areas. The project involves the development and
implementation equipped with medical devices and tools, such as a blood pressure sensor,
temperature sensor, heartbeat sensor, load sensor , ultrasonic sensor and pill dispensing
system. Patients can use the medical ATM to receive a range of healthcare services, including
medical consultations and prescription refills. The medical ATM project seeks to address the
challenges of healthcare access and affordability faced by many people, particularly those in
rural or low-income areas. By providing a convenient and affordable way for patients to
access healthcare services, the medical ATM project can help improve health outcomes and

reduce healthcare costs.

2.2 OVERVIEW

The patient’s physical parameters & movement status is continuously sent to hospital center
through wifi module. The monitoring center receives the information from each patient and
transmits it through PIC Controller microcontroller. The data from patient can be displayed as
graph or numeric on monitor if it is necessary. The doctor can diagnose the patient according to
continuously recorded data, a sensor electronics module permits the acquisition of different
physiological parameters and their online transmission to the handheld portable device
connected to the processor. The sensor electronics module constitutes a wireless personal area
network. Thus PIC Controller has low power consumption, low cost small size, free frequency
etc. so that real time monitoring is possible & patient can be treated on time with the system &
is helpful in worst condition .

10
 Nowadays, a monitor can move with the patient from the operating room to an intensive
care unit, to the hospital room, and even into their home. This is paramount in today’s world of
health care. The most important features in today’s patient monitors are mobility, ease of use,
and effortless patient data transfer.

Fig 2.1 Block Diagram for Existing System

2.2.1 IOT TECHNOLOGY

The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices,

mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique
identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human- to-
human or human-to-computer interaction. A thing in the internet of things can be a person
with a heart monitor implant, a farm animal with a biochip transponder, an automobile that
has built-in sensors to alert the driver when tire pressure is low or any other natural or man-
made object that can be assigned an Internet Protocol (IP) address and is able to transfer data
over a network.

Increasingly, organizations in a variety of industries are using IoT to operate more

efficiently, better understand customers to deliver enhanced customer service, improve
decision-making and increase the value of the business.

11
Working of IoT

An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded systems,
such as processors, sensors and communication hardware, to collect, send and act on data they
acquire from their environments. In fig 2.1, shows that IoT devices share the sensor data they
collect by connecting to an IoT gateway or other edge device where data is either sent to the
cloud to be analyzed or analyzed locally. Sometimes, these devices communicate with other
related devices and act on the information they get from one another. The devices do most of
the work without human intervention, although people can interact with the devices for
instance, to set them up, give them instructions or access the data.

The connectivity, networking and communication protocols used with these web-
enabled devices largely depend on the specific IoT applications deployed. IoT can also make
use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to aid in making data collecting
processes easier and more dynamic.

Fig 2.2 Block Diagram for IoT System

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 Importance of IoT

The internet of things helps people live and work smarter, as well as gain complete
control over their lives. In addition to offering smart devices to automate homes, IoT is
essential to business. IoT provides businesses with a real-time look into how their systems
really work, delivering insights into everything from the performance of machines to supply
chain and logistics operations.

IoT enables companies to automate processes and reduce labor costs. It also cuts down
on waste and improves service delivery, making it less expensive to manufacture and deliver
goods, as well as offering transparency into customer transactions. As such, IoT is one of the
most important technologies of everyday life, and it will continue to pick up steam as more
businesses realize the potential of connected devices to keep them competitive.

Benefits of IoT Organaisation

The internet of things offers several benefits to organizations. Some benefits are
industry-specific, and some are applicable across multiple industries. Some of the common
benefits of IoT enable businesses to:

 Monitor their overall business processes;

 Improve the customer experience (CX);
 Save time and money;
 Enhance employee productivity;
 Integrate and adapt business models;
 Make better business decisions; and
 Generate more revenue.

IoT encourages companies to rethink the ways they approach their businesses and
gives them the tools to improve their business strategies. Generally, IoT is most abundant in
manufacturing, transportation and utility organizations, making use of sensors and other IoT
devices; however, it has also found use cases for organizations within the agriculture,

13
 infrastructure and home automation industries, leading some organizations toward digital
transformation.

IoT can benefit farmers in agriculture by making their job easier. Sensors can collect
data on rainfall, humidity, temperature and soil content, as well as other factors, that would
help automate farming techniques. The ability to monitor operations surrounding
infrastructure is also a factor that IoT can help with. Sensors, for example, could be used to
monitor events or changes within structural buildings, bridges and other infrastructure. This
brings benefits with it, such as cost saving, saved time, quality-of-life workflow changes and
paperless workflow.

A home automation business can utilize IoT to monitor and manipulate mechanical
and electrical systems in a building. On a broader scale, smart cities can help citizens reduce
waste and energy consumption. IoT touches every industry, including businesses within
healthcare, finance, retail and manufacturing.

Pros and Cons of IoT

Some of the advantages of IoT include the following:

 Ability to access information from anywhere at any time on any device.

 Improved communication between connected electronic devices.
 Transferring data packets over a connected network saving time and money.
 Automating tasks helping to improve the quality of a business's services and reducing the
need for human intervention.

Some disadvantages of IoT include the following:

 As the number of connected devices increases and more information is shared between
devices, the potential that a hacker could steal confidential information also increases.
 Enterprises may eventually have to deal with massive numbers -- maybe even millions -- of
IoT devices, and collecting and managing the data from all those devices will be challenging.
 If there's a bug in the system, it's likely that every connected device will become corrupted.

14
Application

Wearable devices: In wearable devices with sensors and software can collect and analyze
user data, sending messages to other technologies about the users with the aim of making
users' lives easier and more comfortable. Wearable devices are also used for public safety --
for example, improving first responders' response times during emergencies by providing
optimized routes to a location or by tracking construction workers' or firefighters' vital signs
at life-threatening sites.

Healthcare: In healthcare, IoT offers many benefits, including the ability to monitor
patients more closely using an analysis of the data that's generated. Hospitals often use IoT
systems to complete tasks such as inventory management for both pharmaceuticals and
medical instruments.

Smart buildings: In smart building can, for instance, reduce energy costs using sensors
that detect how many occupants are in a room. The temperature can adjust automatically -- for
example, turning the air conditioner on if sensors detect a conference room is full or turning
the heat down if everyone in the office has gone home.

Agriculture: In agriculture, IoT-based smart farming systems can help monitor, for
instance, light, temperature, humidity and soil moisture of crop fields using connected
sensors. IoT is also instrumental in automating irrigation systems.

Smart city: In a smart city, IoT sensors and deployments, such as smart streetlights and
smart meters, can help alleviate traffic, conserve energy, monitor and address environmental
concerns, and improve sanitation.

16
2.2.2 EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES

Smart pill dispensers:

These are devices that automatically dispense medication at scheduled times. They can be
programmed to dispense different medications at different times of the day, and can also send
alerts or reminders to patients or caregivers when it's time to take medication. Some smart pill
dispensers also have tele-monitoring capabilities that allow for remote monitoring of
medication adherence.

Fig 2.3 Smart pill dispensers

Wearable health monitors:

These are devices that can be worn by patients to track vital signs such as heart rate, blood
pressure, and oxygen saturation. They can be used to monitor patients with chronic conditions
such as diabetes or heart disease, and can send alerts to healthcare providers or caregivers if
readings fall outside of normal ranges.

Fig 2.4 Wearable health monitors

16
Mobile health apps:
These are software applications that can be downloaded onto smartphones or other mobile
devices. They can be used to track medication schedules, record vital signs, and send
reminders to patients or caregivers. Some mobile health apps also have tele-monitoring
capabilities that allow healthcare providers to remotely monitor patient health and medication
adherence.

Fig 2.5 Mobile health apps

Telehealth platforms:
These are online platforms that allow for remote healthcare consultations and monitoring.
Patients can use telehealth platforms to schedule virtual appointments with healthcare
providers, and healthcare providers can use them to monitor patient health and medication
adherence remotely.

17
 Fig 2.6 Example of Telehealth platforms

Remote patient monitoring (RPM) systems:

These are systems that allow healthcare providers to remotely monitor patients' health
status and track vital signs. RPM systems can be used for patients with chronic conditions
such as heart disease, diabetes, and COPD, and can help healthcare providers identify
potential health issues before they become serious.

Fig 2.7 Remote patient monitoring (RPM) device

Video Conferencing:

This is a method of telemonitoring that allows healthcare providers to conduct virtual visits
with patients. Videoconferencing can be used for routine check-ups, medication management,
and other healthcare services.

18
 Fig 2.8 Example of Video Conferencing

Medication synchronization programs:

Some pharmacies offer medication synchronization programs that allow patients to receive
all of their medications at the same time each month. This can help patients manage their
medication schedules more easily and reduce the likelihood of missed doses.

Pharmacy automated kiosks:

These are self-service machines that allow patients to pick up their prescription medication
at any time. They can be located in pharmacies or other convenient locations such as grocery
stores or shopping malls.

Fig 2.9 Pharmacy automated kiosks

Multi-dose packaging:
This involves pre-packaging medication in individual doses, which can be particularly
useful for patients with complex medication regimens or those who have difficulty managing
multiple medications. This can also help reduce the risk of medication errors.

19
 Fig 2.10 Multi-dose packaging

2.2.3 Clouding Computing

Clouds consist of a huge amount of particles of water vapor, reaching hundreds of

millions. Clouds do not have central control and basically go where the wind blows. With this
perspective, the large number of client computers and servers on the Internet along with many
different purposes and entities that direct control of its progress are like clouds.

Add this to the wireless data revolution that the cellphone companies have brought us
and really feels like we are all covered by a cloud of invisible computing power.

Since early electronic computers, there is a clear division of manpower between four
main functional parts of a computer:

 Input / output (I / O) that provide the interface with people / computer

 Central processing unit
 Volatile Random Access Memory (RAM)
 Nonvolatile memory

The first three parts put the “computer” in computers. It is the fourth part, where the
assets of important data are usually stored, that has changed more radically with the advent of
cloud computing. Important data assets reside in nonvolatile memory to be protected against
power outage – regardless of whether the loss was deliberate. Generally, non- volatile
memory devices are hard disks, but can also be solid state devices, such as secure digital cards
(SD) and even tape devices (almost obsolete now). But these storage device has its
limitations.

Characteristic of Cloud Computing

 Agility for organizations may be improved, as cloud computing may increase users' flexibility
with re-provisioning, adding, or expanding technological infrastructure resources.
 Cost reductions are claimed by cloud providers. A public-cloud delivery model converts
capital expenditures (e.g., buying servers) to operational expenditure. This purportedly lowers
barriers to entry, as infrastructure is typically provided by a third party and need not be
purchased for one-time or infrequent intensive computing tasks. Pricing on a utility
computing basis is "fine-grained", with
20
 usage-based billing options. As well, less in-house IT skills are required for implementation
of projects that use cloud [Link] e-FISCAL project's state-of-the-art repository
contains several articles looking into cost aspects in more detail, most of them concluding that
costs savings depend on the type of activities supported and the type of infrastructure
available in-house.
 Device and location independence enable users to access systems using a web browser
regardless of their location or what device they use (e.g., PC, mobile phone). As infrastructure
is off-site (typically provided by a third-party) and accessed via the Internet, users can connect
to it from anywhere.
 Maintenance of cloud environment is easier because the data is hosted on an outside server
maintained by a provider without the need to invest in data center hardware. IT maintenance
of cloud computing is managed and updated by the cloud provider's IT maintenance team that
reduces cloud computing costs compared with the on-premises data centers.
 Multitenancy enables sharing of resources and costs across a large pool of users thus allowing
for: centralization of infrastructure in locations with lower costs (such as real estate,
electricity, etc.)
 peak-load capacity increases(users need not engineer and pay for the resources and equipment
to meet their highest possible load-levels),utilisation and efficiency improvements for systems
that are often only 10–20% utilized.
 Performance is monitored by IT experts from the service provider, and consistent and loosely
coupled architectures are constructed using web services as the system interface.
 Productivity may be increased when multiple users can work on the same data
simultaneously, rather than waiting for it to be saved and emailed. Time may be saved as
information does not need to be re-entered when fields are matched, nor do users need to
install application software upgrades to their computer.
 Availability improves with the use of multiple redundant sites, which makes well-designed
cloud computing suitable for business continuity and disaster recovery.

21
2.3 DEMERITS OF THE EXISTING WORK

 Security and privacy: Medical ATMs store sensitive patient information, such as medical
history and diagnostic test results. This information must be protected to ensure patient
privacy and security. However, there is always a risk of data breaches or cyber attacks, which
could compromise patient information.
 Lack of Personal Connection: Telemonitoring systems may reduce personal interactions
between patients and healthcare providers, which could negatively impact patient satisfaction
and adherence to treatment plans. Patients may feel less comfortable discussing sensitive
medical issues remotely and may prefer in-person consultations with their healthcare
providers.

22
 CHAPTER 3
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MEDICAL ATM

3.1 PREAMBLE

The main purpose of the project is to fulfill this requirement and minimize the inconvenience
caused to people and save their time. They are also easy to use and require no appointments,
which can save patients time and reduce wait times.

3.2 FLOW CHART

PATIENT’S ARRIVAL

PATIENT’S
INITIAL
CHECK-UP

CALL DOCTOR

YES NO

VIDEO PRESCRIPTION
CONVERSATION RECEIPT

MEDICINE
DISPATCH

23
Fig 3.1 Flow chart of medical ATM
3.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 3.2 Block Diagram of medical ATM

All the sensors - temperature sensor , ultrasonic sensor , weight sensor , heart rate sensor and
blood pressure sensor are connected to the PIC16F877A microcontroller.
To view the patient's details, the PIC16F877A microcontroller is connected to the LCD
display. In the beginning, the patient will undergo an initial check-up and the data will be sent to the
doctor via IOT. The doctor can view the data in real time using . Clicking the call doctor option
connects the patient with the doctor if they need to speak. Then, he will prescribe the medicine that
will be shown in the monitor. A single-channel relay is an electronic switch that can be controlled
by a low-power electrical signal A single channel relay controls the motor, which controls the
opening and closing of the medicine dispatcher. Iot module is for receiving and transmitting
information from user and doctor as shown in the fig.3.2. Mic is used for communicating with
doctors and Speaker is used to hear doctors' consultations.

24
3.4 HARDWARE SECTION

In the hardware section consists of various components, such as

1. PIC Microcontroller
2. Heart Beat Sensor
3. Temperature Sensor
4. Blood Pressure Sensor
5. SD card-based Audio Device
6. Speaker
7. LCD
8. Power Supply
9. UART
10. Pc or Monitor

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

1 Language : C Language
2 Compiler : MPLAB IDE
3 Operating System : Windows

25
BLOOD
PRESSURE
SENSOR
POWER SUPPLY
HEARTBEAT
SENSOR

LOAD SENSOR

LCD DISPLAY

PIC MICRO-
CONTROLLER

SPEAKER

ULTRASONIC
SENSOR

RELAY IOT MODULE

MOTOR

GSM MODULE CAMERA

Fig 3.3 Connections for Hardware Section

26
MICROCONTROLLER

In this project, micro-controller we used is PIC16F877A microcontroller. These are

electronic circuits that can be programmed to do a wide range of tasks. The PIC16F877A is a
40-pin (DIP) microcontroller which Microchip describes as powerful based on having a 200
nanosecond instruction speed.
Pin layout of PIC16F877A

Fig 3.4 Pin layout of of PIC16f877a

DISPLAY UNIT

Display unit for this project is LCD display, it is 16×2 LCD means it can display 16
characters per line and there are 2 such lines. It shows all the collected data of the
patient,intelligent alphanumeric dot matrix displays is capable of displaying 224 different
characters and symbols. A full list of the characters and symbols is printed on pages 7/8. This
booklet provides all the technical specifications for connecting the unit, which requires a
single power supply (+5V).

TEMPERATURE SENSOR:
27
 Temperature sensor is used to measure the body temperature of the [Link] the
patient touches the sensor it detects the body temperature.

HEART BEAT SENSOR:

Heartbeat sensor is used to measure the heart rate of the patient. The heartbeat sensor is
based on the principle of photoplethysmography. It measures the change in volume of blood
through any organ of the body which causes a change in the light intensity through that organ.

WEIGHT SENSOR:

Weight sensor is used to measure the weight of the patient. It converts an input
mechanical force such as load, weight, tension, compression, or pressure into another physical
variable, in this case, into an electrical output signal that can be measured, converted and
standardized.

ULTRASONIC SENSOR:

Ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an object using

ultrasonic sound waves . In this device it is used to measure the height of the patient.

BLOOD PRESSURE SENSOR:

The Blood Pressure Sensor is a non-invasive sensor designed to measure human blood
pressure. It measures systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure utilizing the oscillometric
method

SINGLE CHANNEL RELAY AND MOTOR :

A single-channel relay is an electronic switch that can be controlled by a low-power

electrical signal A single channel relay controls the motor, which controls the opening and
closing of the medicine dispatcher.

GSM – GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION:

28
 It is used to connect audio or video calls made by the patient to their doctor for real-
time communication.
MIC : Used for communicating with doctors
SPEAKER : Used to hear doctors' consultations

IOT MODULE:

The IoT module introduces the Internet of Things, which extends Internet connectivity

from computers and related devices to other physical devices or common objects .It is used
for receiving and transmitting information from user and doctor.

UART:

Universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter is used for exchange of serial data between

two [Link] is used to connect IOT module.

3.5 MERITS OF THE PROPOSED WORK

 Reduce the Inconvenience: Medical ATMs are available 24/7, which means patients can
access healthcare services at any time. They are also easy to use and require no
appointments, which can save patients time and reduce wait times.
 Accessibility: Medical ATMs can increase access to healthcare services, especially in
remote or underserved areas where there may be a shortage of healthcare professionals
or facilities.

 Cost-Effective: Medical ATMs can be a cost-effective way to provide healthcare

services, especially for routine checkups and minor medical issues. By using a Medical
ATM, patients can avoid the cost and inconvenience of traveling to a healthcare facility
or paying for an in-person consultation.

 Privacy: Medical ATMs offer patients privacy during their medical consultations, which
can be especially important for sensitive issues such as mental health or sexual health.

29
3.6 DEMERITS OF PROPOSED WORK

 Technical Difficulties: Medical ATMs rely on technology to function, which means

they are susceptible to technical difficulties such as software glitches, connectivity
issues, and hardware malfunctions. Technical problems can disrupt the delivery of
healthcare services and can be frustrating for patients.

 Limited Scope of Care: Medical ATMs are designed to provide basic medical care and
diagnostic tests, but they may not be able to provide the same level of care as a
healthcare professional in person

3.7 SUMMARY

The automatic medicine dispatcher using telemonitoring system is a promising

solution for improving medication adherence and patient outcomes, especially for patients
with chronic conditions. The system combines the benefits of telemonitoring technology and
an automatic medication dispenser to ensure timely and accurate medication delivery. While
implementation requires careful consideration of patient privacy and data security, the system
has great potential to address medication non-adherence challenges and improve patient
health outcomes while reducing healthcare costs. Ongoing research and collaboration among
healthcare providers, technology companies, and regulatory agencies will be necessary to
advance the technology and ensure successful implementation in clinical practice

30
 CHAPTER 4

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

4.1 PATIENT’S MONITOR

It is a user interfaced application that displays the patient's recorded information,

allows live communication with the doctor, and displays the prescribed medication and its
intake timings as shown in fig 4.1

Fig 4.1 Home Page of medical ATM

31
4.2 WEB APPLICATION
This web application is used by doctors to obtain patient health information and
can only be accessed by the admin shown in fig 4.2. It offers live health information to the
doctors.

Fig 4.2 Web Page for Admin

32
 CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION

5.1 CONCLUSION

The automatic medicine dispatcher using telemonitoring system is a promising

solution to improve medication adherence and patient outcomes. The integration of
telemonitoring technology allows for remote monitoring of patients' health conditions, and the
automatic dispenser ensures timely and accurate medication delivery. This system can help
address the challenges of medication non-adherence, particularly among patients with chronic
conditions, and improve patient health outcomes while reducing healthcare costs.
Furthermore, the system must be user-friendly and accessible to patients of all ages and
technology proficiency levels.

5.2 FUTURE SCOPE:

Integration with Artificial Intelligence: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

technology can enhance the Medical ATM's capabilities by enabling it to provide more
accurate diagnosis, recommendations, and treatment plans based on patient data and medical
history.
Telemedicine Expansion: The Medical ATM project can expand to provide a broader range
of telemedicine services, including specialist consultations, remote diagnostics, and virtual
healthcare services.
Increased Accessibility: The Medical ATM project can be extended to reach remote and
underserved areas, providing access to healthcare services to populations that lack adequate
healthcare infrastructure.
Data Analytics: The Medical ATM project can leverage data analytics tools to analyze
patient data, track trends, and improve the overall quality of care provided by the system.

33
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