• Personal protective equipment’s can be broadly ✓Helmets must be cleaned at least once in a ✓Ordinary prescription glasses do not provide

ses do not provide • In wet environments, steel-toed boots that

classified into month in warm water or recommended adequate protection. are waterproof and slip-resistant may be
1. Non - respiratory protective equipment’s cleanser and air dried. ✓It must confirm to the standards. necessary.
2. Respiratory protective equipment’s
✓The helmet must be protected from direct ✓All safety glasses should have side shields. • The hazards that workers are exposed to will
• Non- respiratory protective devices include head
exposure to extreme conditions of heat b) Goggles determine what type of foot protection
protectors, eye protectors,
is most appropriate for the job.
hand and arm protectors, foot and leg protectors, and cold, chemicals etc. ✓Goggles are intended for use when
b) Hard Hats PPE- Respiratory Protection
body protectors and skin protection is needed against chemicals or
protectors. ✓Safety hats protect the head from impact, • Respiratory hazards include airborne
particles.
contaminants such as dusts, mists,
• Respiratory protective equipment’s include penetration and electrical shock. ✓Impact protection goggles which contain
fumes and gases or oxygen deficient
different kinds of breathing ✓A hard hat is a type of helmet predominantly perforations on the sides of goggle are not to
apparatus like filter respirators, airline respirators, atmospheres.
used in workplace be used for chemical splash protection,
self- contained breathing • A respirator is a protective face piece, hood
environments such as construction sites, to therefore are not recommended.
apparatus etc. or helmet that is designed to
• When selecting a PPE to reduce a risk to health
protect the head from injury. ✓Splash goggles which contain shielded vents
protect the wearer against various harmful
and safety, the employer ✓Hard hats are classified into three categories at the top of the goggle are appropriate for
airborne agents.
should ensure that • Class G - General Service, limited voltage chemical splash protection, and also provide
• Respirators should not be the first choice for
✓PPE is suitable for the nature of work and any protection limited eye impact protection.
respiratory protection in
hazard associated,✓It is of suitable size and fit and • Class E - Utility Service, high voltage ✓Goggles only protect the eyes, offering no workplaces.
reasonably comfortable for the person who wears protection protection for the face and neck • The two main types are air-purifying
them.✓It is maintained, repaired or replaced • Class C - Special Service, no voltage
respirators (APRs) and supplied-air
suitably protection PPE- Eye and Face Protection… respirators (SARs).
Types of personal protective equipment PPE- Ear Protection c) Face Shields • Air-purifying respirators can remove
• PPE can be classified in the following • High noise levels are predominant in most ✓Full face shields provide the face and throat contaminants in the air that you breathe
categories, based on the type industrial settings, carry a very partial protection from flying particles by filtering out particulates (e.g., dusts, metal
of protection: serious impact on the employees. and liquid splash. fumes, mists, etc.).
1. Head protection – for example, Safety • Hearing loss has an impact on the person's
✓For maximum protection against chemical ✓ Other APRs purify air by adsorbing gases or
helmets, hard hats quality of life.
splash, a full-face shield should be vapours on a sorbent (adsorbing
2. Foot protection – for example, Safety • Hearing loss can also affect the safety of the
used in combination with chemical splash material) in a cartridge or cannister.
shoes/boots working environment when a
goggles. ✓They are tight-fitting and are available in
3. Respiratory protection - for example, worker can't hear a warning or alarm signal.
✓Face shields are appropriate as secondary several forms
disposable, cartridge, air line, half or • People working in highly noisy areas must
protection when implosion (e.g. 1. mouth bit respirator (fits in the mouth and
full face wear ear protection aids.
vacuum applications) or explosion hazards are comes with a nose clip to hold nostrils
4. Eye protection – for example, goggles/ a) Ear Plugs
present. closed -for escape purposes only)
spectacles, shields, visors ✓An ear plug is a device that is meant to be
✓Face shields which are contoured to protect 2. quarter-mask (covering the nose and
5. Hearing protection – for example, plugs & inserted in the ear canal to
the sides of the neck as well as mouth),
ear muffs. protect the wearer from loud noise, intrusion
frontal protection are preferred. 3. half-face mask (covering the face from the
Types of personal protective equipment… of water, foreign bodies, dust
PPE- Arm and Hand Protection nose to below the chin), or
6. Hand protection – for example, gloves and or excessive wind.
• Arms and hands are vulnerable to cuts, 4. full facepiece (covering the face from above
barrier creams ✓ Most earplugs are made of foam that is
burns, bruises, electrical shock, chemical the eyes to below the chin)
7. Working from heights - for example, harness inserted into the ear canal.
spills, and amputation. • Supplied-air respirators (SARs) supply clean
and fall arrest devices ✓Ear plugs are rated with Noise Reduction a) Gloves air from a compressed air tank or
8. Skin protection – for example, Full body suit, Ratings which provide a guide to • Gloves provide protection for the hands and through an airline.
Heat resistant suit the noise protection provided by the device.
9. Other personal protective equipment: This
arms from chemicals, temperature ✓This air is not from the work room area.
✓Ear plugs may be better in hot, humid or extremes, and abrasion.
may include PPE for specific job such ✓The air supplied in tanks or from
confined work areas and better for • Their proper selection is vital to their ability
disposable clothing for working with compressors must meet certain standards for
employees who wear other personal to protect.
chemicals, radiation hazards, painting, purity and moisture content.
protective equipment’s. • This is especially true when dealing with
welding, Gas cutting. Examples include lead ✓Supplied-air respirators may have either
✓The ear plugs may be disposable or reusable potential exposure to chemicals.
aprons for X-Ray protection; sleeve tight-fitting or loose-fitting respiratory inlets.
in nature. • It is imperative to remember that both the
protectors, aprons, coveralls when using ✓Respirators with tight-fitting respiratory
✓Disposable ear plugs are meant for one-time thickness and the type of material the
chemicals; leather jackets, trousers and inlets have half or full facepieces.
usage and made of formable glove is manufactured from affect the ability
spats for welding; thermal and cold protective ✓ Types with loose-fitting respiratory inlets
material. to serve as a barrier against a
clothing for work near furnaces and can be hoods or helmets that cover the
✓Reusable ear plugs are premolded and made chemical.
cool rooms head and neck, or loose-fitting facepieces with
of silicone, plastic or rubber. Another factor in the selection of gloves is the
rubber or fabric side shields.
b) Ear Muffs wearer's need for dexterity.
PPE- Head Protection ✓These are supplied with air through airline
✓Ear muffs are the objects designed to cover a ✓ It is often advisable to reduce the size and
• An Injury to the head can pose serious threat
to the brain. Therefore, head protection is person's ear for protection or thickness of the glove to increase the
Types of safe work permits
considered important. for warmth. dexterity.
• There are different types of work permits,
• Head injuries are usually caused by the ✓ Ear muffs have cups and cushions that fit ✓Caution is also required when using gloves
depending upon the nature and
falling objects, bumping against a fixed object, securely around the ears, around moving equipment.
danger of the work to be performed.
contacting exposed electrical conductors etc. covering them completely, and are held in ✓Gloves should not be used by anyone whose
• But basically there are three types, which are
a) Safety Helmets place by a head band. hands are exposed to moving parts in which
given below.
✓A safety helmet must be worn where a ✓Thermal ear muffs work in cold environment their hands could get caught.
1. Hot work permit
person may be struck on the head by a falling to keep a person's ear warm. The following is a general list of the types of 2. Cold safe work permits
body, ✓Acoustic ear muffs protect the wearer from gloves
3. Confined space entry permits
flying objects, overhead spills of hot and extreme noises. 1. Disposable latex gloves
Hot work permit• We issue hot work permits,
corrosive chemicals, electric shock etc. PPE- Eye and Face Protection 2. Chemical resistant gloves
when the work activities deals with the heat as
✓A wide range of accessories can be fitted ✓Eyes are vulnerable to mechanical, chemical 3. Leather gloves
well as sparks etc.• The hot work includes
with the helmets for variable working and thermal hazards. 4. Non asbestos heat-resistant gloves
burning, welding, non flame proof industrial,
5. metal-mesh gloves for operations cutters
conditions. ✓The employer shall ensure that each affected electrical devices, pneumatic chippers,
6. Cotton gloves
✓The hard shell of the safety helmet is employee uses appropriate eye or hammers, and drills etc.• Three dangers must
PPE- Foot Protection
designed to protect the head against impact. face protection when exposed to eye or face be known, which are given below
• The toes, ankles and feet are exposed to a
✓Helmets are made out of materials such as hazards from flying particles, molten 1. Items having a flammable materials and hot
wide range of on the job injuries.
fiber-glass reinforced plastic, HDPE metal, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids, work have to be done on them.
• Safety shoes and boots provide impact and
(High Density Polyethene), aluminium alloy chemical gases or vapours, or 2. Items having combustible materials, which
compression protection for workers upon working gives flammable
etc. potentially injurious light radiation.
who handle heavy materials or work in areas
✓To provide best protection, a safety helmet a) Safety Glasses vapours.3. And those having the flammable
where materials could roll or fall onto
must fit properly. ✓Safety glasses are the most commonly used vapors and gases in their surrounding area or
their feet.
✓Care and Maintenance of helmets are form of eye protection. atmosphere.
• Foot protection is usually in the form of
essential. ✓They are basically designed to provide Cold safe work permits• Such types of work
steel-toed work boots, with a steel shank to
permits are used for the maintenance
✓Helmets must be checked regularly for protection from flying particles that may
protect the bottom of the foot from puncture
strike the eyes from the front. purposes, that do not deals hot work.
cracks or other damages. wounds.
PPE- Eye and Face Protection…
• Such kinds of permits are allocated when 11. All openings in floors where workmen are 5 s of Housekeeping…
there is no ignition sources and liable to work or even pass through shall be 5. Shitsuke (Sustain)
all the harmful substances contact have been either closed or barricaded. If they are closed, • Shitsuke means self-discipline.
reduced or eliminated. a visible sign shall be kept to indicate the • It denotes commitment to maintain
• Example- painting, and varnishing etc. opening below the cover. orderliness and to practice the first 4S as a
Confined space entry permits • Confined way of life.
space means a limited space such as any type 5 s of Housekeeping • The emphasis of shitsuke is the elimination
of chamber, valt,pipe, tank, flue or similar • The 5 S was invented in Japan of the bad habits and constant practice of the
spaces etc. • It stands for the five Japanese words that good
• Entry work permits are required for the start with the letter ‘S’: seiri, seiton, seiso, ones.
confined spaces if they have a more width seiketsu, and shitsuke. • Once a true shitsuke is achieved, the
than twice of the depth of the spaces. • An equivalent set of five ‘S’ words in English personnel voluntarily observe cleanliness and
• It will be better to do the work from outside has been adopted to preserve the 5 S orderliness
the space if possible. acronym- sort, set(in place), shine, standardize at all times, without having to be reminded by
• The person which issues the permit to work and sustain- in the English usage. the management.
in the confined spaces must ensure that • 1. Seiri (sort) • One must train oneself to keep the 4S
there is the facility of proper ventilation, • 2. Seiton (straighten or streamline) principles and realize that by following the 5S,
rescue facilities and trained persons in such • 3. Seiso (shine) ultimately
kind of works, proper illumination along with • 4. Seiketsu (standardize) the work will become easier.
the safety standards, easy and safe • 5. Shitsuke (sustain) • Shitsuke is the most difficult ‘S’ to
access to the vessel part 1. Seiri (Sort) implement and achieve.
• The first step of the 5 S processes, seiri,
refers to the act of throwing away all the
Housekeeping unwanted, unnecessary and unrelated
• Benefits of Good Housekeeping materials in the workplace.
1. Eliminates accident and fire hazards. • The people involved in seiri must not feel
2. Maintains safe, healthy work conditions. sorry about having to throw away things.
3. Saves time, money, materials, space, and • The idea is to ensure that everything left in
effort. the workplace related to the work.
4. Improves productivity and quality. • Even the number of necessary items in the
5. Employees boosts employees morale. workplace must be kept to its absolute
6. Reflects a well-run organization. minimum.
• Because of seiri, the simplification of tasks,
Guidelines for good housekeeping practice an effective use of space, and the
1. All materials should be maintained in neat careful purchase of the items follow.
stockpiles with well laid aisles and walkways 2. Seiton ( Set in order)
for ease • Seiton means systematic, orderly, efficient,
of access. There shall not be any projections in and effective arrangement of items in
the walkways. use.
2. Debris from the floors shall be removed and • For effective storage, answers to the
collected by suitable chutes and skips. When following questions are required.
the i. What items are to be stored?
skip is full, debris shall be disposed off into the ii. Where should the items be stored?
designated dumping area. iii. What quantity of the items is generally
3. Loose materials, scrap, tools etc. shall not required to be stored?
be allowed lying in the working areas iv. Are there any special storage
especially in requirements?
the vicinity of ladders, ramps, stairs etc. This is v. How often the items are to be stored or
more important at heights where loose retrieved?
materials 3. Seiso (shine)
are liable to fall down. • Seiso is cleaning the workplace completely
4. Spilt oil and grease should be removed so that there is no dust on the floor,
immediately. machines, and equipment.
5. Protruding nails is wooden pieces is a • The objective of seiso is to return items,
chronic problem in sites of civil work jigs/fixtures, molds, equipment, and other
construction. Every utilities and workplaces used during work to
worker need to be made aware that such their original clean and polished condition
pieces will injure the workers themselves so by removing scrap and leftovers and wiping all
that they surfaces to make dust/dirt free.
will not throw such wooden pieces carelessly • The presence of dust can cause abrasions,
around their work space. Instead they should scratches, blockages, leakages, bad
retrieve protruding nails and stack the connection (electrical defects), quality defects
materials in designated place. (e.g. painting on dusty surfaces),
6. Wooden scrap yard should be well away variability (e.g. wrong measurements and lack
from any gas cutting or welding operations of process control)..
and 4. Seiketsu (Standardize)
‘No Smoking’ board shall be strictly exhibited • Seiketshu is repeatedly following of “Seiri”,
there. “Seiton” and “Seiso”, developing and
7. All floors shall be numbered at the landing implementing standard operating procedures
level. and maintaining safe and hygienic
8. Combustible and non-combustible materials conditions at work leading to serene
shall be segregated and marked with atmosphere.
separate waste bins shall be collected and • Seiketshu embraces both personal
disposed off to designated dumping areas. cleanliness and that of the work environment.
9. Construction materials shall be stacked in • It emphasis on 5-S standardization and visual
safe and orderly manner with safe access. management.
They • Standardization ensures that all assignments
shall not be stacked near the edge of floor or are absolutely clear and there is no
openings. undefined area.
10. Adequate lighting should be provided in • Visual management ensures that
and around all work areas, passage ways, communication is simple and effective.
stairs, • Together, they (i.e. standardization and
ladders and other areas used by personnel. visual management) provide an effective way
of continuous improvement.