Print culture

Q1. Where did the development of print first begin?

A. East Asia
B Europe
C. India
D. America

Q2. In which countries was the earliest kind of print technology developed?
A. India
B. England
C. China, Japan and Korea.
D. Malaya

Q3. How were the books in China printed?

A. printing by seals
B. by rubbing paper, against the inked surface of woodblocks
C. machine printing
D. rust printing

Q4. How were the books bound in China?

A. seal together with glue
B. machine bound
C folded and stitched at the side
D were not bound, just put together

Q5. Which country was a major producer of print material for a long time?
A. Korea
B China
C. Japan
D. India

Q6. Since China possessed a huge bureaucratic system in the Imperial state how did they do
recruitment of its personnel ?
A. through civil service examinations
B. through verbal interview
C. if somebody knew someone in the bureaucratic system
D. direct choice of the royals
Q7. How did the candidates prepare for this examination?
A. studying textbooks printed for the preparation of this exam
B. tutorials through teachers
C. self research
D. home tutoring

Q8. What changes occurred in the seventeenth century, as urban culture bloomed in China?
i. Print was no longer used just by scholar officials
ii. Merchants used print in their everyday life, as they collected trade information.
iii. new readership preferred fictional narratives, poetry, autobiographies, anthologies of literary
masterpieces, and romantic plays
iv. women began publishing their poetry and plays. Wives of scholar-officials published their
works and courtesans wrote about their lives.
A. i only
B. i and ii
C. All of the above
D. None of the above

Q9. What further advancement did this new reading culture bring about?
A. mechanical presses were made in China
B. Western printing techniques and mechanical presses were imported
C. more stress on the block printing method
D. mechanical presses were exported to other countries

Q10. Shanghai became the hub of the new print culture, catering to the Western-style schools.
A. Beijing
B. Hangzhou
C. Shanghai
D. Guangzhou

Q11. Who introduced hand-printing technology into Japan around AD 768-770 ?

A. Chinese travelers
B. Chinese Scholars
C. Buddhist missionaries from China
D. Chinese teachers
Q12. In the late eighteenth century, in the flourishing urban circles of Tokyo ………………….. had
become very popular along with the text in the books.
i. visual material
ii. advertising products
iii. print photography
iv. paintings in print
A. i and iv
B. i and ii
C. i, ii and iii
D. None of the above

Q13. When did Chinese paper reach Europe?

A. 8th century
B. 11th century
C. 12th century
D. 7 th century

Q14. In 1295, Marco Polo, a great explorer, returned to Italy after many years of exploration in
China, what knowledge did he carry back with him?
A. how to make paper
B art of calligraphy
C the technology of woodblock printing.
D visual printing

Q15. What is Vellum?

A. Base made from synthetic
B. A parchment made from the skin of animals
C. base made from cloth to write on
D. paper made from bark

Q16. What was the reason behind the popularity of woodblock printing in 15th century Europe to
print textiles, playing cards, and religious pictures with simple, brief texts.
i. demand for books increased, booksellers all over Europe began exporting books to many
different countries
ii. Production of handwritten manuscripts was also organised in new ways to meet the
expanded demand
iii. production of handwritten manuscripts could not satisfy the ever-increasing demand for
books
iv. Copying was an expensive, laborious and time-consuming business.
A. i only
B. i and ii
C. All of the above
D. None of the above

Q17. When did Johann Gutenberg developed the first-known printing press at
Strasbourg, Germany ?
A. !430s
B. 1420s
C. 1520s
D. 1450s

Q18. Which was the first publication that Gutenberg printed?

A. Political articles
B. Bible
C. newspapers
D. travel stories

Q19. What were the main characteristics of these printed books?

i. The metal letters imitated the ornamental handwritten styles.
ii. Borders were illuminated by hand with foliage and other patterns, and illustrations were
painted
iii. In the books printed for the rich, space for decoration was kept blank on the printed page
iv. Each purchaser could choose the design and decide on the painting school that would do the
illustrations.
A. i only
B. i and ii
C. All of the above
D. None of the above

Q20. Were the common people able to have access to reading?

i. No, many were not literate
ii. No , they lived in a world of oral culture. They heard sacred texts read out, ballads recited, and
folk tales narrated.
iii. they were able to get the hand me downs from the rich
iv. they bought books just like the rich
A. i only
B. i and ii
C. All of the above
D. None of the above
Q21. How did the print media affect the religious systems?
A. there was no affect
B. no questioning and debates came up
C. those who disagreed with established authorities could now print and circulate their ideas.
Through the printed message, they could persuade people to think differently
D. print media and religion stayed away from each other

Q22. In 1517, the religious reformer Martin Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses criticising many of
the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church, what was its outcome?
i. they were ignored by the church
ii. A printed copy of this was posted on a church door in Wittenberg. It challenged the Church to
debate his ideas.
iii. Luther’s writings were immediately reproduced in vast numbers and read widely.
iv. This lead to a division within the Church and to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
Luther’s translation of the New Testament sold 5,000 copies within a few weeks
A. i only
B. i and ii
C. All of the above
D. ii, iii and iv

Q23. What is Heretical ?

A. Beliefs which do not follow the accepted teachings of the Church.
B. self made religious beliefs
C. foreign accepted religious beliefs
D. accepted teachings of the Church

Q24. Why did the Roman Church begin to maintain an Index of Prohibited Books from 1558?
i. interference of foriegn writers
ii. giving too many independent beliefs to people through books
iii. troubled by such effects of popular readings and questionings of faith
iv. writing and printing of heretical beliefs
A. i only
B. i and ii
C. ii, ii and iv
D. iii and iv
Q25. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries how did literacy rates grow?
A. Churches of different denominations set up schools in villages, carrying literacy to peasants
and artisans.
B. The government took strong initiative to open schools
C. individual teacher to student teaching took on a major growth
D. self learning became the passion among people

Q26. What is a Chapbook?

A. a literature book
B. coffee table book of arts and designs
C. pocket sized books that were sold by travelling pedlars called chapmen
D. a religious book

Q27. What other benefits came through printing during this period?
i. Newspapers and jurnal for information on wars and trade.
ii. Publications related to science with maps and diagrams
iii. not much benefit as printing was limited
iv. writings of thinkers such as Thomas Paine, Voltaire and Jean Jacques Rousseau were also
widely printed and read.
A. i only
B. i and ii
C. All of the above
D. i, ii and iv

Q28. What was the common conviction by the mid-eighteenth century, about printing and
reading?
A. that books were a means of spreading progress and enlightenment
B. that people only read what the writer wanted them to read
C. books created discourses
D. that book knowledge was uneven in the society

Q29. Who proclaimed: ‘Tremble, therefore, tyrants of the world! Tremble before the virtual writer!’
A. James Lackington
B. Rousseau
C. Voltaire
D. Louise-Sebastien Mercier

Q30. What impact did print have regarding the French Revolution?
i. print popularised the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers, their writings provided a critical
commentary on tradition, superstition and despotism and reasoning
ii. print created a new culture of dialogue and debate
iii. by the 1780s there was literature that mocked the royalty and monarchy and criticised their
morality, along with cartoons and caricatures
iv. people were not affected directly but they did pay attention
A. i only
B. i and ii
C. All of the above
D. None of the above

Q31. When was the children’s press, devoted to literature for children alone, set up in France?
A. 1857
B. 1855
C. 1860
D. 1854

Q32. What kind of writings did the women produce at the time?
A religious writings
B. manuals teaching proper behaviour and housekeeping, they wrote about a person with will,
strength of personality, determination and the power to think.
C. feminist writings
D. tragedies.

Q33. In the 1920s in England, popular works were sold in cheap series, called the
A. Shilling Series.
B. Penny Series
C. Yorkshire Series
D. Oxford Series

Q34. How were the ancient handwritten manuscripts in India preserved?

A. by binding
B. either pressed between wooden covers or sewn together
C. glued together
D. kept loose

Q 35. When did the printing press first come to India?

A. with East India Company
B. much after the establishment of the British
C. with Portuguese missionaries in the mid-sixteenth century.
D with the Dutch merchants

Q36. What began English printing in India?

A. James Augustus Hickey began to edit the Bengal Gazette
B. East India Company started printing for its administrative purposes
C. English writers encouraged it in India
D. Colonial government printed to build its image

Q37. When did the first of the Indian newspapers get published in the vernacular languages?
A. 1825
B. 1821-22
C. 1815
D. 1810

Q38. What did the Deoband Seminary, founded in 1867, publish?

A. Anti muslim ideologies
B Hindu Muslim amalgamation
C. thousands of fatwas telling Muslim readers how to conduct themselves in their everyday lives,
and explaining the meanings of Islamic doctrines
D. persian newspapers

Q39. When did the first printed edition of the Ramcharitmanas of Tulsidas, a sixteenth-century
text, come out ?
A. 1810
B. 1910
C. 1815
D. 1812

Q40. Which were the new literary forms that entered the world of Indian reading ?
A. religious writings
B anti British publications
C. translations of foreign novels
D. lyrics , short stories , essays about social and political matters

Q41. By the end of the nineteenth century, a new visual culture was taking shape, what was it?
i. Cheap prints and calendars, easily available in the bazaar, the poor decorated their homes
ii. Painters like Raja R avi Varma produced images for mass circulation
iii. These prints began shaping popular ideas about modernity and tradition, religion and politics,
and society and culture
iv. caricatures and cartoons were being published
A. i only
B. i and ii
C. All of the above
D. None of the above

Q 42. Was womens’ education encouraged with the increase in reading culture?
A. Liberal husbands and fathers began educating their womenfolk at home, and sent them to
schools when women’s schools were set up in the cities.
B. No the women weren’t allowed to be educated
C. Education for women would lead them to liberal ideologies which was not accepted
D. Women were meant for only home chores

Q43. Why did the early twentieth century, journals, written for and sometimes edited by women,
become popular?
A. they did not become popular
B. they corrupted the minds of the women
C. because they discussed issues like women’s education, widowhood, widow remarriage, d
fashion lessons to women
D. they were discouraged

Q44. Dr B R Ambedkar wrote mainly on the issues of ………………

A. women
B. caste system
C. political issues
D. economy

Q45. In the 1930s, Bangalore cotton millworkers set up libraries to educate themselves, who
were they sponsored by?
A. millowners
B. social reformers
C. educationists
D freedom fighters

Q46. What regulations did the Calcutta Supreme Court pass by the 1820s?
A. to control press freedom
B. Freedom to press
C. to write only pro British
D. no social reform publications

Q47. What was the impact of this on the East India Company?
A. No impact
B. Company began to trouble the Indian writers
C. Company began encouraging publication of newspapers that would celebrate British rule
D. they discouraged newspapers that wrote pro India

Q48. What happened after the revolt of 1857?

i. Enraged Englishmen demanded a clamp down on the ‘native’ press
ii. As vernacular newspapers became assertively nationalist, the colonial government began
debating measures of stringent control
iii. No rights for Indians to write
iv. Only English writings to be published
A. i only
B. i and ii
C. All of the above
D. None of the above

Q49. What was the Vernacular Press Act of 1878 about?

A. No rights for Indians to write
B. It provided the government with extensive rights to censor reports and editorials in the
vernacular press
C. Indian writers to be banished
D. Only English writings to be published
Q50. When Punjab revolutionaries were deported in 1907, who wrote with great sympathy about
them in his Kesari?
A. Balgangadhar Tilak
B. Subhashchandra Bose
C. Chandrashekhar Azaad
D. Udham Singh