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Formula
Sheet
CLASS 12
aa
—
y
/ .
~~ .
-~*° co Cd Electnic Changes and. fields
Changes Like ChOrges repel each other
+ ike cogya
™
Positive Negative umtike charges attract each over
9 6
Charges Chaages
Propenties of change
| t I
Quantisection Addi tively Conservation
q= ne Gut = Eq total change of on /solated
where, 1: 01,2 =a system N constont
eisan change of @=léxiovre
electhon
Fe Coulomb's tow
Fe K Q:9o k= = 9x10? N-m2/ce
1
Vector foam,
FAK Ud fy
A
Principle of Superposition ,
a : > = :
E> Fit Fig t Ftg t on = 8.854 x 10? c2/N-me
as Ay,
4b iF2 My
sy Electaic freld
FY} on FE t
qe ihe | ae
vector form, Qo + test chorge
Pete +
uiTé, n>
‘xy Relative Pen ynitivi dy B= E_ | fe Beaivity me Pree poe
Fermin ty ian reveals Linear Chorge densit A= dg /at
Suaface Charge le ret re dg fol ,
volume Charge densi Pradglav ,
Sy Electne field due toa syetem of chasge fm un ocr ayy
Pasa point where we aoe 8 fire Electme
(field lus system of 9? charges
Elecinie cipole rnornent vem
dimension
Nah vetlan in chineation of jf B
Blectnic field deu 18 a depole
ch AL axial position (it) AL equatonal position
e, | 2p E, !
avial = Tae 2b; equa ane
Sy Tongue on a dépole um a external umifonm field
= pesiné] ov | T= BXE
dy Anta vector & sotid Angle
n= dw = dA |or |dw = dAcose
A a ae
R= unit vector = angie between ALR
Electhic flux = PEGA] on |p, = f cancoss
Unde = Nem /e ahi ~ [mar at)
ey Gauss Theorem es. &
é ,
sy Application of gouss’s (aw
Gy Field due lo an infinitely long
stmaight uniformly changed wire
( Aue 46 untfonmly changed cnfinite| &
plone rhea t a f Gin) Field due 16 Untfornauy changed thin gphervical shell
(a) Oulside the chell Cu>R) (b> Ab surface CH= R)
= a E 2
cum
& 4? fo
() 4b an Internal pornt (nR) (6) AL surface (n= Rk)
at an internal Point CHeR)
c
in
#.
£5 Electrostatic Potential & Capacitance
® Electnostatic Potewtiat | V= W| % Potentiat oifference
& work [w= gx av 2S Veloaity Potential
Gradient
PB Electnie Potential as Linton Tntegral
S Electnic Potential at a point owe to a Point - charge
‘Se Electnic Potential awe to an Electnit Dipole SElectnostatic Potential énengg
(®) End on position VPs 2 Us 91%
Wilk, #* ant 4
(6) Equatorial ine
(c) Bt any point
Wonk done in Rotating an Electnic Sipole
(0) &=0 |w = pe Ci-coso)| tb O= 90" [W= pe | Cc) 6-180"
2) Potential Energy of an electric dipole [T, ~~ be cose
(4) O=0 DE (bs) 0790" |u= 0] ©) @= 180"
SCopocity of an isolated Sphenical Conductor
C= 4TEKa
© Potential Energy of & changed conductor 3 z [r - 2]
fo AE, A
SLlectrical Capacitance] C
u= £qvorlu= 19° lorlU = icy®
2 IC @
Force between the plates
SCapoctionte of Parallel - Plate Capacitor of a charged parallel plale
Capocitos
Ket 9 [0° Gof & F
=
d 2
ge 4 Enenpy density
* Copatity of Parallel Plate Capacitor
Partly filled with Dielectric substance
S Capacitors in Series
* Capiecitor in parallel © Electhic curhent
Cunnent Clactnicity
[Wet change
time imtenvad
& Ohm's iaw
© Specific Resitance
( Resistivity)
& Bxift velouty
% Curent density
S Relation between L and vy
S Relawon between f and v
& Mobility (i) = Vy Bs
E
= Specific conductance [* 2
Dependence of Resistance on temperature
IR - z Cita) ] > RR, X= Temperature cofficient
Ni pos Saar el rae xt of resistance
© Covabination of Resistances S/Oynarnie 7a
Resistance
(A) On Senies (8) In Parallel
R= R ERT Rs betetel
ree ie
S Clectue Power =: Ww P=
£
Seme ofa cell fe - wl] * électnre He Wee Vit. Pe = VE
y Energy an ee Yd
E= Vit Vit Vet
STenmuiaal Potential difference
Vi, Va, Vy Sly = bin
} Kénchoff's tau
1. [ei=0 itty - Az - hg - be =O
a [EcR= EE] [4 R- R= G- | [A.M Ce tad Ry = &
& Wheatstone Brndge he k
lq 5 |
Meter Gsudge & = R [too L]
it
& Potentiometen A= R {4 }
by
SL Tempenatune dependency. of Resistivity P. = fy (rtar-te)) SB Rict Savant law 46 = its idl Sind
4 a
Relation between u, aud & a=
* J le Eo
Magnetic field along he oxis of a cuenent - cannying, Cincular coil
B= Mo 207Nia - UeNea* My = Permeability of
47 (attnt)?? 2 /a%+x3)™ free space
av =
SAmpene's Cinenital law f Bd
Bi Magnetic field due to an infinitely = dist
long straight eunrent - carkying wine 2TH
Mod | 6, = Pemmittinity
of free space’
BM ognetic field fnside a foug solenoid A = Mond,
AyMaquetic field due toa tOvoid Endless) Solenoid [B= uy ni
SMagnetit field outside He toroid B= 0
lonente fowce [F- qv8 LE = gvasine
Motion of a changed Particle m a Uniform Electric freld
yr ato ys SE K=lmv* ge see
2mv* amy* a 4K
1. Pamaltel to the field [f= 0] |2 Penpendiculan io Lhe field
. Riagonal to me pield K mv? on v= [2K
* # f =
PP = C080, dim
4
Ks qv
a
A> musing
yA
Bly clotnon Foxe on a curshent carrying conductor F = £8L Stud
Magnetic field at the centre of
Beagnetic fietd due to a straight Cuxnent [8 = ua a (Sing, + Sing,)
O Current - carrying Circular (09 o¥ coil 20 ETA
CoAKy ing Conductor of fiutte leugh
B = Mel | og |B = Ho We]
4m n#
S Tongue on Oo BaK Mog net M = NiA
SP Potontial Enengy of a Magnetic Dipole
in on external mugnelie field
T = MBSinp ae een £
B
Up = = MB Cosd
Magnetic field Intensity due to moguetic dipoles B'Moving coil Galvanome tes
(a) End on position 6= Mo aM
(b) Bxpad- side-on position
Magnetic dipole moment of xeyolving electron
&
at}
“
© deflection = wag)
formule kK
) CuARENE =
Senstivity I
$ voltage =f
senstivity v
Magnetic field at
=é 7 jt: mh & m=! fon min centne of & long
an
aM
SP Bokn magneton [Mynin= 2h —
YT me
g (b+ exB) = Ft hm
solenoid
B= Ment [Cosb,-cos6y]
~
Motion 1" combined tlectne and magnetic field
=
P= © C . Magnetism and Matter
Ban Magnet as equivalent solenoid |B = Mo aM
an 3
Horizontal component of earth's Magnetic fielo
Be = Ord = tam Be
Bu
Maguttic Tntensity- ws
} Intensity of Maguetisation zs a
r
spPRelative Magnetic Permeability |a, - “| [un re |_pflue density
Ms
Un 1 (Diomagnetic) My>L (Pananraguetic) uy>>1 (Fennomag netic)
Magnetic Susceptibile tm = L
ey Mag ty med
SyRelaton between My, and Ty My = It Lm
eycunie's law [T= € (4)
gyOipole in uniform maguetic field = 4m?E]) 9 = Moment of
Mt? dnentia
SrGouss Law for magnetism for any closed surface
$ Bak = 0 wm Electnomagnetic Induction
EY Mag netic fluc = BF A+ BACH
DY Induced EMF Ndes] Brvduced Current
di at
PyTnduced change | 9 Nas
Py Induced EMF acnoss the Geds of a stnaight conduction [_e = Byl
Se setf cnductonce [L = NO Le gett inductonce of @ Plawe coil
A Aijat
b= MT Nn
@
Self inductonce of @ fong Solenoid t= unrA
? L
Pyenengy stoned ina coil [UD = pe Py Inductons in Senies [L- Lt ty
Py Muluat Inductance [M= MiG] [m= <2, | SF Tedubons ta Porellel | b= Lite
iy 4iy/at bith
Mutual Inductance of two Coaxial Solenoids |M = weMiNaA| LM = Homi Nel
Py Enengy Consideration = [p- Bw] [ao - ads
Ke a
P = Power
Py Inductame when current flowing in both coil
e Ly din - My die OR lEmF= Selp + Mutual
ai di Grductance Inductance S Altennating voltage | eo = NaAw
SB Hean Value of Alternating Current
SS Root Meow Square Value of Alternating Curent
SPeniodie Tivme T= 0 Sh Preequency
o
S- Lr te] [Wome tm
SP Gnductive-Reactance [X= wh = FL] SCopoeitive Recistance
When Lond & in cenies ‘Sp When C and R in sextes
Omordauce [Z= 2? 4 wt)” Smnpedonce a ra)
wes
Phase angle Phase angle tanp = 1
R wt
Sh When L ond @ in series Bewhew 1,0, 2 sn cenies
| Resonant ot PE Tmpedence
Prequency anJic
= Inductance | Prose angle
Capacitonce
Resistance
Dr Senies LOR Resonant eincult
Mb rninaraevesct 5 cnnsetaarEER REO RICOTTA toatl
3) when echewlt contains L and R Bors
Sp wattiess Cunnent [P= Vans 4 tung £06%0"= 0
and width | Aw = w,-c, 4 SH Guality fecton
Sp Tramsfonmen Efficiency |) = ls Kis
Vo Xi
% @. Mean ‘PV Bisplacement Current
Py Maxwell Equations
+ Gauss law of electuieity
2 Gauss [aw of Magnetism
e--ddp
wt
$ Bal = uy (er ia)
3: Panaday's law of Electromagnetic induction
4. Arapene’s Maxwell ciacultal faw
Brenengy dencity in Electhomagnetic waves
LL
Uj BE
2 ae Ye = Electnical enevgy olensit
Um > Magnetic Energy olensity
x
fo Sy Focal lengh of Sprenical minnon [f= x] [> focal lengh
Pp Moen equation
a A= nadius of curvature
Lelia Zt fox both Concove aud Conver mirror,
vow
£
Py liners Moguification
(Py Suett’s tow
m= % = -p
qe 4
sink
Sink = jm, > Ta | d+ angle of incident
A> angie of reflection
*|
&
Syrstation between Cuilical Ougle aud Refractive index
*
n
Sony = ay
atyy
‘SY thin lens fommuta
Py Power of lens
Pefox combination of lenses
teicher
Power,
Magra [ication
Lo Ls | SyMagaipication : +e for lent
vou
f
P= L| SY focal length of Conver lens by displocement
£ method
% © = Mt
M= MM, My. 2. :
ns hy z
y u
Preepraceiva cadex of me /priem SP Deslvation oy at tain prism
‘SyDispensive power of a prism
nm Sin [Ate] Sm 2 (n-1 A
my
Py Aayleigh's Scattering taur 8 Huygen's Painetpal of Secondary waves
La=%] 4 tncident angle , x> reflected ongle , 1%, = Mefroctive index
Sinn ty Ue
[ting we = constont 1M = De = Welocity of Wight an find medium
velocity of tight sn second medium
lye cc
n et velocity of light
SY Refractive index of Walen nelative to ain |n= A_|oR
n= nefnactive index 3 Optical Path cxt= nd| d
Aw
SY Tnlenfenence T> t,t 240%, Cosg
“SY Positions Of Bright fringes z- mDA
a
= distance
Fringe Width
PY Positions of Dank fringes |x ‘ 1) DA
aja
PY Displacement of fringe ‘thickness of plate
T = D(n-t)t
a
toa
w(n-1)
SB Diffraction of light due to a single sive
SAngulan Fainge - Width
e Sind = le sino
(amt) aA
4
JS Angulan width of Central vraximum
26= Qa
JS Ltnean width of Central maximum
Resolving power of Telescope
& Fresnel ol’stonce
& Resolving powen of microscope
Doppler effect
its
gventy
Brewster's law U> tanig
us &
Ad = ~ Vrodicat
Change im frequency fy = Ve
3
Moriveum Kinetic Enengy of Photoclecthous
& Thneshold Wavelength Ag = £
Yo > Threshold Frequenay
We hve Ex = h(v-»)
2 Einstein's Photoelectwic Equation
Ploneke coustont
We Wonk function , f =
a Enengy c+ hy = be] S% Momentum
A
Wave wature of Panticle
my
e
@ = 6 Rete
lev= 164 (0 Joule
6:63 x 102" Joule (Sec
m= 931K 10°! Ky
A= 2d Sin8
Sp Bnagg Equation
% Heisenberg’ Vacentoiniy principle
At-Ap = tt
eek S-Alpha Pasticle scattering and Rutherford Fs Caeyl ze)
Auctear moclel of ‘atom UTE, 2
* Relation between ombit Hodrus and electron volocity
fon hyd nogen atom
%% Kinetic enengy fon Hydrogen atom [K-22 Pee
Sh Potentiol Enengy fox Mydrogen atorn
& Born's atomic Model rave = nh
at
SF Velocity of Electnon in Slationony onsits v fee]
2hbe
SH tnengy of Electaon fn stationary axbits | Cy pee
Beh”
& Tonisation Enengy f, + - 136 Fn? ~ fhe
h
z
x75 A
Sp Wavelength tn Enaission avd absorption transitions ~ dat
A
Wave number ‘ R= Rydberg constont
n= quontum number
Shymau Sentes ny = 4,3, 4
Salman sences z 4,5
Paschen Sentes
Phmackett Senses
SPfund Senies & Size of nucleus DRAB) koe 2x10 Mm 1 Fanmi = to? m
R= RoA 0 ,
Ta
Jomu = [-66 x 10
Ke Lu Xe = 931 Mev = Atomic mass unit
Se mass enenge [L= mc] Nucleon Binding, Energy. [am =[zmp 4 (AZ) mg) -
3 Beading Energy Ey > AMe* Binding Energy Pen Nucleon
OM Mass defect
=
A
br
Sf Theony of nelativity Ps - | Rutherford ond Soddy law | N= Noe“
SMass Enengy Relovon [4E = amc*
& Half life SP Avenage fife |T = L 0.69317,
A
> Rate of decay = Re™ & Kenen Diode R
w= Clectnical Conductivity
he Resistivity
Metals
Ug > Emitter Cunnent Sew conductor
ig? Mase current Snsulaton
ig? Collector current
= Vin- Vz SF
it ty mie
Chanactenstics of Tnansiston
Input. Resistance
Oubpus Resiztance
Cummeut gain tn common
SF Enengy band gap for.
tg 0
fg < 3ev
Cy ? 3ev
Ry
=
SAC Cunnent Gom = | 8 (a0) “ae |
Aig
va | AC Voltage Guin [Ay «
Abe x Raw
Aig Rin
wad,
SLAC Power Gain = p20) £ bestows Goin
Emaitten Configuration
SF Collecten-to- emitter Voltage + Cunnent tnansfes Ratio
aul» Resistance Goin
hin
%[ men, -
Me =
By Table: Summany of devices
Cunsent Amplification factor
mo, of free electhons , N,* No. of holes , 7 = Inininsic cannies
trate | logic topic Twin tae
syrmbot | varias | naue | Output
a ®| mM
oR ararv | 3] fo] ¢
ano [Ay |aser| s | i]s
= ples
nor] foo] ter | t 2
me | AT pay | Rey | ELE | E
nor] soy | ater | |] a
De el 4
concenthation
