COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND
PROGRAMMING
PYTHON: Identifiers, Data type, Variables, Constants,
Operators, Assignment statements and expressions
A.Y. 2023 - 2024
FIRST SEMESTER
University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines
OBJECTIVES / INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
• Students should be able to identify the arithmetic
operators in Python and how to use them.
• Students should be able to create working programs
applying all core data types, variables, constants,
operators and assignment statements.
• Students should be able to know what is Identifiers,
variables and constants are.
ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING
INTRODUCTION
To create a Python program, we must first understand and identify
the basic variables, data types, operators, statement expressions,
and etc. Because, python is an all- purpose programming language
that deals with various kinds of fundamentals used to create Python
programs.
IDENTIFIERS
An identifier is a “name given to entities” like class, functions,
variables, etc. It helps to differentiate one entity from another.
ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING
IDENTIFIERS
Rules for writing identifiers:
1. The Python identifier is made with a combination of lowercase or
uppercase letters, digits or an underscore.
These are the valid characters.
• Lowercase letters (a to z)
• Uppercase letters (A to Z)
• Digits (0 to 9)
• Underscore (_)
ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING
IDENTIFIERS
Examples of a valid identifier:
• num1
• FLAG
• get_user_name
• userDetails
• _1234
2. An identifier cannot start with a digit. 1variable is invalid, but variable1 is a
valid name.
3. Keywords cannot be used as identifiers.
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IDENTIFIERS
4. We cannot use special symbols like !, @, #, $, % etc. in our identifier.
5. An identifier can be of any length.
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IDENTIFIERS
Identify if the following are valid characters:
• 1character
• num2
• age$
• $name
• _1234
• Age_
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DATA TYPES
In programming, data type is an important concept.
Variables can store data of different types, and different types can do
different things.
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BUILT-IN DATA TYPES
Python has the following data types built-in by default, in these categories:
ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING
BUILT-IN DATA TYPES
1. Strings are arrays of bytes representing Unicode characters. A string is a
collection of one or more characters put in a single quote, double-quote or
triple quote. In python there is no character data type, a character is a
string of length one. It is represented by str class.
2. Numeric value can be integer, floating number or even complex numbers.
These values are defined as int, float and complex class in Python.
ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING
BUILT-IN DATA TYPES
• Integers – This value is represented by int class. It contains positive or
negative whole numbers (without fraction or decimal). In Python there is
no limit to how long an integer value can be.
• Float – This value is represented by float class. It is a real number with
floating point representation. It is specified by a decimal point. Optionally,
the character e or E followed by a positive or negative integer may be
appended to specify scientific notation.
• Complex Numbers – Complex number is represented by complex class. It is
specified as (real part) + (imaginary part)j. For example – 2+3j
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BUILT-IN DATA TYPES
3. Sequence is the ordered collection of similar or different data types. Sequences
allows to store multiple values in an organized and efficient fashion.
• Lists are just like the arrays, declared in other languages which is ordered
collection of data. It is very flexible as the items in a list do not need to be of the
same type.
• Tuple is also an ordered collection of Python objects. The only difference
between tuple and list is that tuples are immutable (cannot be changed) i.e.
tuples cannot be modified after it is created. It is represented by tuple class.
• Range - range() function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 by
default, and increments by 1 (by default), and stops before a specified number.
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BUILT-IN DATA TYPES
4. Mapping type - is a data type comprised of a collection of keys and associated
values. Python's only built-in mapping type is the dictionary.
5. Set Types:
• Set – used to store multiple items in a single variable.
• Frozen set - is just an immutable version of a Python set object. While elements of
a set can be modified at any time, elements of the frozen set remain the same
after creation.
ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING
BUILT-IN DATA TYPES
6. Boolean Type - Data type with one of the two built-in values, True or False.
Boolean objects that are equal to True are truthy (true), and those equal to False
are falsy (false). But non-Boolean objects can be evaluated in Boolean context as
well and determined to be true or false. It is denoted by the class bool.
ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING
BUILT-IN DATA TYPES
7. Binary Types:
• Bytes - byte() function converts an object to an immutable byte-represented
object of given size and data.
• Byte Array - bytearray() method returns a bytearray object which is an array of
given bytes. It gives a mutable sequence of integers in the range 0 <= x < 256.
• Memory View - memory view() function returns the memory views objects.
• memoryview objects allow Python code to access the internal data of an object
that supports the buffer protocol without copying
ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING
GETTING THE DATA TYPE
You can get the data type of any object by using the type() function:
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SETTING THE DATA TYPE
In Python, the data type is set when you assign a value to a variable:
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SETTING THE DATA TYPE
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SETTING THE SPECIFIC DATA TYPE
If you want to specify the data type, you can use the following
constructor functions:
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VARIABLES
Variables are containers for storing data values.
CREATING VARIABLES
Python has no command for declaring a variable.
A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it.
ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING
VARIABLES
Variables do not need to be declared with any particular type, and
can even change type after they have been set.
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CASTING
If you want to specify the data type of a variable, this can be done
with casting.
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GET THE TYPE
You can get the data type of a variable with the type() function.
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SINGLE OR DOUBLE QUOTES?
String variables can be declared either by using single or double
quotes:
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CASE SENSITIVE
Variable names are case-sensitive.
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CONSTANTS
A constant is a type of variable that holds values, which cannot be
changed. In reality, we rarely use constants in Python. Constants are
usually declared and assigned on a different module/file.
Then, they are imported to the main file.
ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING
OPERATORS
Operators are the constructs which can manipulate the value of
operands. Consider the expression 4 + 5 = 9. Here, 4 and 5 are called
operands and + is called operator.
ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING
OPERATORS
Python language supports the following types of operators.
• Arithmetic Operators
• Comparison (Relational) Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Membership Operators
• Identity Operators
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OPERATORS
ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations like
addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.
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OPERATORS
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OPERATORS
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OPERATORS
COMPARISON OPERATORS
Comparison operators are used to compare values. It returns either True or
False according to the condition.
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OPERATORS
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OPERATORS
LOGICAL OPERATORS
Logical operators are the and, or, not operators.
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OPERATORS
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OPERATORS
BITWISE OPERATORS
Bitwise operators act on operands as if they were strings of binary digits. They
operate bit by bit, hence the name.
In the table below: Let x = 10 (0000 1010 in binary) and y = 4 (0000 0100 in
binary)
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OPERATORS
ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS
Assignment operators are used in Python to assign values to variables.
a = 5 is a simple assignment operator that assigns the value 5 on the right to
the variable a on the left.
There are various compound operators in Python like a += 5 that adds to the
variable and later assigns the same. It is equivalent to a = a + 5.
ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING
OPERATORS
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OPERATORS
MEMBERSHIP OPERATORS
Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an
object:
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OPERATORS
IDENTIFY OPERATORS
Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but
if they are actually the same object, with the same memory location:
ES106 – COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING
END OF PRESENTATION
Thank you for listening!
Any questions?
Nothing is impossible. The word itself says ‘I’m possible!'
— Audrey Hepburn
